A Review on Protease Inhibitors of Herbal Origin to Combat Malignancy.

Protease is the enzyme accountable for the breakdown of proteins i.e., proteolysis.

Can the Toxic Heavy Metals Be Beneficial at Trace Levels? Understanding Their Outranged Biological Functions.

Heavy metal toxicity poses a serious danger to the environment and its inhabitants on a global scale. The harmful heavy metals that are not necessary but are still dangerous, such as lead, arsenic, cadmium, and mercury are frequently linked to pollution and the resulting health problems. Despite several gross ill effects, toxic heavy metals have been found to show beneficial biological activity when applied at very low or trace levels.

An Insight into the Salutary Prospect of the Probiotic Microorganisms for the Remediation of Mercury Toxicity.

Heavy metal toxicity imposes a potential worldwide threat to environment and humans. Mercury toxicity is regarded as a serious global community health risk, as there is no particular and proven treatment for chronic mercury toxicity. Probiotics include the live apathogenic microorganisms, which are administered orally to revamp the gut microbial equilibrium thus bestowing benefit to the host.

Honey Can Obviate Heavy Metal Toxicity: A Review.

Toxicity caused by heavy metals inflicts a grave global menace to the habitat and inhabitants. Arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and mercury (Hg) are the non-essential yet harmful heavy metals commonly associated with pollution and resultant health complications. Typical chelating/complexing agents are not worthy of combating heavy metal-induced sub-chronic and chronic toxicities.

A Review on Experimentally Proven Medicinal Plants and Their Constituents against Fluoride Toxicity.

Fluoride toxicity, principally by polluted groundwater, is regarded as a momentous global public health risk, as there is no particular and proven treatment for chronic fluoride toxicity i.e., fluorosis which leads to several serious health complications.

Essential Trace Metals as Countermeasure for Lead Toxicity.

Lead (Pb) is the most common toxic heavy metal that is physiologically non-essential and imposes health complications in animals and humans. Chelation therapy is considered as the definite therapy for acute lead toxicity; clinical uses of chelating agents are not recommended in long-term lead toxicity and in children. Research reveals that essential trace metals can counteract empirical Pb toxicity.

Antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic effects of bark in experimental animal models.

The purpose of the study is to evaluate the antidiabetic and hyperlipidemic potential of stem bark extract of (Lamiaceae), by using streptozotocin (STZ)-nicotinamide (NA)-induced diabetic and triton-induced hyperlipidemic models in albino rats. The blood glucose, total cholesterol, and triglyceride levels were determined in STZ-NA-induced diabetic and triton-induced hyperlipidemic rats, as per the respective protocols. It was found that there is the dose dependent and significant reduction in foregoing parameters on the administration of extract from stem bark at the doses of 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg body weight to diabetic and hyperlipidemic rats.

Protective Role of the Essential Trace Elements in the Obviation of Cadmium Toxicity: Glimpses of Mechanisms.

Cadmium (Cd) is toxic non-essential heavy metal that precipitates adverse health effects in humans and animals. Chelation therapy, the typical treatment for cadmium toxicity, has certain safety and efficacy issues to treat long term cadmium toxicity, in particular. Recent studies have shown that essential trace elements can play important roles in obviating experimental Cd toxicity.

Transport phenomena of Cu-S-Te chalcogenide nanocomposites: frequency response and AC conductivity.

In this work, the development and electrical characterization of several chalcogenide nanocomposites have been reported. X-ray diffraction (XRD) has been used to reveal their microstructures. Mott's variable range hopping model has been used to interpret the DC conductivity data of the nanocomposites at lower temperatures.

The Role of Spirulina (Arthrospira) in the Mitigation of Heavy-Metal Toxicity: An Appraisal.

Heavy-metal toxicity imposes a potential worldwide threat to the environment and humans. Cadmium, mercury, lead, and arsenic are nonessential toxic heavy metals that are most frequently involved in environmental and health hazards. Conventional chelating agents are unsuitable for subchronic and chronic heavy-metal toxicities.

Probiotics against alleviation of lead toxicity: recent advances.

Lead is a toxic heavy metal and there is no specific, safe and efficacious therapeutic management of lead toxicity. Scientific literature reported that some probiotic microorganisms alleviated experimentally induced lead toxicity. The present review attempts to collate the experimental studies on probiotics with ameliorative effects.

Antidiabetic effect of leaf against streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetic albino rats.

(Caryophyllaceae), commonly known as in Sikkimese-Tibetan, is a creeping herb grown in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. It is used by ethnic groups of Sikkim, North-East India, for the treatment of various diseases including diabetes. This study aimed to investigate the antidiabetic effect of methanol extract from leaf (DCME) in streptozotocin (STZ) and nicotinamide (NA)-induced type 2 diabetes in rats.

The Role of Probiotics in the Amelioration of Cadmium Toxicity.

Cadmium is extremely toxic heavy metal, and there is no specific, safe, and efficacious therapeutic management of cadmium toxicity. Scientific literature reveals several probiotic microorganisms which alleviate experimentally induced cadmium toxicity in animals. The present review attempts to collate the experimental studies on probiotics and probiotic-derived natural products with cadmium toxicity ameliorative effects.

Medicinal plants and natural products can play a significant role in mitigation of mercury toxicity.

Mercury is a heavy metal of considerable toxicity. Scientific literature reveals various plants and plant derived natural products, , phytochemicals, which can alleviate experimentally induced mercury toxicity in animals. The present review attempts to collate those experimental studies on medicinal plants and phytochemicals with ameliorative effects on mercury toxicity.

Medicinal plants and natural products in amelioration of arsenic toxicity: a short review.

Context: Chronic arsenic toxicity (arsenicosis) is considered a serious public health menace worldwide, as there is no specific, safe, and efficacious therapeutic management of arsenicosis.

Objectives: To collate the studies on medicinal plants and natural products with arsenic toxicity ameliorative effect, active pre-clinically and/or clinically.

Methods: Literature survey was carried out by using Google, Scholar Google and Pub-Med.

Antitumor activity and antioxidant status of Streblus asper bark against Dalton's ascitic lymphoma in mice.

Streblus asper Lour (Moraceae), commonly known as Siamee Rough Brush in English is widely distributed in subtropical Asia and traditionally used for several medicinal purposes. In the present study, the ethyl acetate fraction of the methanol extract from Streblus asper bark (EASA) was evaluated for antitumor effect against Dalton's ascitic lymphoma (DAL) in Swiss albino mice. Twenty-four hours after intraperitoneal inoculation of DAL cells in mice, EASA was administered intraperitoneally at 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight for 9 consecutive days.

Naringenin Alleviates Cadmium-Induced Toxicity through the Abrogation of Oxidative Stress in Swiss Albino Mice.

The present study evaluates the protective potential of the flavonoid naringenin (NRG) against experimentally induced cadmium (Cd) toxicity in Swiss albino mice. NRG (4 and 8 mg/kg) was orally administered to mice 30 min before oral administration of CdCl2 (12 mg/kg) for 11 consecutive days. On the 12th day, we evaluated body and organ weights, hematological profiles, serum biochemical profiles, and hepatic and renal tissue antioxidative parameters including lipid peroxidation, reduced and oxidized glutathione, glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase.

β-Carotene ameliorates arsenic-induced toxicity in albino mice.

The present study evaluated the ameliorative potential of β-carotene (BCT) against experimentally induced arsenic toxicity in Swiss albino mice. BCT (5 and 10 mg/kg) was administered orally to mice 30 min before oral administration of arsenic trioxide (3 mg/kg) for 14 consecutive days. On 15th day, the body weights, organ weights, hematological profiles, serum biochemical profile; hepatic and renal antioxidative parameters viz.

Naringenin, a citrus flavonoid, ameliorates arsenic-induced toxicity in Swiss albino mice.

In the present study, we evaluated the ameliorative potential of a citrus flavonoid, naringenin (NRG), against experimentally induced arsenic toxicity in Swiss albino mice. NRG (5 and 10 mg kg-l) was administered orally to mice 30 minutes before oral administration of arsenic trioxide (3 mg kg-l) for 14 consecutive days. On day 15, the following parameters were evaluated: body weight; organ weight; hematological profile; serum biochemical profile; hepatic and renal tissue antioxidative parameters including lipid peroxidation, reduced and oxidized glutathione, glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, superoxide dismutase, catalase levels; and DNA fragmentation.

Arsenic induced myocardial toxicity in rats: alleviative effect of Trichosanthes dioica fruit.

The present study investigated the alleviative effect of aqueous extract of Trichosanthes dioica fruit (AQTD) against arsenic induced cardiotoxicity in Wistar albino rats. AQTD (50 and 100 mg/kg) was administered orally to rats for 20 consecutive days before oral administration of sodium arsenite (10 mg/kg) for 8 days. Then the body weights, heart weights, hematological profile, serum biochemical profile; myocardial antioxidative parameters viz.

Antitumor activity and antioxidant role of Streblus asper bark against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma in Swiss albino mice.

The present study assessed the methanol extract of Streblus asper stem bark (MESA) for antitumor effect and antioxidant influence against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) in Swiss albino mice. Twenty four hours after intraperitonial inoculation of tumor (EAC) cells in mice, MESA was administered at 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight daily for 9 consecutive days. On the 10 th day, half of the mice were sacrificed for estimation of tumor parameters, haematological, liver and kidney antioxidant parameters; and the rest were kept alive for assessment of survival.

Rationalized design, synthesis and pharmacological screening of amino acid linked spiro pyrrolidino oxyindole analogs through environment friendly reaction.

Introduction: The development of newer synthetic approaches toward the synthesis of polynuclear heteroaromatics and their application in the synthesis of some biologically active compounds has been discussed in this study.

Materials And Methods: The synthesis of novel spiro pyrrolidino oxindoles was performed for the construction of amino acid linked polynuclear heteroaromatics by cycloaddition reaction. This reaction method is one of the most important methods for the construction of spiro pyrrolidino oxindole from the commercially available starting material isatin.

Trichosanthes dioica root alleviates arsenic induced myocardial toxicity in rats.

The present study evaluated the ameliorative potential of hydroalcoholic extract of Trichosanthes dioica root (TDA) against arsenic-induced cardiotoxicity in Wistar albino rats. TDA (5 and 10 mg kg-1) was administered orally to rats for 20 consecutive days before oral administration of sodium arsenite (10 mg kg-1) for 8 days. Then the body weights, heart weights, hematological profile, serum biochemical profile; and the following myocardial tissue antioxidative parameters were evaluated: lipid peroxidation, reduced and oxidized glutathione, glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and DNA fragmentation.

Trichosanthes dioica fruit extract ameliorates arsenic-induced brain toxicity in male albino rats.

This study evaluated the ameliorative potential of aqueous extract of Trichosanthes dioica fruit (AQTD) against arsenic-induced toxicity in rat brain. AQTD (50 and 100 mg/kg) was administered orally to male Wistar albino rats for 20 consecutive days before oral administration of sodium arsenite (10 mg/kg) for 8 days. We then evaluated the brain biochemical parameters viz.