The Effect of Influenza Vaccination on Mortality and Risk of Hospitalization in Patients With Heart Failure: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: Influenza is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients diagnosed with heart failure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of influenza vaccination in this population in terms of reduction in all-cause mortality and rate of hospitalization.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis using PubMed and EMBASE entries from January of 2000 through April 2018.

The microbiological and clinical characteristics of invasive salmonella in gallbladders from cholecystectomy patients in kathmandu, Nepal.

Gallbladder carriage of invasive Salmonella is considered fundamental in sustaining typhoid fever transmission. Bile and tissue was obtained from 1,377 individuals undergoing cholecystectomy in Kathmandu to investigate the prevalence, characteristics and relevance of invasive Salmonella in the gallbladder in an endemic area. Twenty percent of bile samples contained a Gram-negative organism, with Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi A isolated from 24 and 22 individuals, respectively.