Oleoresin Capsicum (OC) Spray: An Assessment of Respiratory Health and its Management Following Accidental and Deliberate Exposures.

Introduced into law enforcement in 1976, the oleoresin capsicum (OC) spray has been labeled as one of the most significant and radical developments in law enforcement. However, epidemiological research on OC health effects is deficient, receiving little public support. The major responses to acute exposure to OC spray can be found in the pulmonary system.

Optimization and establishment of laboratory rearing conditions for Cimex lectularius L. against variable temperature and relative humidity.

Emerging infestations of bed bugs are affecting normal human lifestyle globally. This study has been designed to optimize the rearing conditions for Cimex lectularius L. (Hemiptera), to support the scientific research on them.

Toxicological evaluation of a nonlethal riot control combinational formulation upon dermal application using animal models.

Numerous adverse effects on human health have been reported in epidemiological studies of oleoresin capsicum (OC) and other riot control agents (RCAs). Importantly, the daunting risk of such RCAs can be neutralized by optimizing the desired concentration of such agents for mob dispersal. Hence, a nonlethal riot control combinational formulation (NCF) was prepared for dispersing rioters without imparting fatal outcomes.

Time series forecasting for uni- variant data using hybrid GA-OLSTM model and performance evaluations.

Time series forecasting of uni-variant rainfall data is done using a hybrid genetic algorithm integrated with optimized long-short term memory (GA-OLSTM) model. The parameters included for the valuation of the efficiency of the considered model, were mean square error (MSE), root mean square error (RMSE), cosine similarity (CS) and correlation coefficient (). With various epochs like 5, 10, 15 and 20, the optimal window size and the number of units were observed using the GA search algorithm which was found to be (49, 9), (12, 8), (40, 8), and (36, 2) respectively.

Assessment of toxicological consequences upon acute inhalation exposure to chemically improvised nonlethal riot control combinational formulation (NCF) containing oleoresin capsicum and skatole.

Sensory irritation is an acute adverse effect leading to temporary disability posed by riot control agents in various deployable forms are utilized by defense personal in violent mob attacks but their irreversible toxic effects and risk assessment have been a matter of concern. These intimidating risks of available riot control agents have led to exploring the pulmonary toxicity profile of the oil in water emulsion formulation developed for vicious crowd controls containing an irritant oleoresin capsicum, a malodorant (skatole), and a commercial dye, followed by characterization using standard methods. Nonlethal riot control combinational formulation (NCF) has been aimed to be the best possible low-lethal alternative for riot control measures.

Crosstalk between AdipoR1/AdipoR2 and Nrf2/HO-1 signal pathways activated by β-caryophyllene suppressed the compound 48/80 induced pseudo-allergic reactions.

Mast cell activation is initiated by two signalling pathways: immunoglobulin E (IgE)-dependent and IgE-independent pathway. It is reported that the IgE-independent type or pseudo-allergy pathway gets activated by G-protein-dependent activation of the mast cell. Recently, adiponectin (APN) receptors, AdipoR1, and AdipoR2 have been identified as G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs).

Frostbite: Current status and advancements in therapeutics.

Frostbite is a severe ischemic injury which occurs due to the tissue vascular damage after sub-zero temperature tissue exposure. Deep frostbite can result in necrosis and may need amputation of affected tissue. Though a serious injury, it is not very well understood, and further scientific exploration is needed.

Design, development and assessment of an essential oil based slow release vaporizer against mosquitoes.

Mosquitoes (Diptera; Culicidae) are a biting nuisance and are of economic and health importance, especially for people living in tropical countries like India. Given the environmental concerns and health hazards of synthetic insecticides, development of natural products for the control of mosquito and mosquito-borne diseases are needed. In view of this, an essential oil based novel liquid vaporizer formulation with citronella and eucalyptus oils has been developed using a computer aided Artificial Neural Network and Particle Swarm Optimization (ANN-PSO) algorithm approach, aiming to predict the best optimized formulation (OF).

Amelioration from the ocular irritant Capsaicin: development and assessment of a Capsazepine gel system for ocular delivery.

Background: Defense personnel utilize capsaicin-based ocular sprays as non-lethal agents for law implementation during instances of mob violence. This study involves the capsaicin antagonist Capsazepine and the investigation of whether Capsazepine's antagonistic approach can be favorably utilized for defense utilization to block capsaicin-initiated pain and inflammation via the ocular pathway.

Research Design And Methods: Ocular capsazepine gels were prepared with polymers Pluronic F-127 and Chitosan; optimized formulation was quantified in ocular tissues chromatographically and by live ocular imaging; anti-inflammatory efficacy was determined by eye irritation testing, corneal and retinal imaging, ocular prostaglandin estimation, and by viability and proliferation testing using human ocular cell lines, etc.

Exploration of cytotoxic and genotoxic endpoints following sub-chronic oral exposure to titanium dioxide nanoparticles.

Health hazards of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO-NPs) have raised severe concerns because of the paucity of information regarding the toxic effects among the population. In the present research, the and cytotoxic potential of TiO-NPs were evaluated using flow cytometric techniques. Further, and genotoxic endpoints were estimated by means of comet, micronucleus (MN), and chromosomal aberration (CA) assays.

Protective effect of a topical sunscreen formulation fortified with melatonin against UV-induced photodermatitis: an immunomodulatory effect via NF-κB suppression.

Melatonin and pumpkin seed oil, along with US FDA approved UV filters were incorporated into a formulation for enhancement of UV protection by exerting an antioxidant effect. The objective of this study was to assess the protective effect of this formulation against ultraviolet (UV) radiation-induced photo dermatitis in rats, which is an established model to study the aetiopathogenic mechanisms in psoriasis vulgaris, as the former exhibits the same features to those of clinical psoriasis vulgaris in humans. The animals were segregated into five groups (6/group) and all received their respective formulations dermally prior to chronic UV irradiation for 28 days.

Graphene Family of Nanomaterials: Reviewing Advanced Applications in Drug delivery and Medicine.

Graphene in nano form has proven to be one of the most remarkable materials. It has a single atom thick molecular structure and it possesses exceptional physical strength, electrical and electronic properties. Applications of the Graphene Family of Nanomaterials (GFNs) in different fields of therapy have emerged, including for targeted drug delivery in cancer, gene delivery, antimicrobial therapy, tissue engineering and more recently in more diseases including HIV.

Biocompatible high performance hyperbranched epoxy/clay nanocomposite as an implantable material.

Polymeric biomaterials are in extensive use in the domain of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. High performance hyperbranched epoxy is projected here as a potential biomaterial for tissue regeneration. Thermosetting hyperbranched epoxy nanocomposites were prepared with Homalomena aromatica rhizome oil-modified bentonite as well as organically modified montmorillonite clay.

Comparative hematoxicity of fusirium mycotoxin in experimental sprague-dawley rats.

Mycotoxins are fungal toxin and contaminated to human through food-stuffs. Hematological abnormality, mainly thrombocytopenia and leukopenia are induced after consumption of mycotoxin. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the hematotoxicity of trichothecenes mycotoxins in Sprague-Dawley rats.

Acute and subchronic dermal toxicity of Vitex negundo essential oil.

Vitex negundo is a common herb in different herbal formulation. The potential acute and sub-chronic dermal toxicities were evaluated as per OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) guidelines 402 and 411, respectively. Both sexes of Wistar rats were exposed to Vitex negundo oil of 2000 mg/kg body weight for acute dermal toxicity, whereas in the dermal sub-chronic toxicity study, rats were exposed to Vitex negundo oil 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg body weight, respectively, for five times a week for 90 d.

Influence of process variables on essential oil microcapsule properties by carbohydrate polymer-protein blends.

Carbohydrate polymer-protein blends Zanthoxylum limonella oil (ZLO) loaded microcapsules were prepared by multiple emulsion solvent evaporation technology and the influence of various processing variables on the properties of ZLO loaded microcapsules were examined systematically. It was found that the internal aqueous alginate phase volume, external aqueous gelatin phase volume and concentration of surfactant in external aqueous gelatin phase have a significant influence on microcapsules properties. The essential oil-loaded microcapsules were smooth and spherical in shape as revealed by scanning electron micrograph.

Vitex negundo inhibits cyclooxygenase-2 inflammatory cytokine-mediated inflammation on carrageenan-induced rat hind paw edema.

Background: Vitex negundo L. (Verbenaceae) is a hardy plant widely distributed in the Indian subcontinent and used for treatment of a wide spectrum of health disorders in traditional and folk medicine, some of which have been experimentally validated. In present study, we aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of V.

Effects of water deprivation on behavioral Changes in BALB/c mice in hot humid climate of north east India.

Aim: Abnormalities in water balance are manifested as hyponatremia and hypernatremia and the present investigation shows the effect of water deprivation in hot and humid climatic condition of north eastern part of India.

Methods: Twenty four BALB/c mice of either sex (weight 30-40 g) were used for a 13-week experiment to determine the effects of water deprivation on behavioral and physiological changes. Mice were divided into control group (I) (n = 8), given water ad libitum, water-deprivation male group (15 ml/day) (Group II, n=8) and water-deprivation female group (15 ml/day) (Group III, n=8).