Effect of Lysyl Oxidase G473 A Polymorphism on Lysyl Oxidase and Total Soluble Collagen Expression in Oral Submucous Fibrosis.

Background: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a debilitating collagen-metabolic disorder leading to submucosal fibrosis and trismus. Lysyl oxidase (LOX), a critical collagen biosynthetic enzyme, is up-regulated in OSF. Polymorphisms in the Lysyl oxidase gene have been associated with increased risk of OSF and might affect normal collagen synthesis, accumulation, or degradation, crucial in determining fibrosis severity.

LRRC15 antibody-drug conjugates show promise as osteosarcoma therapeutics in preclinical studies.

Background: Osteosarcoma (OS), the most common bone tumor in children and adolescents, has high rates of metastasis leading to poor survival. Leucine-rich repeat containing 15 (LRRC15), a transmembrane protein whose expression is modulated by TGFβ, was recently shown to be highly expressed on the surface of OS tumor cells. Here, we evaluate a novel antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) targeting LRRC15 in OS human cell lines and murine xenografts.

A Combinatorial Strategy for Targeting -Mutant Cancers with BRAF Inhibitor (PLX4720) and Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor (Ponatinib).

Purpose: Most aggressive thyroid cancers are commonly associated with a mutation. Preclinical and clinical data in cancers suggest that combined BRAF and MEK inhibitor treatment results in a response, but resistance is common. One mechanism of acquired resistance is through persistent activation of tyrosine kinase (TK) signaling by alternate pathways.

Distinct genome-wide methylation patterns in sporadic and hereditary nonfunctioning pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors.

Background: Aberrant methylation is a known cause of cancer initiation and/or progression. There are scant data on the genome-wide methylation pattern of nonfunctioning pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NFPanNETs) and sporadic and hereditary NFPanNETs.

Methods: Thirty-three tissue samples were analyzed: they included samples from sporadic (n = 9), von Hippel-Lindau (VHL)-related (n = 10), and multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1)-related NFPanNETs (n = 10) as well as normal islet cells (n = 4) for comparison.

5-Hydroxymethylcytosine in E-box motifs ACAT|GTG and ACAC|GTG increases DNA-binding of the B-HLH transcription factor TCF4.

We evaluated DNA binding of the B-HLH family members TCF4 and USF1 using protein binding microarrays (PBMs) containing double-stranded DNA probes with cytosine on both strands or 5-methylcytosine (5mC) or 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) on one DNA strand and cytosine on the second strand. TCF4 preferentially bound the E-box motif (CAN|NTG) with strongest binding to the 8-mer CAG|GTGGT. 5mC uniformly decreases DNA binding of both TCF4 and USF1.

Inheritance of Cytosine Methylation.

There are numerous examples of parental transgenerational inheritance that is epigenetic. The informational molecules include RNA, chromatin modifications, and cytosine methylation. With advances in DNA sequencing technologies, the molecular and epigenetic mechanisms mediating these effects are now starting to be uncovered.

Telomerase expression in individuals with chronic and aggressive periodontitis.

Background: The aim of this study is to evaluate the expression of human telomerase reverse transcription (hTERT) enzyme in chronic periodontitis (CP) and aggressive periodontitis (AgP) compared with healthy individuals.

Methods: A total of 79 individuals consented to participate in the study. The study sample comprised healthy individuals (n = 30), patients with CP (n = 30), and patients with AgP (n = 19).

Comparative evaluation of genotoxicity by micronucleus assay in the buccal mucosa over comet assay in peripheral blood in oral precancer and cancer patients.

Early detection and quantification of DNA damage in oral premalignancy or malignancy may help in management of the disease and improve survival rates. The comet assay has been successfully utilised to detect DNA damage in oral premalignant or malignancy. However, due to the invasive nature of collecting blood, it may be painful for many unwilling patients.

Comparative distribution of Lysyl Oxidase (G473A) and NQO1 (C609T) polymorphism among tea-garden workers (habitual chewers of betel quid) of Darjeeling district and Kolkata city of West Bengal.

Context: Chewing of processed arecanut products with tobacco and betel quid has been attributed to many oral pathological conditions. These products are very popular among the youngsters of lower economic groups. Genetic predisposition has been now identified as a major risk factor for increasing the susceptibility toward the disease among these chewers.

The effect of coadministration of α-tocopherol and ascorbic acid on arsenic trioxide-induced testicular toxicity in adult rats.

Background: Arsenic, acting as an endocrine disruptor, causes reproductive malfunctions. Studies have been undertaken to find out whether the co-supplementation of α-tocopherol and ascorbic acid (AT-AA) could reduce the arsenic-induced testicular toxicity caused by oxidative stress and resulting DNA damage.

Methods: Adult male Wistar rats (120±10 g) were given arsenic trioxide [3 mg/kg body weight (b.

Prevention of arsenic-mediated reproductive toxicity in adult female rats by high protein diet.

Context: The detrimental effects of arsenic on female reproductive functions may involve overt oxidative stress. Casein and pea [Pisum sativum Linn. (Fabaceae)] proteins have antioxidant properties.

Clinico-epidemiological profile of oral potentially malignant and malignant conditions among areca nut, tobacco and alcohol users in Eastern India: A hospital based study.

Context: With an increase in the abuse of various oral habitual products in India over the past few decades; the incidence of oral potentially malignant conditions as leukoplakia, oral submucous fibrosis and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) rates have also increased. No recent study has been conducted reporting the scenario of oral cancer and potentially malignant conditions in Eastern India (specifically Kolkata).

Aims: The present study was conducted at Dr.

Potential contribution of SIM2 and ETS2 functional polymorphisms in Down syndrome associated malignancies.

Background: Proper expression and functioning of transcription factors (TFs) are essential for regulation of different traits and thus could be crucial for the development of complex diseases. Subjects with Down syndrome (DS) have a higher incidence of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) while solid tumors, like breast cancer (BC) and oral cancer (OC), show rare incidences. Triplication of the human chromosome 21 in DS is associated with altered genetic dosage of different TFs.

CYP1AI and CYP2E1 gene polymorphisms may increase susceptibility to oral submucous fibrosis among betel quid chewers of eastern India.

Chewing betel quid may release chemical carcinogens including xenobiotics resulting in oral malignancy cases preceded by potential malignant lesions and conditions - Oral Submucous Fibrosis (OSF) being one of them. The cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1) enzyme is central to the metabolic activation of these xenobiotics, whereas CYP2E1 metabolizes the nitrosamines and tannins. The present study investigated the association of polymorphisms at CYP1A1m1 (T3801C), m2 (A2455G), and CYP2E1 PstI site (nucleotide 21259) with the risk of OSF.

Degradation of bacterial DNA by a natural antimicrobial agent with the help of biomimetic membrane system.

The antimicrobial efficacy of methylglyoxal (MG) against several gram-negative bacteria including Escherichia coli has been reported. To determine the mechanism of action of MG, molecular interactions between lipid and MG within the liposomal membrane were also investigated. Multilamellar and unilamellar vesicles were prepared from 1, 2-dipalmitoyl-snglycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC).

Effect of smoking on semen quality, FSH, testosterone level, and CAG repeat length in androgen receptor gene of infertile men in an Indian city.

This study was conducted as part of an epidemiological survey of 126 nonsmokers and 178 smokers, showing primary infertility residing around Kolkata region of Eastern India. Their lifestyle history including smoking habits along with semen and blood were collected. The study examined the association of cigarette smoking with the risk of infertility, by determining the semen quality, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone levels, and androgen receptor (AR)-CAG repeat length in a group of smokers compared with a control group (non smokers).

Effect of quercetin on Vibrio cholerae induced nuclear factor-κB activation and interleukin-8 expression in intestinal epithelial cells.

Vibrio cholerae, the etiological agent of cholera, colonizes the small intestine, produces an enterotoxin and causes acute inflammatory response at intestinal epithelial cell surface. Pretreatment of intestinal epithelial cells with quercetin reduces the level of V. cholerae induced IL-8 in dose and time dependent manner as determined by ELISA and RT-PCR.

Evaluation of DNA damage in oral precancerous and squamous cell carcinoma patients by single cell gel electrophoresis.

Context: Single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) or "comet assay" is a rapid and very sensitive fluorescent microscopic method for detecting various forms of DNA damage at individual cell level.

Aims: The aim of the present study was to detect the extent of DNA damage in oral cancer, oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) and leukoplakia in comparison to normal individual.

Settings And Design: A total of 44 consecutive patients with oral cancer (n=26), leukoplakia (n=12) and OSMF (n=6) and 10 healthy normal volunteers with normal oral epithelia (controls) were recruited from Dr.

Association of XRCC1, XRCC3, and NAT2 polymorphisms with the risk of oral submucous fibrosis among eastern Indian population.

Background: Arecanut and smokeless tobacco usage is a major cause for oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) and its subsequent development to oral squamous cell carcinoma in South-east Asian population. Polymorphisms at N-acetyltransferase 2 locus, coding for an enzyme catalyzing acetylation of aromatic amines, might cause DNA adduct formation because of improper acetylation of these polyaromatic hydrocarbons. DNA repair enzymes remove these adduct to prevent malignancy.

Oral verrucous carcinoma--a misnomer? Immunohistochemistry based comparative study of two cases.

The clinico-histopathological diagnosis of oral verrucous carcinoma (OVC) is often exclusionary and extremely difficult. Distinction from the classical oral squamous-cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a frequent problem for both clinicians and pathologists because of the extensive nature of the lesion mimicking an invasive cancer. Immunohistochemistry in this case provides a platform for studying distinct molecular mechanism by variation in expression of protein markers.

A large swelling of the tongue.

Hyalinising clear cell carcinoma (HCCC) is an infrequent distinct histological subtype of clear cell adenocarcinoma encountered in minor salivary glands which can be confused with a variety of clear cell-rich tumours. The entity of HCCC should be considered in patients presenting with well-circumscribed longstanding nodular enlargement without any other significant abnormality. HCCC is often difficult to diagnose due to its unusual presentation.

Melanotic neuroectodermal tumour of infancy.

Melanotic neuroectodermal tumour of infancy (MNTI) is a rare benign tumour of neural crest origin that was first described by Krompecher in 1918.1 It is predominantly found in infancy, with about 92% of cases below the age of 12 months and 82% below the age of 6 months. The predominant site of origin is in the premaxilla though it is reported at other sites also including the skull, the mandible, the epididymis and the brain.

Zinc and vitamin A can minimise the severity of oral submucous fibrosis.

We report a case of a 24-year-old man who presented with a complaint of reduced mouth opening and a burning sensation. On examination, he was clinically diagnosed with oral submucous fibrosis (OSF). Following routine biopsy and histopathological confirmation of OSF, the patient was supplemented with zinc acetate along with vitamin A and was followed up for 4 months.