The Detection of , and in Non-Atherosclerotic Arteries of Patients with Coronary Artery Disease.

Atherosclerotic coronary artery disease (ACAD) is a major cause of global morbidity and mortality, characterized as an inflammatory process due to damage to blood vessel walls by risk factors like aging, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, smoking, and diabetes. Infectious agents, including (Cpn), Cytomegalovirus (CMV), and (HP), have been implicated in ACAD's pathophysiology. A study with 56 subjects undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) aimed to detect Cpn, CMV, and HP DNA in unaffected artery segments and explore associations with disease progression and inflammation markers.

Markers of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Mucinous Histology Are Significant Predictors of Disease Severity and Tumor Characteristics in Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer.

Approximately 20% of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) are diagnosed with a mucinous subtype of this tumor, have a worse prognosis, and often show resistance to available therapies. Molecules from the mucin family are involved in the regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which significantly determines the cancer aggressiveness. This study aimed to examine the diagnostic and prognostic significance of mucinous histology and EMT markers in patients with early-onset CRC and their association with disease severity and tumor characteristics.

Myopericytoma/myofibroma as a stromal component of mixed epithelial and stromal tumor of the kidney: A case report.

Mixed epithelial and stromal tumors (MESTs) of the kidney are rare renal neoplasms, primarily affecting middle-aged women. These tumors are characterized by a mix of epithelial and stromal components. While generally benign, MESTs require accurate diagnosis and appropriate management due to the potential for malignant transformation.

Comparable Toxicity of Surface-Modified TiO Nanoparticles: An In Vivo Experimental Study on Reproductive Toxicity in Rats.

Nanoparticles (NPs), a distinct class of particles ranging in size from 1 to 100 nm, are one of the most promising technologies of the 21st century, and titanium dioxide NPs (TiO NPs) are among the most widely produced and used NPs globally. The increased application of TiO NPs raises concerns regarding their global safety and risks of exposure. Many animal studies have reported the accumulation of TiO NPs in female reproductive organs; however, evidence of the resultant toxicity remains ambiguous.

SLUG and SNAIL as Potential Immunohistochemical Biomarkers for Renal Cancer Staging and Survival.

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the deadliest urological neoplasm. Up to date, no validated biomarkers are included in clinical guidelines for the screening and follow up of patients suffering from RCC. Slug (Snail2) and Snail (Snail1) belong to the Snail superfamily of zinc finger transcriptional factors that take part in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, a process important during embryogenesis but also involved in tumor progression.

The Utility of Mitochondrial Detection Methods Applied as an Additional Tool for the Differentiation of Renal Cell Tumors.

The precise differentiation of renal cell tumors (RCTs) is sometimes hard to achieve using standard imaging and histopathological methods, especially for those with eosinophilic features. It has been suggested that the vast overabundance of mitochondria, as a well-known hallmark of eosinophilic cytoplasm, and could be a characteristic of distinct tumor types with opposing clinical outcomes. Thus, we intended to explore the associations between mitochondrial distribution patterns in different RCTs, including 43 cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCCs), 15 papillary renal cell carcinomas (pRCCs), 20 chromophobe renal cell carcinomas (chRCCs), and 18 renal oncocytomas (ROs).

Immunohistochemical Pattern of Histone H2A Variant Expression in an Experimental Model of Ischemia-Reperfusion-Induced Acute Kidney Injury.

Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a frequent cause of AKI, resulting in vasoconstriction, cellular dysfunction, inflammation and the induction of oxidative stress. DNA damage, including physical DNA strand breaks, is also a potential consequence of renal IRI. The histone H2A variants, primary H2AX and H2AZ participate in DNA damage response pathways to promote genome stability.

Matrix Metalloproteinases 2 and 9 and Their Tissue Inhibitors in the Diagnostics of Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma.

Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma (MTC) is a tumor of the neuroendocrine system. In recent years, the need to assess the MTC diagnostic-related parameters has emerged with the aim to elucidate the mechanisms involved in this pathology. The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs) 2 and 9, their tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs), S100 protein, and amyloid in the diagnostic of MTC.

Clinicopathological Relevance of PAX8 Expression Patterns in Acute Kidney Injury and Chronic Kidney Diseases.

Transcription factor PAX8, expressed during embryonic kidney development, has been previously detected in various kidney tumors. In order to investigate expression of PAX8 transcription factor in acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney diseases (CKD), immunohistochemical analysis was performed. Presence, location and extent of PAX8 expression were analyzed among 31 human kidney samples of AKI (25 autopsy cases, 5 kidney biopsies with unknown etiology and 1 AKI with confirmed myoglobin cast nephropathy), as well as in animals with induced postischemic AKI.

Effects of Automation on Sustainability of Immunohistochemistry Laboratory.

The COVID-19 pandemic that hit the world recently caused numerous changes affecting the health system in every department. Reduced staff numbers, mostly due to illness, led to an increase in automation at every stage of laboratory work. The immunohistochemistry (IHC) laboratory conducts a high volume of slide staining every day.

Immunohistochemical expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p16 and p57 in rhabdomyosarcoma.

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a highly malignant cancer and is the most common soft tissue sarcoma in children and adolescents, but it is rare in adults (<1% of all adult malignancies). Altered expression and molecular abnormalities of cell-cycle-regulatory proteins are one of the most prominent features in RMS. Therefore, we evaluated the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p57 and p16, as well as p16 methylation status, along with clinicopathological characteristics and overall survival (OS) in RMS patients.

Oxidopamine and oxidative stress: Recent advances in experimental physiology and pharmacology.

Oxidopamine (6-hydroxydopamine, 6-OHDA) is a toxin commonly used for the creation of experimental animal models of Parkinson's disease, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, and Lesch-Nyhan syndrome. Its exact mechanism of action is not completely understood, although there are many indications that it is related to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), primarily in dopaminergic neurons. In certain experimental conditions, oxidopamine may also cause programmed cell death via various signaling pathways.

The Fractal and GLCM Textural Parameters of Chromatin May Be Potential Biomarkers of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma in Hashimoto's Thyroiditis Specimens.

Occasionally, Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) share similar nuclear features. The current study aims to quantify the differences between the investigated specimens of HT-associated PTC versus the HT alone, to reduce the subjective experience of an observer, by the use of fractal parameters as well as gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) textural parameters. We have analyzed 250 segmented nuclei per group (nn = 25 per patient and np = 10 patients per group) using the ImageJ software (NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA) as well as an in-house written code for the GLCM analysis.

The effect of antioxidant status on overall survival in renal cell carcinoma.

Introduction: The oxidative stress contributes to all three phases of carcinogenesis and represents a concomitant condition in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). RCC is the most common type of neoplasm of the kidney, and despite numerous studies the set of predictive and prognostic markers of survival are still unknown. The aim of our study was to examine the relation between antioxidant (AO) status and overall survival (OS) in RCC patients.

Pioglitazone attenuates kidney injury in an experimental model of gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats.

Gentamicin, belonging to the aminoglycosides, possesses the greatest nephrotoxic effect of all other antibiotics from this group. On the other hand, pioglitazone, which represents peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) agonist recently showed antiinflamatory, antioxidative effects, amelioration of endothelial dysfunction etc. Therefore, the goal of our study was to investigate the effects of pioglitazone on kidney injury in an experimental model of gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats.

Cyclin D1 and p57 expression in relation to clinicopathological characteristics and overall survival in patients with renal cell carcinoma.

Purpose: There is a need for identifying molecular prognostic biomarkers to better predict clinical outcomes in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). This study investigated the pattern of cyclin D1 and p57 expression in RCC patients and evaluated their relation with clinicopathological characteristics and overall survival (OS).

Methods: Immunohistochemistry was applied to paraffin-embedded tissue sections of 74 RCC patients.

Immunohistochemical analysis of cyclin A expression in Wilms tumor.

Background: Cyclin A overexpression is found in a variety of human tumors and correlates with unfavorable outcome. We analyzed immunohistochemical expression of cyclin A in Wilms tumor (WT) in relation to clinicopathological characteristics, preoperative chemotherapy (PrOpChTh), and overall survival (OS).

Methods: This retrospective study involved 43 patients who underwent nephrectomy from January 1996 to October 2010.

HTERT promoter methylation and single nucleotide polymorphism (-245 T>C) affect renal cell carcinoma behavior in Serbian population.

Purpose: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common renal cancer in adults and includes several subtypes that may be distinguished by their histology, genetic background, clinical course and responses to treatment. Human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), a crucial enzyme for telomere maintenance, has been linked to RCC development. The purpose of this study was to search for genetic and epigenetic alterations in hTERT (promoter mutations and methylation and gene amplification), and to establish a possible association between molecular and clinico-pathological characteristics of RCC.

The influence of obesity-related factors in the etiology of renal cell carcinoma-A mendelian randomization study.

Background: Several obesity-related factors have been associated with renal cell carcinoma (RCC), but it is unclear which individual factors directly influence risk. We addressed this question using genetic markers as proxies for putative risk factors and evaluated their relation to RCC risk in a mendelian randomization (MR) framework. This methodology limits bias due to confounding and is not affected by reverse causation.

Immunohistochemical expression of proliferative markers in renal cell carcinoma.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate into the expression of cyclin A and telomerase in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and to analyze the relationship between expression and the clinicopathological characteristics of the tumor and their impact on survival.

Methods: The overall material included 74 samples of RCC and 4 of normal renal tissue. Primary cyclin A antibody from Santa Cruz Biotechnology and TERT MA5-16034 antibody from Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc were used.

Concomitance of Polymorphisms in Glutathione Transferase Omega Genes Is Associated with Risk of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma.

Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), a superfamily of multifunctional enzymes, play an important role in the onset and progression of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, novel GST omega class (GSTO), consisting of GSTO1-1 and GSTO2-2 isoenzymes, has not been studied in RCC yet. Two coding single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) supposedly affect their functions: GSTO1*C419A (rs4925) causing alanine to aspartate substitution (*A140D) and GSTO2*A424G (rs156697) causing asparagine to aspartate substitution (*N142D), and have been associated with several neurodegenerative diseases and cancers.

Clinicopathological characteristics and survival in Serbian patients with renal cell carcinoma: a retrospective analysis.

Purpose: Indications of kidney cancer outcome in lowerincome countries are based on an incidence/mortality ratio due to lack of survival information. This study was conducted to provide outcome data in Serbian patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and to identify prognostic factors that could affect their overall survival (OS).

Methods: This retrospective study included 185 patients who underwent nephrectomy.

Immunohistochemical study of cyclin A and p16 expression in patients with renal cell carcinoma.

Purpose: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common malignant kidney tumor in adults. Dysregulation of the cell cycle can lead to cancer development. In this study, the mitosis-associated cyclin A and p16, a negative controller, were investigated as potential key points in the RCC development.

Postnatal Developmental Changes in Fractal Complexity of Giemsa-Stained Chromatin in Mice Spleen Follicular Cells.

Although there are numerous recent works focusing on fractal properties of DNA and chromatin, many issues regarding changes in chromatin fractality during physiological aging remain unclear. In this study, we present results indicating that in mice, there is an age-related reduction of chromatin fractal complexity in a population of spleen follicular cells (SFCs). Spleen tissue was obtained from 16 mice and fixated in Carnoy solution.