Viral infections of the central nervous system.

Viral infections of the central nervous system in the tropical countries of Asia and the Indian subcontinent are different from those of the Western and developed world. Many of the endemic and epidemic encephalitides that are prevalent in these regions, such as Japanese encephalitis, have characteristic findings on imaging, especially on magnetic resonance imaging, allowing a rapid diagnosis and differentiation from clinically similar syndromes. Other emerging viral infections in the region in recent years have posed new challenges.

Moyamoya disease with neuro-ophthalmic manifestations: a rare case report.

Moyamoya (meaning a hazy puff of smoke) disease (MMD) is a rare, idiopathic, persistent, occlusive cerebrovascular disease involving bilateral progressive stenosis or occlusion of a terminal portion of the internal carotid artery, or a proximal portion of the anterior cerebral arteries and the middle cerebral arteries. There are irregular perforating vascular networks (moyamoya vessels), seen in the base of the brain, which produce magnetic resonance images of this 'puff of smoke' condition. Although MMD is prevalent mostly in Japan, it is also occasionally seen outside Asia.