Perfusion MRI in Cerebral Venous and Sinus Thrombosis.

Background And Purpose: Cerebral venous and sinus thrombosis (CVST) leads to perfusion abnormality in the brain. Our aim was to assess perfusion abnormalities in the center and periphery of the parenchymal lesion in CVST patients and correlate with the clinical outcome.

Materials And Methods: Dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) perfusion imaging was performed in patients with CVST.

Shoulder Dysfunction and Quality of Life Following Modified Radical and Selective Neck Dissection: A Prospective Comparative Study.

Head and neck cancers are fairly common in India due to the widespread consumption of tobacco and neck dissection is a major component in the surgical management. The objective of this study is to analyze the effect of MRND and SND on shoulder function and quality of life in patients of head and neck cancer. Our study is a prospective comparative study on 65 head and neck cancer patients divided into 2 groups-33 in group A (MRND group) and 32 in group B (SND group).

Correlation between Vertebral Marrow Fat Fraction in MRI Using DIXON Technique and BMD in DXA in Patients of Suspected Osteoporosis.

 Osteoporosis is a common metabolic bone disease accounting for low back pain (LBP). It is diagnosed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a routine investigation for LBP, is also sensitive to detect fat fraction (FF) of the vertebral body that increases with increasing age.

A Study of Diffusion Tensor Imaging in Central Post-Stroke Pain: Traveling Beyond the Pain Pathways.

Introduction: Central post-stroke pain (CPSP), seen in the aftermath of a stroke, is an underdiagnosed entity but quite a disabling complication. All the postulated theories regarding the pathogenesis of CPSP point to its origin in the central pain pathways. However, this study attempts to demonstrate the role of other contributing areas in the generation of CPSP.

Guillain-Barre syndrome as the initial presentation of systemic lupus erythematosus: Case report with a systematic and literature review.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) can affect multiple systems in which central nervous system (CNS) involvement is common, but peripheral nervous system involvement is also increasingly being recognized. Guillian-Barre syndrome (GBS) as the first manifestation of SLE has been reported, but rare and not well understood. A 39-year female presented with GBS-like illness but on evaluation found to have features of SLE.

Diffusion-Weighted Imaging and Chemical Shift Imaging to Differentiate Benign and Malignant Vertebral Lesion: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study.

 The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and chemical shift imaging (CSI) for the differentiation of benign and malignant vertebral lesions.  Patients with vertebral lesions underwent routine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) along with DWI and CSI. Qualitative analysis of the morphological features was done by routine MRI.

Equipotency of lacosamide to levetiracetam in new onset focal epilepsy: A randomized controlled trial.

Objectives: Levetiracetam (LEV) is a well-established broad spectrum antiseizure medication (ASM) effective in focal, generalized, and myoclonic seizures whereas lacosamide (LCM) is a comparatively newer ASM currently approved only as an add-on agent in focal seizures. The aim of the study was to assess the efficacy and the tolerability of oral LCM as monotherapy in adult people with epilepsy (PWE) with new onset focal onset epilepsy compared with those receiving LEV.

Materials And Methods: In this open-label single-center non-inferiority trial, PWE aged between 16 and 65 years suffering from new onset focal seizures, with or without secondary generalization were put on LCM monotherapy or LEV monotherapy.

A Study of Organophosphorus Induced Delayed Myelopathy: Uncommon Sequelae of a Common Poisoning.

Introduction: Organophosphorus (OP) compounds, with their lipophilicity, are responsible for a spectrum comprising of acute cholinergic symptoms, intermediate syndrome, as well as delayed neurological sequelae in the form of OP-induced delayed neuropathy and subsequently, myeloneuropathy with predominantly thoracic cord affection, manifested on partial recovery of the neuropathy. The pathogenesis of this myeloneuropathy in humans is still not well perceived.

Aim Of Study: To determine the onset and course of development of delayed myeloneuropathy in patients of OP poisoning.

Multidetector computed tomography evaluation of normal thymus and variations with age.

Background: Thymus is a T-cell-producing lymphoid organ that appears prominent in the paediatric population and involutes in size with ageing. The gland shows a wide variety of appearances across different age groups. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the computed tomography (CT) appearance of thymus gland in the normal population with a focus on size, CT attenuation and fatty infiltration in different age groups.

Super refractory status epilepticus as a possible manifestation of COVID-19 disease.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is one of the worst pandemics in history, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2, a novel zoonotic coronavirus. COVID-19 disease can present from asymptomatic or mild infection to rapidly progressive, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and death. Neurological presentation is not so uncommon now.

Diagnostic Accuracy of Ocular Ultrasonography in Identifying Raised Intracranial Pressure among Pediatric Population.

Introduction: Role of CT scan, MRI, ophthalmoscopy, direct monitoring by a transducer probe in identifying raised intracranial pressure (ICP) in emergency department is limited. There are few studies correlating elevated optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) measured by point of care ultrasound (POCUS) with raised ICP in pediatrics emergencies. We studied the diagnostic accuracy of ONSD, crescent sign, and optic disc elevation in identifying increased ICP in pediatrics.

MRI of wrist and diffusion tensor imaging of the median nerve in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome.

Objectives: Diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is based on the clinical symptoms and nerve conduction study. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is non-invasive objective tool for assessing the median nerve and carpal tunnel. The purpose of this study was to evaluate MRI changes in patients with CTS, and compare them with healthy subjects.

Spontaneous Spinal Epidural Hematoma in a Near-term Pregnant Patient.

Introduction: Spontaneous development of spinal epidural hematoma (SEH) is rare condition with acute presentation and usually associated with some predisposing factors. Early diagnosis and management of SEH are very important because of the risk of permanent neurological deficit.

Case Report: Here, we report a rare case of SEH in young pregnant female at 35 week of gestation who presented with short history of paraplegia that was diagnosed on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and treated successfully with delivery of the baby by caesarean section and release of cord compression by laminectomy.

Comparison of post contrast fluid attenuated inversion recovery, 3D T1-SPACE, and T1W MRI sequences with fat suppression in the diagnosis of infectious meningitis.

Objective: To assess the usefulness of post contrast Fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR), 3D T1-SPACE, and T1W magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences with fat suppression in diagnosis of infectious meningitis.

Methods: 75 patients with clinical suspicion of meningitis were evaluated with post contrast FLAIR (PC-FLAIR), post contrast T1-SPACE (PC-T1-SPACE), and post contrast T1WI (PC-T1WI). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of individual sequences were assessed.

Sleep quality evaluation, correlation with headache frequency, and propensity to conversion from episodic to chronic daily headache in migraine patients: A cross-sectional study.

Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the association between sleep quality with headache frequency in migraine patients and also to evaluate migraine trigger and non-headache symptoms in episodic and chronic migraine groups and evaluation of the same in poor and good sleepers (GSs) in migraine population.

Materials And Methods: In a cross-sectional and observational study in a tertiary care hospital of East India between January 2018 and September 2020, migraine patients were evaluated. Migraine patients were divided into two groups: Episodic migraine (EM) and chronic migraine (CM) group according to ICHD 3 b classification and into poor sleepers (PSs, Global Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index [PSQI] >5) and GSs (Global PSQI ≤5).

Craniospinal MRI Findings in Neuromelioidosis.

Background: Melioidosis is a bacterial infection caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei that is endemic in Southeast Asia, northern Australia, and Africa. Neurological involvement is rare and reported in 3-5% of total cases.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to report a series of cases of melioidosis with neurological involvement and a brief review of the literature.

Vascular Manifestations of Tuberculous Meningitis: MR Angiography and Venography Study.

 The purpose of this study is to evaluate magnetic resonance (MR) angiography (MRA) and venography (MRV) findings in tuberculous meningitis (TBM).  Thirty consecutive patients of clinically diagnosed TBM were enrolled. Apart from T2-weighted imaging, T1-weighted imaging (T1WI), diffusion-weighted imaging, susceptibility-weighted imaging, fluid-attenuated inversion recovery, and postcontrast T1WI, time-of-flight (TOF) MRA and postcontrast MRV were done in all the patients.

Factors predicting perioperative outcomes in patients with myasthenia gravis or thymic neoplasms undergoing thymectomy by video-assisted thoracoscopic approach.

Background: The purpose of this study was to identify the factors which predict the perioperative outcomes after video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) thymectomy in patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) or thymic neoplasms.

Patients And Methods: Data of consecutive patients who had undergone VATS thymectomy in our institution from August 2016 to April 2018 were collected retrospectively from a prospectively maintained database followed by prospective recruitment of patients who underwent VATS thymectomy from April 2018 to February 2020.

Results: A total of 31 patients were included.

Recurrent Spontaneous Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks at Multiple Levels.

Intracranial hypotension due to multiple spinal epidural cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak is rare and has multiple etiologies. These patients require epidural blood patches (EBP). We report a patient with recurrent paraplegia due to intracranial hypotension following recurrent epidural CSF leak.

Advances in the Understanding of Pathophysiology of TTH and its Management.

Background: Tension-type headache (TTH) is the most common form of primary headache.

Objective: The aim of this study was to document and summarize the advances in the understanding of TTH in terms of pathogenesis and management.

Material And Methods: We reviewed the available literature on the pathogenesis and management of TTH by searches of PubMed between 1969 and October 2020, and references from relevant articles.