ChatGPT and Beyond: An overview of the growing field of large language models and their use in ophthalmology.

ChatGPT, an artificial intelligence (AI) chatbot built on large language models (LLMs), has rapidly gained popularity. The benefits and limitations of this transformative technology have been discussed across various fields, including medicine. The widespread availability of ChatGPT has enabled clinicians to study how these tools could be used for a variety of tasks such as generating differential diagnosis lists, organizing patient notes, and synthesizing literature for scientific research.

Dietary phytoestrogen diosgenin interrupts metabolism, physiology, and reproduction of Swiss albino mice: Possible mode of action as an emerging environmental contaminant, endocrine disruptor and reproductive toxicant.

Dietary phytoestrogens are the main source of environmental contamination due to their estrogen-mimicking and endocrine-disrupting effects, posing a threat to microbial, soil, plant, and animal health. Diosgenin, a phytosteroid saponin, is used in many traditional medicines, nutraceuticals, dietary supplements, contraceptives, and hormone replacement therapies against numerous diseases and disorders. It is important to be aware of the potential risks associated with diosgenin, as well as its potential to cause reproductive and endocrine toxicity.

Antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic action of ellagic acid against lead acetate induced testicular and hepato-renal oxidative damages and pathophysiological changes in male Long Evans rats.

Lead (Pb), is an environmental toxicant, causes multi-organ dysfunction including reproductive impairments. This study designed to investigate the prospective antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects of ellagic acid (EA) on Pb-mediated testicular and hepato-renal toxicity. Four experimental groups of five male Long-Evans rats each were used: control, Pb (60 mg/kg), EA (30 mg/kg), and Pb + EA groups.

Black carbon over a high altitude Central Himalayan Glacier: Variability, transport, and radiative impacts.

Ambient equivalent black carbon (BC) measurements spanning from June to October have been carried out over an adjoining location of Satopanth and Bhagirath-Kharak Glaciers (3858m, amsl) of Central Himalaya during the year 2019. Hourly BC varied from 12 ng m to 439 ng m during the entire period of observation. Monthly averaged BC values showed the highest concentration during June (230.

Emergency preparedness and response (EP&R) by pharmacy professionals in India: Lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic and the way forward.

The COVID-19 pandemic highlights the importance of Emergency Preparedness & Response (EP&R) education, training, capacity building and infrastructure development in India. During the pandemic, pharmacy professionals (PPs) in India have continued to provide medications, supplies and services. India's public-private healthcare system is complex and of variable quality.

Assessment of core capacities for antimicrobial stewardship practices in indian hospitals: Report from a multicentric initiative of global health security agenda.

Introduction: Antimicrobial-resistant HAI (Healthcare associated infection) are a global challenge due to their impact on patient outcome. Implementation of antimicrobial stewardship programmes (AMSP) is needed at institutional and national levels. Assessment of core capacities for AMSP is an important starting point to initiate nationwide AMSP.

Influence of ferulic acid consumption in ameliorating the cadmium-induced liver and renal oxidative damage in rats.

The aim of this study relates to the modulatory role of ferulic acid (FA) against cadmium (Cd)-induced oxidative stress in the liver and kidney of male Wistar albino rats. Cd is an extremely toxic industrial and environmental pollutant and is well known for its varied toxic clinical manifestations. FA is a derivative of curcumin and a ubiquitous phenolic compound having a wide range of therapeutic activities.

Isolation, characterization, and therapeutic activity of bergenin from marlberry (Ardisia colorata Roxb.) leaf on diabetic testicular complications in Wistar albino rats.

Bergenin is one of the phytochemical constituents in marlberry (Ardisia colorata Roxb.) having antioxidant, anti-diabetic, and anti-inflammatory properties. A.

Generalized estimating equation approach for analyzing the effects of metal-derived products on survival and hatching of zebrafish embryos.

Zebrafish embryos are widely used as a model to monitor the effect of chemicals on their survival and hatching at different time epochs. This experimental design generates longitudinal data in which the observations for a given subject are correlated and they are statistically independent across the subjects. This particular nature of the observations suggests the use of generalized estimating equation (GEE) methodology for performing meaningful statistical analysis.

Is mode of presentation of B3 breast core biopsies (screen-detected or symptomatic) a distinguishing factor in the final histopathologic result or risk of diagnosis of malignancy?

Background: The relation between histopathologic subclassification and mode of patient presentation (with a screen-detected vs. symptomatic lesion) with an abnormality in the breast core biopsy classified as having uncertain malignant potential (B3) has not been previously examined. We compared the histopathologic subclassification of these lesions and the frequency of malignancy in screen-detected and symptomatic patient groups.

Superior vena cava and innominate vein dimensions in growing children : an aid for interventional devices and transvenous leads.

Transvenous (TV) pacing and defibrillation leads are frequently implanted in children as part of treatment for various congenital and acquired rhythm abnormalities. However, the lead-vascular endothelial interaction is not a benign process and is associated with a risk of progressive venous obstruction. Often, this obstruction requires surgical or interventional relief.

DNA damage is an early event in doxorubicin-induced cardiac myocyte death.

Anthracyclines are antitumor agents the main clinical limitation of which is cardiac toxicity. The mechanism of this cardiotoxicity is thought to be related to generation of oxidative stress, causing lethal injury to cardiac myocytes. Although protein and lipid oxidation have been documented in anthracycline-treated cardiac myocytes, DNA damage has not been directly demonstrated.

Role of plasma B-type natriuretic peptide in screening for hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus in preterm neonates.

Background: B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) is a hormone secreted by the ventricles under hemodynamic stress and congestive failure.

Objective: The objective of the present study was to evaluate whether BNP can be used as a valid screening test for the presence of a hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (hsPDA) in the preterm neonate.

Materials And Methods: This was a prospective blinded study involving preterm neonates with birth weights View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Is it safe to perform cardiac catheterizations on adults with congenital heart disease in a pediatric catheterization laboratory?

Objective: To determine the complication rate during the catheterization in adults with congenital heart disease (CHD) in a pediatric catheterization laboratory (PCL).

Background: An increasing number of patients with CHD are surviving into adulthood, with diagnostic and interventional cardiac catheterization being essential for the management of their disease. The complication rate during the catheterization of adults with CHD has not been reported.

Developmental changes in sinus node function in growing children: an updated analysis.

Sinus node dysfunction (SAND) may be congenital or acquired following injury or surgery for congenital heart lesions. Sinus node function is evaluated by electrophysiological (EP) parameters of corrected sinus node recovery time (CSNRT) and sinoatrial conduction time (SACT). The aim of this study was to determine age- and gender-specific values for CSNRT and SACT in pediatric patients without structural congenital heart disease.