Generation and Partial Characterization of Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody to Pyroglutamate Amyloid-β3-42 (pE3-Aβ).

N-terminally truncated pyroglutamate amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide starting at position 3 represents a significant fraction of Aβ peptides (pE3-Aβ) in amyloid plaques of postmortem brains from patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and older persons with Down syndrome (DS). Studies in transgenic mouse models of AD also showed that pE3-Aβ is a major component of plaques, and mouse monoclonal antibody to pE3-Aβ appears to be a desirable therapeutic agent for AD. Since small peptides do not typically elicit a good immune response in mice, but do so favorably in rabbits, our aims were to generate and partially characterize a rabbit monoclonal antibody (RabmAb) to pE3-Aβ.

Generation and Partial Characterization of Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody to Amyloid-β Peptide 1-37 (Aβ37).

Secreted soluble amyloid-β 1-37 (Aβ37) peptide is one of the prominent Aβ forms next to Aβ40, and is found in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood. Recent studies have shown the importance of quantitation of CSF Aβ37 levels in combination with Aβ38, Aβ40, and Aβ42 to support the diagnosis of patients with probable Alzheimer's disease (AD), and the value of antibody to Aβ37 to facilitate drug discovery studies. However, the availability of reliable and specific monoclonal antibody to Aβ37 is very limited.

Generation of Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody to Amyloid-β38 (Aβ38): Increased Plasma Aβ38 Levels in Down Syndrome.

Secreted soluble amyloid-β (Aβ)38 is the second most prominent Aβ form next to Aβ40, and is found in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood. Recent studies have shown the importance of quantitation of CSF Aβ38 levels in combination with those of Aβ40 and Aβ42 to support the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and other neurodegenerative diseases, and to facilitate drug discovery studies. However, the availability of reliable and specific Aβ38 monoclonal antibody is limited.

Amyloid beta 38, 40, and 42 species in cerebrospinal fluid: more of the same?

Various C-terminally truncated amyloid beta peptides (Abeta) are linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of Abeta38, Abeta40, and Abeta42 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 30 patients with AD and 26 control subjects. CSF Abeta42 levels was decreased in patients with AD, whereas CSF Abeta38 and Abeta40 levels were similar in patients with AD and control subjects.

Increased serum neopterin levels in adults with Down syndrome.

We quantitated serum neopterin levels in Down syndrome (DS), normal controls, Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis and other neurological diseases. We then analyzed the relationships with age, sex, apolipoprotein E (Apo E) phenotype, and amyloid beta protein 1-40 (Abeta40) and 1-42 (Abeta42) levels. Neopterin levels were higher in DS than all other groups.

Plasma amyloid beta protein 1-42 levels are increased in old Down Syndrome but not in young Down Syndrome.

Plasma amyloid beta protein 1-40 (Abeta40) and Abeta42 levels were quantitated from 28 young Down syndrome (DS) (20-40 years old), 28 age-matched controls, 32 old DS (41-65 years old) and 32 age-matched controls in a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Abeta40 levels were higher in young DS and old DS than controls. Abeta42 levels in young DS and controls were similar, however Abeta42 levels were higher in old DS than controls or young DS.