STEADYNet: Spatiotemporal EEG analysis for dementia detection using convolutional neural network.

Dementia is a neuro-degenerative disorder with a high death rate, mainly due to high human error, time, and cost of the current clinical diagnostic techniques. The existing dementia detection methods using hand-crafted electroencephalogram (EEG) signal features are unreliable. A convolution neural network using spatiotemporal EEG signals (STEADYNet) is presented to improve the dementia detection.

LCADNet: a novel light CNN architecture for EEG-based Alzheimer disease detection.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive and incurable neurologi-cal disorder with a rising mortality rate, worsened by error-prone, time-intensive, and expensive clinical diagnosis methods. Automatic AD detection methods using hand-crafted Electroencephalogram (EEG) signal features lack accuracy and reliability. A lightweight convolution neural network for AD detection (LCADNet) is investigated to extract disease-specific features while reducing the detection time.

Lupus Nephritis Outcomes after Stopping Immunosuppression.

Immunosuppression (IS) is a standard therapy for lupus nephritis (LN). Data on the outcomes of patients with LN after the discontinuation of immunosuppression remain uncertain. This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes and results of patients with lupus nephritis (LN) who ceased immunosuppressive (IS) therapy.

Conference report: Dhara - Vision Ayurveda 2047.

The Dhara-Ayurveda 2047 conference was organized at the University of Trans-Disciplinary Health Sciences and Technology (TDU), Bengaluru on 23rd and September 24, 2022. This was a pioneering initiative of Ministry of Culture and Ministry of Ayush to raise public awareness about the contemporary relevance of India's medical heritage. The theme of the conference was to offer innovative approaches to strengthen and globalize Ayurveda by the year 2047 to commemorate 100th year of independence of India.

Lupus enteritis: a narrative review.

Lupus enteritis (LE) is a rare manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus. The pathophysiology of LE has not been fully elucidated, although inflammatory and thrombotic processes are likely important factors. The underlying pathophysiological mechanisms may depend on which portion of the intestine is affected.

Transverse myelitis associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE-TM): A review article.

Systemic lupus erythematosus-related transverse myelitis (SLE-TM) is a rare but serious complication of SLE, which may result in significant morbidity. Its incidence is estimated between 0.5% and 1% of all SLE patients but may be the presenting feature in 30%-60% of these patients.

Accumulated bispectral image-based respiratory sound signal classification using deep learning.

The COVID-19 virus is increasingly crucial to human health since new variants appear frequently. Detection of COVID-19 through respiratory sound has been an important area of research. This study analyzes respiratory sounds using novel accumulated bi-spectral features.

Relapsing polychondritis - A single Centre study in the United Kingdom.

Introduction And Objectives: Relapsing Polychondritis (RP) is a rare immune mediated inflammatory disorder that may result in damage and destruction of cartilaginous tissues.

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively analysed patients with a clinical diagnosis of RP. Patients were investigated using pulmonary function tests, dynamic high-resolution CT scans, bronchoscopy, laryngoscopy and/or PET-CT scans along with autoimmune serology.

The HAVEN study-hydroxychloroquine in ANCA vasculitis evaluation-a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial: study protocol and statistical analysis plan.

Background: Patients with non-severe ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) are often prescribed immunosuppressive medications that are associated with severe side effects and a reduced quality of life. There is an unmet need for safer effective treatments for these patients. Hydroxychloroquine is being explored due to its effect in similar autoimmune conditions such as systemic lupus erythematosus.

Survival of Persons Living With HIV/AIDS: A Multicentric Study From India.

Background: It has been more than 17 years since the introduction of free ART in India. At this point, it would be prudent to look at the factors associated with the survival of persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) (PLHA) who are already enrolled in the ART program.

Methods: PLHAs enrolled from antiretroviral therapy (ART) centers located in three different cities in India - Delhi, Pune and Kolkata, and were followed up at six monthly intervals monitoring the WHO stage, CD4 counts, complete blood counts, and liver and kidney function tests, for a duration of three years.

Virological failure among people living with HIV receiving second-line antiretroviral therapy in Pune, India.

Background: The number of people receiving second-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) has increased as global access to ART has expanded. Data on the burden and factors associated with second-line ART virologic failure (VF) from India remain limited.

Methods: We conducted cross-sectional viral load (VL) testing among adults (≥ 18 years) who were registered at a publicly funded ART center in western India between 2014 and 2015 and had received second-line ART for at least 6 months.

Development of shortened HIV-related stigma scales for young people living with HIV and young people affected by HIV in India.

Background: HIV-related stigma is associated with poor quality of life and poor healthcare-seeking behaviours in young people living with HIV (YPLHIV) and young people affected by HIV (YPAHIV). India has an estimated 120,000 YPLHIV and 4 million YPAHIV, but efforts to measure HIV-related stigma in them are sparse, impeded by the lack of measuring instruments. Here, we describe the development of the Pune HIV-Stigma Scale (PHSS) and modified-PHSS to measure HIV-related stigma among YPLHIV and YPAHIV, respectively, in India.

Factors associated with high alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and cirrhosis in people living with HIV on combination antiretroviral treatment (cART) in the Asia-Pacific.

Liver disease is a growing burden among people living with HIV (PLHIV) in resource-limited settings. As an indicator of liver disease, risk factors of high alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and cirrhosis were assessed among PLHIV in the TREAT Asia HIV Observational Database (TAHOD). Patients on combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) with a pre-cART ALT measurement and at least one follow-up ALT measurement were included.

Clinical and Immunological Markers of Pulmonary Impairment Among People With HIV in India.

Background: Despite antiretroviral therapy, chronic lung diseases remain an important source of morbidity and mortality in people with HIV (PWH). We sought to identify clinical and immunological markers of pulmonary impairment among PWH in India.

Methods: Two hundred ten adult PWH receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) were prospectively evaluated for 3 years.

Smokeless tobacco use and oral potentially malignant disorders among people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Pune, India: Implications for oral cancer screening in PLHIV.

Introduction: In India, smokeless tobacco (SLT) is a predominant form of tobacco used among people living with HIV (PLHIV). Despite SLT being a risk factor for oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs), no prior studies have quantified the association of OPMDs with SLT use among PLHIV. This limits the planning of preventive and control strategies for oral cancer among PLHIV, who are at higher risk for the disease.

Inflammatory profile associated with insulin resistance in non-overweight versus overweight people living with HIV in Pune, Western India.

Background: People living with HIV have greater diabetes (T2DM) than the general population despite lower prevalence of overweight/obesity. Both insulin resistance (IR), a T2DM precursor, and HIV are independently associated with chronic inflammation. Inflammation may be a pathophysiological link explaining IR in people living with HIV who are not overweight but is not well understood.

BMI as a predictor of high fasting blood glucose among people living with HIV in the Asia-Pacific region.

Background: Non-Asian body mass index (BMI) classifications are commonly used as a risk factor for high fasting blood glucose (FBG). We investigated the incidence and factors associated with high FBG among people living with HIV in the Asia-Pacific region, using a World Health Organization BMI classification specific to Asian populations.

Methods: This study included people living with HIV enrolled in a longitudinal cohort study from 2003 to 2019, receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART), and without prior tuberculosis.

Proton pump inhibitor induced subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus: Clinical characteristics and outcomes.

Background: There is a growing literature reporting the association between proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use and subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (SCLE).

Aims: To compare the clinical characteristics of a cohort of patients with PPI-induced SCLE, their clinical course and treatment with a control group of primary SCLE patients not exposed to PPI.

Methods: We conducted a matched case-control study in a tertiary referral setting at the Louise Coote Lupus Unit.

Acceptability, Adaptability, and Feasibility of a Novel Computer-Based Virtual Counselor-Delivered Alcohol Intervention: Focus Group and In-depth Interview Study Among Adults With HIV or Tuberculosis in Indian Clinical Settings.

Background: Unhealthy alcohol use is associated with increased morbidity and mortality among persons with HIV and tuberculosis (TB). Computer-based interventions (CBIs) can reduce unhealthy alcohol use, are scalable, and may improve outcomes among patients with HIV or TB.

Objective: We assessed the acceptability, adaptability, and feasibility of a novel CBI for alcohol reduction in HIV and TB clinical settings in Pune, India.

Use of Glomerular CD68+ Cells as a Surrogate Marker for Endocapillary Hypercellularity in Lupus Nephritis.

Introduction: Lupus nephritis (LN) class III or IV is strongly related to patient mortality and morbidity. The interobserver agreement of endocapillary hypercellularity by routine light microscopy, one of the most important lesions determining whether class III or IV is present, is moderate. In IgA nephropathy (IgAN), the presence of glomerular CD68+ cells was found to be a good surrogate marker for endocapillary hypercellularity.

A study of electrocardiographic and 2D echocardiographic changes in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients without cardiovascular symptoms.

Context: Cardiovascular diseases in diabetic patients are mostly asymptomatic due to autonomic neuropathy. Many patients with left ventricular dysfunction remain undiagnosed and untreated until advance disease causes disability. This delay could be avoided if screening techniques are used to identify left ventricular dysfunction in its preclinical phase.

Functional Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the and Genes Influence Disease Severity in Influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 Virus-Infected Patients from Maharashtra, India.

The clinical outcome in influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 virus-infected subjects is determined by several factors, including host genetics. In the present study, single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the , and genes were investigated in influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 virus-infected subjects to find out their association with disease severity. Influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 virus-infected subjects with severe disease ( = 86) and mild disease ( = 293) from western India were included in the study.

Defective STAT5 Activation and Aberrant Expression of BCL6 in Naive CD4 T Cells Enhances Follicular Th Cell-like Differentiation in Patients with Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis.

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is a potentially fatal small vessel vasculitis of unknown etiology, characterized by anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies, chronic inflammation, and granulomatous tissue damage. T cell dysregulation, comprising decreased regulatory T cell function and increased circulating effector memory follicular Th cells (TFH), is strongly associated with disease pathogenesis, but the mechanisms driving these observations are unknown. We undertook transcriptomic and functional analysis of naive CD4 T cells from patients with GPA to identify underlying functional defects that could manifest in the pathogenic profiles observed in GPA.

and Polymorphisms and IL-6 and IL-10 Levels Influence Disease Severity in Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Virus Infected Patients.

Cytokines are key modulators of immune response, and dysregulated production of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines contributes to the pathogenesis of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus infection. Cytokine production is impacted by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the genes coding for them. In the present study, SNPs in the , , , , and were investigated for their association with disease severity and fatality in influenza A(H1N1)pdm09-affected patients with mild disease ( = 293) and severe disease ( = 86).

Host lipidome and tuberculosis treatment failure.

Introduction: Host lipids play important roles in tuberculosis (TB) pathogenesis. Whether host lipids at TB treatment initiation (baseline) affect subsequent treatment outcomes has not been well characterised. We used unbiased lipidomics to study the prospective association of host lipids with TB treatment failure.