Local and Global Public Health and Emissions from Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations in the USA: A Scoping Review.

Up to 1.6 million tons of waste is produced annually by each of more than 21,000 concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) located in the United States (USA). These operations give rise to externalities, including adverse local and global health impacts from CAFO waste emissions, which can potentially outweigh their economic viability.

Microplastic accumulation dynamics in Han river headwaters: Sediment interactions and environmental implication.

The prevalence of microplastic (MP) contamination has become a significant environmental concern due to its pervasive nature and persistent effects. While sediments are considered major repositories for MPs, information on their spatial distribution within these matrices is insufficient. This research examined both the horizontal and vertical presence of MPs in the sediments surrounding Lake Paldang in South Korea, alongside a comprehensive evaluation of the physicochemical characteristics of the samples obtained.

Biorenewable Polymer-Based Light-Absorbing Porous Hydrogel for Efficient Solar Steam Desalination.

An efficient interfacial heating system composed of a light-absorbing material and a hydrophilic porous support is developed through eco-friendly and energy-effective fabrication processes. Lignin nanoparticles (NPs) and cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) are harnessed as biorenewable light absorbers and hydrophilic supports, respectively. Lignin NPs are prepared using a solvent exchange process of the fractionated lignin with organic solvents to improve its π-π stacking and light-absorbing property for efficient photothermal conversion.

Exogenous Glycine Betaine Application Improves Freezing Tolerance of Cabbage ( L.) Leaves.

Exogenous glycine betaine (GB) application has been reported to improve plant tolerance to various abiotic stresses, but its effect on freezing tolerance has not been well studied. We investigated the effect of exogenous GB on freezing tolerance of cabbage ( L.) leaves.

Acute toxicity of the insecticide EPN upon zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos and its related adverse effects: Verification of abnormal cardiac development and seizure-like events.

Toxicological studies of O-ethyl-O-(4-nitrophenyl) phenylphosphonothioate (EPN) to aquatic vertebrates have been reported, but no reports on toxic mechanism was reported. As zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos were exposed to EPN, no changes in their survival and hatching rates were observed until 96 h post fertilization (hpf), even at the highest treated concentration of 500 μg/L. In both 250 μg/L and 500 μg/L, edemas were observed in the heart and yolk sac, and a blood pool was also found.

The Role of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-α) in Autoimmune Disease and Current TNF-α Inhibitors in Therapeutics.

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) was initially recognized as a factor that causes the necrosis of tumors, but it has been recently identified to have additional important functions as a pathological component of autoimmune diseases. TNF-α binds to two different receptors, which initiate signal transduction pathways. These pathways lead to various cellular responses, including cell survival, differentiation, and proliferation.

Curvature Effect of a Phosphatidylethanolamine-Included Membrane on the Behavior of Cinnamycin on the Membrane.

The behavior of cinnamycin on a biomimetic membrane was studied with respect to the curvature of a phosphatidylethanolamine (PE)-included membrane with the adhesion measured using an atomic force microscope (AFM). The membrane was formed through vesicle fusion on the hydrophobic surface of silica spheres, which was used to define the curvature of the membrane. The hydrophobicity was generated by the reaction of alkyl-silane and analyzed with an X-ray photoelectron spectrometer.

Acute toxicities of fluorene, fluorene-1-carboxylic acid, and fluorene-9-carboxylic acid on zebrafish embryos (Danio rerio): Molecular mechanisms of developmental toxicities of fluorene-1-carboxylic acid.

In this study, fluorene (FL), FL-1-carboxylic acid (FC-1), and FL-9-carboxylic acid (FC-9) were investigated to understand their acute toxicity by measuring inhibitory effects on hatching rates and developmental processes of zebrafish embryos (Danio rerio). For exposure concentrations up to 3000 μg/L, FC-1 alone showed acute toxicity at 1458 μg/L for LC value. FC-1 caused yolk sac and spinal deformities, and pericardial edema.

Kinetic and thermodynamic studies of cinnamycin specific-adsorption on PE-Included-Membranes using surface plasmon resonance.

The binding of the cinnamycin on the biomimetic membrane was studied with respect to time using the surface plasmon resonance(SPR). The membrane was composed of the inner layer tethered on the gold surface and the outer layer formed on the inner layer, which was at the desired ratio of dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine(DOPE) to dioleoylphosphatidyl- choline(DOPC). On the bilayer, the cinnamycin solution was injected and showed different behavior of the binding with respect to time up on its concentration.

Trehalose-Induced Variation in Physical Properties of Fluidic Lipid Bilayer.

The effect of the trehalose on the physical properties of the fluidic lipid bilayer was studied using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The bilayer was fabricated by tethering 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphothioethanol on a gold surface to form a monolayer and then using liposomes to adsorb an upper layer on the tethered monolayer. The liposomes were prepared with a desired ratio (mol/mol) of trehalose to lipid, before the adsorption was performed.

Carbon dioxide assisted thermal decomposition of cattle excreta.

To develop the environmentally benign thermo-chemical process, this study placed great emphasis on the influence of CO on pyrolysis of cattle excreta for energy recovery. To this end, this study evaluates the possible enhanced energy recovery from cattle excreta using CO as reaction medium/feedstock in the thermal degradation of cattle excreta. The enhanced generation of CO in the presence of CO reached up to 15.

Biodiesel synthesis using chicken manure biochar and waste cooking oil.

This study laid an emphasis on the possible employment of biochar generated from pyrolysis of chicken manure to establish a green platform for producing biodiesel. To this end, the pseudo-catalytic transesterification reaction using chicken manure biochar and waste cooking oil was investigated. Compared with a commercial porous material (SiO), chicken manure biochar generated from 350°C showed better performance, resulting in 95.

Quantification of volatile fatty acids from cattle manure via non-catalytic esterification for odour indication.

This report proposes a new approach to evaluate the odour nuisance of cattle manure samples from three different cattle breeds (i.e., native cattle, beef cattle, and milk cow) by means of quantification and speciation of volatile fatty acids (VFAs).

Quantification and speciation of volatile fatty acids in the aqueous phase.

This study lays great emphasis on establishing a reliable analytical platform to quantify and specify volatile fatty acids (VFAs) in the aqueous phase by derivatizing VFAs into their corresponding alkyl esters via thermally-induced rapid esterification (only 10 s reaction time). To this end, reaction conditions for the thermally-induced rapid esterification are optimized. A volumetric ratio of 0.

Evaluating the effectiveness of various biochars as porous media for biodiesel synthesis via pseudo-catalytic transesterification.

This study focuses on investigating the optimized chemical composition of biochar used as porous material for biodiesel synthesis via pseudo-catalytic transesterification. To this end, six biochars from different sources were prepared and biodiesel yield obtained from pseudo-catalytic transesterification of waste cooking oil using six biochars were measured. Biodiesel yield and optimal reaction temperature for pseudo-catalytic transesterification were strongly dependent on the raw material of biochar.

The comparative clinical study of efficacy of Gamisoyo-San (Jiaweixiaoyaosan) on generalized anxiety disorder according to differently manufactured preparations: multicenter, randomized, double blind, placebo controlled trial.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Gamisoyo-San (GSS) is a well-known Traditional Korean Medicine shown to be effective on mood disorders.

Aim Of The Study: The purpose of this research is to examine the effect of Gamisoyo-San on generalized anxiety disorder by its differently manufactured preparations.

Materials And Methods: Multicenter, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study was set for 147 patients with generalized anxiety disorder recruited from November 1st 2009 to December 16th 2010.

Comparative phylogeographic study of Hosta sieboldiana and Hosta albomarginata (Asparagaceae) in Japan.

We analyzed variations in chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) in the widespread herbaceous species Hosta sieboldiana and Hosta albomarginata across large portions of their geographic ranges in the Japanese archipelago. Our objective was to compare the phylogeographic histories and phylogeographic structures of the two congeneric species in the Japanese archipelago. The location of the study is Japanese archipelago.

Anti-inflammatory effects of Polygala tenuifolia root through inhibition of NF-κB activation in lipopolysaccharide-induced BV2 microglial cells.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: The root of Polygala tenuifolia Willd is a well-known traditional Oriental medicine and has been prescribed for treatment of dysfunction in memorial systems and various brain inflammatory diseases. The present study was designed to validate the anti-inflammatory effects of the water extract of Polygala tenuifolia root (WEPT).

Materials And Methods: The anti-inflammatory properties of WEPT were studied using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine BV2 microglia model.

Palynological insights of the eastern Asian and eastern North American disjunct genus Symplocarpus (Araceae).

Symplocarpus L. (Araceae) is a disjunct genus including S. foetidus (L.