Antiretroviral Therapy during Long-term Surgical Care: 'Exploring Difficult Cases in HIV Clinics' of the Korean Society for AIDS Conference in 2023.

With advancements in antiretroviral therapy (ART), the average lifespan of people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is increasing, as is the number of older adults with HIV. Accordingly, the number of patients with HIV who undergo surgery or require critical care for various reasons is increasing. Since the prognosis of people with HIV depends on the continuous and effective maintenance of ART, there is a need to consider effectively maintaining ART in people with HIV in these conditions.

Hepatitis B Reactivation and Vaccination Effectiveness after Solid Organ Transplantation: A Matched Case-Control Study.

Solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients are at significant risk of hepatitis B (HB) virus (HBV) reactivation (HBVr). Despite the clinical significance of HBVr after solid organ transplantation, data on the risk factors for HBVr and vaccine effectiveness in SOT recipients with resolved HBV infection are limited. This study evaluated the risk factors for HBVr and the seroconversion rates after HBV vaccination in SOT recipients.

The obesity paradox in younger adult patients with sepsis: analysis of the MIMIC-IV database.

Background: The obesity paradox suggests that individuals with obesity may have a survival advantage against specific critical illnesses, including sepsis. However, whether this paradox occurs at younger ages remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether obesity could improve survival in younger adult patients with sepsis.

DECIPHERING GUT MICROBIOTA IN PATIENTS WITH SEVERE SEPSIS AND SEPTIC SHOCK.

Introduction: Gut microbiota dysbiosis is associated with susceptibility to sepsis and poor outcomes. However, changes to the intestinal microbiota during sepsis and their value as biomarkers are unclear. In this study, we compared the intestinal microbiota of patients with sepsis and healthy controls.

Cumulative Incidence and Factors Associated With Subsequent Vertebral Compression Fractures: A Nationwide Population-based Study.

Objective: Patients who experience vertebral compression fractures are vulnerable to subsequent vertebral compression fractures (SVCFs). The purpose of this nationwide population-based study was to determine the age-specific cumulative incidence and factors associated with SVCFs in South Korea.

Methods: Diagnostic codes, medical costs, and comorbid diseases in patients who had a vertebral compression fracture in 2011 and 2012 were collected from the National Health Insurance Service database of South Korea from 2007 to 2018.

Trends of age-related non-communicable diseases in people living with HIV and comparison with uninfected controls: A nationwide population-based study in South Korea.

Objectives: We aim to compare the trends of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and death among people living with HIV (PLWH) and uninfected controls in South Korea.

Methods: We identified PLWH from a nationwide database of all Korean citizens enrolled from 1 January 2004 to 31 December 2016. A control cohort was randomly selected for PLWH by frequency matching for age and sex in a 20:1 ratio.

Needle echogenicity in ultrasound-guided lumbar spine injections: a cadaveric study.

Background: Echogenicity of regional anesthesia needles has been tested on different preclinical models; however, previous studies were done in an ideal experimental setting utilizing high-frequency insonation and superficially located targets. Because steep-angle deep injections are typically required for spinal and other chronic pain procedures, and low-frequency transducers are used, further feasibility study is warranted.

Objectives: To determine effectiveness of steep-angle deep injections, typically required for spinal and other chronic pain procedures.

Neuropathic pain.

Neuropathic pain is a clinical entity that presents unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. This chapter addresses the classification, epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of neuropathic pain syndrome. Neuropathic pain can be distinguished from nociceptive pain based on clinical signs and symptoms.