Kidney Dimensions and its Correlation with Anthropometric Parameters in Healthy North Indian Adults.

Background: Knowledge of kidney size is important in the assessment of kidney function. Changes in kidney size can occur in various kidney diseases due to different causes, hence knowledge of normal kidney dimensions in a population is crucial for diagnosis, follow-up and prognostication. While data from other parts of the world does not apply to the Indian population due to differences in ethnicity, diet and body sizes, and there is also a lack of standardized data on normal kidney sizes in healthy Indian adults.

An analytical observational study for diagnostic accuracy of volume, conductivity & scatter (VCS) indices of neutrophils for diagnosis of sepsis in an emergency hospital setting.

Background & objectives The newer technique using an innovative volume conductivity scatter (VCS) technology is emerging as a surrogate for sepsis diagnosis. The VCS technology offers a more objective method to measure cell volume (V), characterize conductivity (C) and light scatter (S) directly from more than 8,000 white blood cells (WBCs). However, diagnostic performance of VCS parameters in sepsis has not been extensively tested in routine hospital emergency settings.

Acute Kidney Injury in Acute Myocardial Infarction and Its Outcome at 3 and 6 Months.

Epidemiological data on the prevalence of acute kidney injury (AKI) in acute coronary syndrome are sparse, with most studies having been conducted retrospectively. This study prospectively analyzed the incidence of AKI in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and to identify the risk factors for AKI and their renal outcome at 3 and 6 months. This was a prospective and observational study, which enrolled 120 patients presenting with their first episode of AMI to our hospital and consented to the study.

Orofacial Dyskinesia in Uremia in Polycystic Kidney Disease.

Uremic encephalopathy presenting as involuntary movements of the orofacial region is important to recognize because of reversibility seen with resolution of azotaemia though residual neurological dysfunction might persist. Neuroimaging is important part of diagnosis with typical lesions involving basal ganglia seen mostly in diabetic patients. Our case highlights a patient with non-diabetic uremic encephalopathy with facial dyskinesia which is rare with a lesion in unilateral lentiform nucleus and small white matter hyperintensities.

Rates and determinants of fast chronic kidney disease progression distinguished by nutritional status, and the impact of malnutrition on mortality - evidence from a clinical population.

Background & Aims: Malnutrition is a serious problem that influences morbidity, mortality, functional activity, and quality of life in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, there has not been much research done on how nutritional status appears to affect mortality in non-dialysis CKD patients. This study aimed to recognize the rates and predictors of fast CKD progression distinguished by nutritional status, and also sought to determine the impact of malnutrition on mortality in non-dialysis CKD patients.

Spectrum of Anemia in Indian children with Nephrotic Syndrome: a prospective observational study.

Unlabelled: We aimed to estimate the prevalence of anemia in children with nephrotic syndrome (NS), determine its etiology, and correlate severity with disease duration and response to steroids. This was a prospective cohort study carried from 15 July 2019-14 July 2021 at the pediatric nephrology clinic, of a teaching hospital in India. We screened children aged 3 months-18 years with NS for eligibility.

Nutritional status, symptom burden, and predictive validity of the Pt-Global web tool/PG-SGA in CKD patients: A hospital based cross sectional study.

Background: Despite not being frequently recognized, malnutrition, a consequence of chronic kidney disease, negatively affects morbidity, mortality, functional activity, and patient's quality of life. Management of this condition is made more difficult by the dearth of knowledge regarding the symptom burden brought on by inadequate nutritional status. Additionally, there are multiple tools to evaluate nutritional status in CKD; but, Pt-Global web tool/PG-SGA used in oncology, has not been investigated in chronic kidney disease patients.

Angiotensin receptor blockers for the treatment of covid-19: pragmatic, adaptive, multicentre, phase 3, randomised controlled trial.

Objective: To determine whether disrupting the renin angiotensin system with angiotensin receptor blockers will improve clinical outcomes in people with covid-19.

Design: CLARITY was a pragmatic, adaptive, multicentre, phase 3, randomised controlled trial.

Setting: 17 hospital sites in India and Australia.

Diminished PD-L1 regulation along with dysregulated T lymphocyte subsets and chemokine in ANCA-associated vasculitis.

ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) is a life-threatening disease characterized by small vessel inflammation and pathogenic self-directed antibodies. Programmed death-ligand 1 receptor (PD-1) and programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) are immune checkpoint molecules crucial for maintaining tolerance and immune homeostasis. After checkpoint inhibition therapy, development of various autoimmune diseases and immune-related adverse events (irAEs) have been observed.

Adenine phosphoribosyl transferase deficiency leads to renal allograft dysfunction in kidney transplant recipients: a systematic review.

Background: Adenine phosphoribosyl transferase (APRT) deficiency has great implications on graft survival in kidney transplant patients. This systematic review investigated the diagnostic pattern, treatment approach, and kidney transplant outcomes among kidney transplant patients with adenine phosphoribosyl transferase deficiency.

Material And Methods: Articles reporting the APRT enzyme deficiency and kidney allograft dysfunction were retrieved from PubMed/Medline, ScienceDirect, Cochrane library and Google scholar databases.

Early diagnosis of kidney injury in a paediatric population: a prospective cohort study (E-DRIP STUDY).

Background: Renal Angina Index (RAI) is a bedside tool for risk stratification of patients to predict acute kidney injury (AKI). Kidney biomarkers are better indicators of real-time injury and give us lead time for diagnosing impending AKI.

Methods: We enrolled consecutive children aged 2 months-14 years admitted to a tertiary hospital in northern India over 2 years.

Enhanced learning strategies of undergraduate medical students with a structured case presentation format.

Background: Improvement of the learning in undergraduate bedside teaching needs to be promoted through innovative interventions. Changes in the structured format (SF) for bedside case discussion may help students improve their learning experience and gain insights into collaborative self-directed learning. The aim of the present study was to encourage collaborative and self-directed learning strategies by MBBS undergraduate students through a new case presentation format structured for this purpose.

Comparison of various predictive equations for glomerular filtration rate in healthy individuals and chronic kidney disease patients from North India.

A noninvasive and accurate estimate of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is an essential prerequisite for medical professionals. In the absence of 24-h urinary creatinine clearance, various predictive equations can be utilized for estimating GFR. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted on healthy adults as well as adult chronic kidney disease (CKD) Indian population.

Sea Blue Histiocytosis Concordant With Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura.

Sea blue histiocytosis is an unusual bone marrow finding in many haematological conditions or lipid metabolic diseases that by itself may not carry any prognostic value. It may occur rarely as a primary genetic clinical syndrome characterized by splenomegaly, hypertriglyceridemia and thrombocytopenia. More commonly, the presence of these lipid-laden blue-stained macrophages indicates an underlying condition characterized by increased bone marrow precursor cell turnover due to myeloproliferative conditions or ineffective erythropoiesis.

Acute paraparesis in HIV-infected patient after initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy.

Neurological syndromes occur in around 40-70% of HIV-infected people. Direct central nervous system involvement by the virus usually manifests as HIV encephalitis, HIV leucoencephalopathy, vacuolar leucoencephalopathy or vacuolar myelopathy. Indirect involvement is usually associated with neurotropic opportunistic infections which include tuberculosis, toxoplasmosis, cryptococcosis and viral encephalitis such as herpes simplex, varicella-zoster, cytomegalovirus and Human polyomavirus 2.

The spectrum of renal diseases observed in native renal biopsies in a single North Indian tertiary care center.

We analyzed the spectrum of biopsy-proven renal disease in a single tertiary care center in North India from 2007 to 2016. A total of 420 biopsies were analyzed. Patients were excluded if clinical details were unavailable or if either the histopathology core or the IF core was inadequate.

An uncommon presentation of hyperhomocysteinemia and vitamin B deficiency: a case report.

Introduction: Cerebral venous thrombosis is relatively rare and characterized by a wide spectrum of clinical features. It is more common in young adults with women affected more than men. The diagnosis of cerebral venous thrombosis is easier nowadays due to easy access to advanced neuroimaging techniques.

Prevalence of depression and its associated factors among patients of chronic kidney disease in a public tertiary care hospital in India: A cross-sectional study.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients are at high risk of depressive disorders because of considerable psychological stress due to physical and social changes brought on by disease. The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of depression in patients with CKD and the factors affecting it at a public tertiary care hospital. This cross-sectional study was carried out at the renal clinic of a tertiary care hospital.

Successful Use of Entecavir in Hepatitis B-associated Membranous Nephropathy.

We report the case of a 7-year-old unimmunized boy who presented with generalized anasarca for the first time, along with nephrotic-range proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, microscopic hematuria and hypertension. Special investigations revealed ELISA test to be positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B envelope antigen (HBeAg); hepatitis B viral DNA load (HBV DNA) level (real-time polymerase chain reaction) was 54 360 903 IU/ml. For hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related glomerulopathy, he was started on enalapril and lasilactone, and percutaneous renal biopsy was performed, which revealed membranous nephropathy (MN).

Direct Cost for Treating Chronic Kidney Disease at an Outpatient Setting of a Tertiary Hospital: Evidence from a Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has a high morbidity and mortality in developing countries. And this burden is also increasing rapidly in India. Unaffordability due to high cost of medication and hemodialysis remains one of the major barriers in the successful treatment of CKD.

Evidence-based information leads to reduction in inappropriate drug prescribing: Results from Indian older inpatients.

Background: Although several guidelines for appropriate prescribing are available, inappropriate drug prescription remains noteworthy problem among older adults. Indian older patients are also not spare from this issue and existing literature indicates a fair level of inappropriate drug use (IDU).

Objectives: Identified potentially IDU and documented their reduction based on provided evidence-based information and also identified possible predictors of IDU in older inpatients.