Strengthening of District/Taluk Level Hospitals Through Implementation of Post-graduate Medical Courses in Karnataka, India.

The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the requirement of human resource for health (HRH) stands at 44.5 skilled health workers per 10,000 population. WHO recognizes India as one of the countries which has HRH crisis.

Determinants of severity among hospitalised COVID-19 patients: Hospital-based case-control study, India, 2020.

Background: Risk factors for the development of severe COVID-19 disease and death have been widely reported across several studies. Knowledge about the determinants of severe disease and mortality in the Indian context can guide early clinical management.

Methods: We conducted a hospital-based case control study across nine sites in India to identify the determinants of severe and critical COVID-19 disease.

Indian Public Health Students' Perspectives on Global Health Education.

Global health discipline is of increasing interest for educators and students in public health across the world. Public health education is recently gaining momentum in India, but global health is still at an embryonic stage. Value of students as stakeholders in curriculum development is increasingly recognized but literature about perspectives of public health students regarding global health education is limited.

The need to focus on medical education in rural districts of India.

Background: . Globally, India has the highest number of medical colleges followed by Brazil and China. The density of physicians in rural India was 3 per 10 000 population against 13 per 10 000 in urban areas.

Socio-demographic and socioeconomic differences in tobacco use prevalence among Indian youth.

The study aims to assess the association between socio-demographic factors such as age, gender, area of residence, father's education, and standard of living and the likelihood of tobacco use in adolescence. We conducted secondary data analysis on a large scale cross-sectional study comprising of 1386 adolescents, living in regions representative of three different socioeconomic positions in New Delhi. Data was collected through clinical oral examination and interviewer-administered questionnaire.

Surgical conditions - A neglected aspect of public health: Call to action.

The burden of surgical conditions is large, though unrecognized. Surgical interventions are cost - effective, but thought to be otherwise. Investments aimed at including surgery at primary care level are affordable.

Health Management Workforce for India in 2030.

Since its launch in the year 2005, National Rural Health Mission (NHM) has exhibited a felt need for health management training in India against the background of a shortfall of trained public health managers in the country. In India's context, health (hospital) management professionals are those, who are working in the health sector, belonging to medical and non-medical backgrounds and are trained in health (hospital) management/administration programs or other public health programs (for e.g.

Sputum smear grading and treatment outcome among directly observed treatment-short course patients of tuberculosis unit, Jagdalpur, Bastar.

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major global health problem. In 2014, worldwide, 1.5 million deaths were reported from TB.

How Do Masters of Public Health Programs Teach Monitoring and Evaluation?

Introduction: The health systems in developing countries face challenges because of deficient monitoring and evaluation (M&E) capacity with respect to their knowledge, skills, and practices. Strengthening M&E training in public health education can help overcome the gaps in M&E capacity. There is a need to advance the teaching of M&E as a core element of public health education.

Motivating and demotivating factors for community health workers: A qualitative study in urban slums of Delhi, India.

Background Community health workers play an important role in delivering health-care services, especially to underserved populations in low- and middle-income countries. They have been shown to be successful in providing a range of preventive, promotive and curative services. This qualitative study investigated the factors motivating or demotivating community health workers in urban settings in Delhi, India.

Local self governance in health - a study of it's functioning in Odisha, India.

Background: Local decision making is linked to several service quality improvement parameters. Rogi Kalyan Samitis (RKS) at peripheral decision making health units (DMHU) are composite bodies that are mandated to ensure accountability and transparency in governance, improve quality of services, and facilitate local responsiveness. There is scant literature on the nature of functioning of these institutions in Odisha.

Does decentralization influence efficiency of health units? A study of opinion and perception of health workers in Odisha.

Background: Health systems in low and middle income countries are struggling to improve efficiency in the functioning of health units of which workforce is one of the most critical building blocks. In India, Rogi Kalyan Samiti (RKS) was established at every health unit as institutions of local decision making in order to improve productive efficiency and quality. Measuring efficiency of health units is a complex task.

Occupational health training in India: Need for a competency-driven approach.

Background: In order to cater to the changing business scenario, employment and education profiles of labor, newer occupations, and emerging occupational health challenges, it is time to improve the performance of occupational health professionals by adapting core professional competencies while drawing on global knowledge.

Objective: To delineate the competencies required for medical graduates, medical postgraduates, and Masters in Public Health (MPH) graduates practicing occupational health in India.

Materials And Methods: First, offline and online literature searches were carried out to enlist the core competencies for occupational health.

Role of the private sector in vaccination service delivery in India: evidence from private-sector vaccine sales data, 2009-12.

Background: India's Universal Immunization Programme (UIP) provides basic vaccines free-of-cost in the public sector, yet national vaccination coverage is poor. The Government of India has urged an expanded role for the private sector to help achieve universal immunization coverage. We conducted a state-by-state analysis of the role of the private sector in vaccinating Indian children against each of the six primary childhood diseases covered under India's UIP.

Building Interdisciplinary Leadership Skills among Health Practitioners in the Twenty-First Century: An Innovative Training Model.

Transformational learning is the focus of twenty-first century global educational reforms. In India, there is a need to amalgamate the skills and knowledge of medical, nursing, and public health practitioners and to develop robust leadership competencies among them. This initiative proposed to identify interdisciplinary leadership competencies among Indian health practitioners and to develop a training program for interdisciplinary leadership skills through an Innovation Collaborative.

Situational analysis of industrial hygienists in India.

Background: Industrial growth in India has resulted in increased employment opportunities thereby inflating the size of the workforce engaged in both organized and unorganized sectors. This workforce is exposed to various occupational factors at workplace and hence is susceptible to occupational diseases, the control of which requires trained occupational health manpower.

Methods: The present study was undertaken to map the institutions offering courses to develop industrial hygienist in India, estimate the requirement of such occupational health manpower and to design competencies and curriculum for such a course.

An Observational Study on the Use of IV Iron Sucrose Among Anaemic Pregnant Women in Government Healthcare Facilities from Two States of India.

Background/purpose Of The Study: In India oral iron tablets for anaemia have been distributed through the health system since many years, but there has been no significant change in the burden of anaemia. The objective of the present study was to capture the existing practices on the use of intravenous iron sucrose (an alternative treatment for anaemia) in the public health system in two states of India (Tamil Nadu and Uttar Pradesh).

Methods: An observational study in the form of a registry was maintained for 3 months at purposively chosen public health facilities in the above-mentioned states of India.

Implications of private sector Hib vaccine coverage for the introduction of public sector Hib-containing pentavalent vaccine in India: evidence from retrospective time series data.

Objective: Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine has been available in India's private sector market since 1997. It was not until 14 December 2011 that the Government of India initiated the phased public sector introduction of a Hib (and DPT, diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus)-containing pentavalent vaccine. Our objective was to investigate the state-specific coverage and behaviour of Hib vaccine in India when it was available only in the private sector market but not in the public sector.

Risk factors for acute myocardial infarction in central India: a case-control study.

Background: Atherosclerosis is a multi-factorial disease involving the interplay of genetic and environmental factors. Studies highlighting the public health importance of risk factors like chronic infections causing acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in the Indian context are scarce. This study was undertaken to study the association of socio-demographic and life-style factors with acute myocardial infarction in central India.

Does occupational health nursing exist in India?

Background: Occupational health services are important to develop healthy and productive work forces, which should be delivered through occupational health team. Occupational health nurse (OHN) is an important member of this team and is required to apply nursing principles in conserving the health of workers in occupational settings.

Purpose: This article attempts to map the occupational health nursing courses in India and design competencies and curriculum for such a course.

Future directions for public health education reforms in India.

Health systems globally are experiencing a shortage of competent public health professionals. Public health education across developing countries is stretched by capacity generation and maintaining an adequate 'standard' and 'quality' of their graduate product. We analyzed the Indian public health education scenario using the institutional and instructional reforms framework advanced by the Lancet Commission report on Education of Health Professionals.