Effect of Fluridone on Roots and Leaf Buds Development in Stem Cuttings of (L.) 'Tortuosa' and Related Metabolic and Physiological Traits.

The herbicide fluridone (1-methyl-3-phenyl-5-[3-trifluoromethyl (phenyl)]-4(1H)-pyridone) interferes with carotenoid biosynthesis in plants by inhibiting the conversion of phytoene to phytofluene. Fluridone also indirectly inhibits the biosynthesis of abscisic acid and strigolactones, and therefore, our study indirectly addresses the effect of reduced ABA on the roots and leaf buds development in stem cuttings of L. 'Tortuosa'.

The impact of global climate changes on trace and rare earth elements mobilization in emerging periglacial terrains: Insights from western shore of Admiralty Bay (King George Island, Antarctic).

In the rapidly changing climate, the biogeochemical behaviours of trace elements and Rare Earth Elements (REEs) in emerging periglacial environments assumes profound importance. This study provides pivotal insights into this dynamic by investigating the Antarctic's response to global climate change. The bedrock of King George Island is rich in REEs, with the presence of trace metals (TEs), with the highest concentrations of metals found in ornithogenic soil (∑REE 84.

Exposure to Light of the Abaxial versus Adaxial Side of Detached Leaves Affects Anthocyanin Content and Composition Differently.

The accumulation and composition of anthocyanins in leaves of , detached and kept for five days under natural light conditions, were investigated. The presence of fifteen derivatives of cyanidin, petunidin, and delphinidin was found. Changes in the content of each anthocyanin in the leaves before and after exposure to light on the abaxial (naturally upper) and adaxial (naturally lower) sides of the leaves were compared.

Distribution of Cs in the marine environment from King George Island (Southern Shetlands, maritime Antarctica).

The article presents data on the activity of the radionuclide Cs in seawater, sediment, macroalgae, and zoobenthos from different locations in Admiralty Bay, King George Island, maritime Antarctica. The activity of Cs in the macrophytobenthos remained relatively stable across species, oscillating at the level of 1 Bq kgdw. However, a few individuals exhibited higher activity, particularly at stations closer to the glacier front.

Assessing the present levels of Cs in the remote ecosystem of Bjornoya (South Svalbard).

The remoteness and small size of Bjornoya (S Svalbard) make the island one of the most unreachable places in the Arctic. Limited accessibility contributes to still-existing knowledge gap on isotope accumulation in compartments of its ecosystem. Therefore, in this study we aimed to investigate the current concentration of Cs in the terrestrial samples of vascular plants, cryptogams, and soil collected on Bjornoya in 2021.

Mercury and methylmercury in birds and marine mammals inhabiting the coastal zone of the two King George Island's bays: Admiralty and King George Bay (maritime Antarctic).

The Antarctic is particularly sensitive to mercury (Hg) pollution and even low levels of Hg may cause significant damage in this fragile environment. The aim of this study was to investigate routes of mercury and methylmercury (MeHg) elimination by animals inhabiting the maritime Antarctic. The results showed that organisms at the highest trophic level (elephant seal) have the highest concentrations of THg and MeHg in both excrement and fur samples.

Warning system for potential releases of chemical warfare agents from dumped munition in the Baltic Sea.

The research aimed to determine the scale of the potential contamination of the southern Baltic by substances from dumped chemical weapons, in the context of applying a strategy for detecting the potential releases of toxic materials. The research included the analysis of total arsenic in sediments, macrophytobenthos, fish, and yperite with derivatives and arsenoorganic compounds in sediments and as an integral part of the warning system the threshold values for arsenic in these matrices were set. Arsenic concentrations in sediments ranged from 11 to 18 mg kg with an increase to 30 mg kg in layers dated to 1940-1960, what was accompanied by the detection of triphenylarsine (600 mg kg).

Distribution of Sr and Cs in biotic and abiotic elements of the coastal zone of the King George Island (South Shetland Archipelago, Antarctic Peninsula).

For many years Antarctic ecosystems have been considered pristine, however recent studies, including our results, contradict this assumption. Our comprehensive study on the activity of anthropogenic radioisotopes (Cs and Sr) in the most common species of green algae, bryophytes, lichens, and vascular plants, as well as soil and guano samples collected over a large area on King George Island (South Shetland Archipelago) in the austral summer 2018/2019 clearly indicate the importance of large-scale transport in shaping the level of pollution in areas very distant from potential sources of contamination. Additionally, radioisotope pollution can be measured even after a very long period (>60 years) since their occurrence.

Accumulation of Anthocyanins in Detached Leaves of : Relevance to the Effect of Methyl Jasmonate on This Process.

Accumulation of anthocyanins in detached leaves and in excised stems of kept under natural light conditions in the presence or absence of methyl jasmonate (JA-Me) was investigated. When the abaxial surface of detached leaves was held lower than the adaxial surface (the normal or natural position) under natural light conditions, anthocyanins were not accumulated on the abaxial side of the leaves. In contrast, when the adaxial surface of detached leaves was held lower than the abaxial surface (inverted position), anthocyanins were highly accumulated on the abaxial side of the leaves.

Mercury concentration and speciation in benthic organisms from Isfjorden, Svalbard.

Polar regions are an important part of the global mercury cycle and interesting study sites due to different possible mercury sources. The full understanding of mercury transformations in the Arctic is difficult because this region is the systems in transition -where the effects of the global climate change are the most prominent. Benthic organisms can be valuable bioindicators of heavy metal contamination.

Current radioactive fallout contamination along a trans-European gradient assessed using terricolous lichens.

Lichens are considered to be good indicators of contamination of the terrestrial environment. In this study, we investigated the level of Cs and  K accumulated by Cladonia arbuscula and Stereocaulon alpinum along a longitudinal gradient from northern Norway, across Sweden to southern Poland. Additionally, we compared isotope contents between the selected lichen species, and investigated the correlation of the Cs content accumulated by C.

A Possible Mode of Action of Methyl Jasmonate to Induce the Secondary Abscission Zone in Stems of : Relevance to Plant Hormone Dynamics.

Plants can react to environmental stresses through the abscission of infected, damaged, or senescent organs. A possible mode of action of methyl jasmonate (JA-Me) to induce the formation of the secondary abscission zone (SAZ) in the stems of was investigated concerning plant hormone dynamics. Internode segments were prepared mainly from the second or third internode from the top of plants with active elongation.

Changes in Polar Metabolites Content during Natural and Methyl-Jasmonate-Promoted Senescence of Leaves.

The present study clarified changes in the contents of polar metabolites (amino acids, organic acids, saccharides, cyclitols, and phosphoric acid) in leaf senescence in with or without the application of methyl jasmonate (JA-Me) in comparison with those in naturally senescent leaf blades and petioles. The contents of most amino acids and citric and malic acids were significantly higher in abaxially, and that of -inositol was lower in abaxially JA-Me-treated leaves than in adaxially JA-Me-treated and naturally senescent leaves. The levels of succinic and fumaric acids in leaves treated adaxially substantially high, but not in naturally senescent leaves.

Benthic macroinvertebrates as reference indicators for monitoring of anthropogenic isotope Cs contamination in the marine environment.

Due to the limited studies dealing with isotopes levels in benthic macroinvertebrates other than Mytilus sp. in period 2011-2018, macroinvertebrates and seawater samples from the southern Baltic Sea were collected. Activity of Cs was measured in most common benthic macroinvertebrates inhabiting southern Baltic Sea in the context of choosing the best bioindicators.

Radiocaesium in Tricholoma spp. from the Northern Hemisphere in 1971-2016.

A considerable amount of data has been published on the accumulation of radiocaesium (Cs and particularly, Cs) in wild fungi since the first anthropogenically influenced releases into the environment due to nuclear weapon testing, usage and subsequently from major accidents at nuclear power plants in Chernobyl (1986) and Fukushima (2011). Wild fungi are particularly susceptible to accumulation of radiocaesium and contamination persists for decades after pollution events. Macromycetes (fruiting bodies, popularly called mushrooms) of the edible fungal species are an important part of the human and forest animal food-webs in many global locations.

Effect of Methyl Jasmonate on the Terpene Trilactones, Flavonoids, and Phenolic Acids in L. Leaves: Relevance to Leaf Senescence.

The present study compared the effects of natural senescence and methyl jasmonate (JA-Me) treatment on the levels of terpene trilactones (TTLs; ginkgolides and bilobalide), phenolic acids, and flavonoids in the primary organs of leaves, leaf blades, and petioles. Levels of the major TTLs, ginkgolides B and C, were significantly higher in the leaf blades of naturally senesced yellow leaves harvested on 20 October compared with green leaves harvested on 9 September. In petioles, a similar effect was found, although the levels of these compounds were almost half as high.

Effect of drying, blanching, pickling and maceration on the fate of K, total K and Cs in bolete mushrooms and dietary intake.

The effects of blanching, blanching and pickling and maceration on the leaching of Cs and K from the flesh of three edible bolete mushroom species-Boletus edulis, Leccinum scabrum and Leccinum versipelle-were investigated. Significant (p < 0.05) decreases in activity were observed but varied depending on the treatment.

Mode of Action of -Naphthylphthalamic Acid in Conspicuous Local Stem Swelling of Succulent Plant, : Relevance to the Aspects of Its Histological Observation and Comprehensive Analyses of Plant Hormones.

The mode of action of -naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA) to induce conspicuous local stem swelling in the area of its application to the growing internode in intact was studied based on the aspects of histological observation and comprehensive analyses of plant hormones. Histological analyses revealed that NPA induced an increase in cell size and numerous cell divisions in the cortex and pith, respectively, compared to untreated stem. In the area of NPA application, vascular tissues had significantly wider cambial zones consisting of 5-6 cell layers, whereas phloem and xylem seemed not to be affected.

An evaluation of the occurrence and trends in Cs and K radioactivity in King Bolete Boletus edulis mushrooms in Poland during 1995-2019.

B. edulis, collected from 33 forested or woodland sites across Poland over 25 years since 1995, were analysed for radiocaesium. The results (Cs activity range: 25 to 10,000 Bq kg dry weight) provide a good indication of artificial radioactivity in this food material.

Cs and K activities and total K distribution in the sclerotia of the Wolfiporia cocos fungus from China.

The activity concentration of Cs and K and total K content in the sclerotia of the Chinese medicinal fungus Wolfiporia cocos collected mainly from Yunnan province of China during the period 2013-2015 were investigated. W. cocos in Yunnan is collected from the wild and is cultivated in field conditions and the wood substrate used is derived from the local pine (Pinus yunnanensis Franch.

Alimentary exposure and elimination routes of rare earth elements (REE) in marine mammals from the Baltic Sea and Antarctic coast.

Marine mammals found at the top of the trophic pyramid are excellent bioindicators of pollutants in the marine environment, the concentrations of which increase along with the trophic level of the organism. As these animals are usually protected species, their contamination has to be assessed non-invasively by analysing excrement and epidermal structures such as fur or claws. The present study involved testing the excrement and fur of the grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) from the Southern Baltic coast and the Southern elephant seal (Mirounga leonine) from Admiralty Bay, along with fish muscle (food) and the lithological background of both areas, for the presence of rare earth elements (REE).

Anthropogenic radioactive isotopes in Actiniaria from the Svalbard archipelago.

The abundance of radionuclides in the Arctic Actiniaria has limited study despite their environmental importance in coastal food chains. Although the Arctic has incurred relatively little contamination by anthropogenic radionuclides as a result of nuclear weapons tests, there are still detectable levels of radionuclide activity observed in marine species. In this study of anthropogenic radionuclide activity in Actiniaria from Spitsbergen we observed levels of Sr from 0.

Impact of distance from the glacier on the content of Cs and Sr in the lichen Cetrariella delisei.

The Arctic region is substantially a pristine area, but this unique part of the globe has also been contaminated by anthropogenic radioactive nuclides, and now there is still measurable activity of anthropogenic isotopes, even though more than 50 years have passed since the main source. Radionuclides in the Arctic, especially Sr have seldom been studied despite their considerable environmental importance. This manuscript covers the results of Sr and Cs measurements in soil and lichen Cetrariella delisei collected from the Svalbard in 2012.

Cs, K, and K in raw and stir-fried mushrooms from the Boletaceae family from the Midu region in Yunnan, Southwest China.

The parallel batches of the same species and geographical origin mushrooms both raw and stir-fried were investigated to get an insight into the content and intake of Cs, K, and K from mushroom meals. The Boletaceae family species (Baorangia bicolor, Boletus bainiugan, Butyriboletus roseoflavus, Retiboletus griseus, Rugiboletus extremiorientalis, and Sutorius magnificus) were collected from the Midu County (Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture) in 2018. The activity concentrations of Cs in the caps of dried raw mushrooms were in the range 14 ± 1 Bq kg dry biomass (db) (R.

Formation of the Secondary Abscission Zone Induced by the Interaction of Methyl Jasmonate and Auxin in : Relevance to Auxin Status and Histology.

The interaction of methyl jasmonate (JA-Me) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) to induce the formation of the secondary abscission zone in the middle of internode segments of was investigated in relation to auxin status and histology. When IAA at 0.1% (/, in lanolin) was applied to the segments, the formation of the secondary abscission zone at a few mm above the treatment in the apical direction was observed.