Advanced female urethral adenocarcinoma: A case report.

Urethral cancer in females is a rare occurrence. Although initially believed to be derived from skene glands, there is no consensus on the cell of origin. Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common, whereas adenocarcinoma is the least common.

Atypical MYC rearrangement pattern of 3' deletion and 5' amplification along with independent IGH rearrangement: A case study.

A spectrum of Cellular homolog of the v-myc oncogene (cMYC) alterations such as translocation, overexpression, mutation, and amplification plays an important role in lymphomagenesis, particularly in high-grade lymphomas, and are associated with prognostic significance. Accurate identification of cMYC gene alteration is important for diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic implications. With the application of different FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridization) probes that helped overcome the analytical diagnostic challenges as a result of variant patterns, we report rare, concomitant, and independent gene alterations in cMYC and Immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene (IGH) with detailed characterization of its variant rearrangement.

F-18 Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron-Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography Image of Rare Case of Phaeohyphomycosis Causing Osteomyelitis of Scapula in a Postrenal Transplant Recipient.

Phaeohyphomycosis belongs to a heterogeneous group of fungal infections, originally described by Ajello . as mycoses, whose etiologic agents develop in host tissue as dark-walled, septate mycelial elements. Disseminated infections occur in immunocompromised patients, involving the paranasal sinuses, eyes, central nervous system, lymph nodes, and bone.

Primary Cutaneous Apocrine Carcinoma of the Scalp: A Rare Case Report.

Primary cutaneous apocrine carcinoma of the scalp is a rare adnexal sweat gland neoplasm. It is most commonly observed over eyelids and ear canals and is often confused with dermoid and epidermoid cysts, lipomas, cutaneous metastatic lesions, or basal cell carcinomas. We describe a 66-year-old male who presented with a midline scalp lesion.

Diplopia as the presenting feature of acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Purpose: To report a rare case of acute lymphoblastic leukemia presenting with diplopia to an ophthalmologist.

Observations: A 29-year-old male patient presented to ophthalmology department with sudden onset of binocular diplopia in left gaze. Magnetic resonance imaging of brain and orbits revealed a thickened left medial rectus, with enhancement of right sixth nerve, bilateral third and fifth nerves.

Impact of focality on prognostication of early and operable breast carcinomas of no special type.

Background And Objectives: Multifocal/multicentric (MF/MC) breast carcinomas are not uncommon and its prognostic significance debated. We attempted to analyze the association of focality and prognostic factors in operated pT1 and pT2 breast carcinomas of no special type (NST).

Materials And Methods: Retrospectively identified pathologically proven 124 unifocal (UF) and 49 MF/MC pT1 and pT2 breast carcinomas of NST over the past three years were compared in terms of clinical and pathological factors.

Mucormycosis: an unusual masquerader of an endobronchial tumour.

Pulmonary mucormycosis is a life-threatening invasive fungal infection usually seen in the background of immunosuppression, haematological malignancies, or uncontrolled diabetes. Immunocompetent hosts can also be affected. Isolated endobronchial mucormycosis is rare with only a few cases reported in the literature.

Generation and Partial Characterization of Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody to Pyroglutamate Amyloid-β3-42 (pE3-Aβ).

N-terminally truncated pyroglutamate amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide starting at position 3 represents a significant fraction of Aβ peptides (pE3-Aβ) in amyloid plaques of postmortem brains from patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and older persons with Down syndrome (DS). Studies in transgenic mouse models of AD also showed that pE3-Aβ is a major component of plaques, and mouse monoclonal antibody to pE3-Aβ appears to be a desirable therapeutic agent for AD. Since small peptides do not typically elicit a good immune response in mice, but do so favorably in rabbits, our aims were to generate and partially characterize a rabbit monoclonal antibody (RabmAb) to pE3-Aβ.

Neuroectodermally Derived Neoplasm of Tonsil: Difficulty in Histomorphological Diagnosis.

Esthesioneuroblastomas are rare neuroectodermally derived neoplasms occurring in the upper nasal septum or cribriform plate. They have been rarely reported in other sites, when they are called ectopic esthesioneuroblastomas. Due to the scarcity of reports, publications and molecular/genetic studies of these tumours, their diagnosis is likely to be missed when they are ectopic.

'Ease of interpretation' of cytological smears stained with modified ultrafast papanicolaou stain: Interobserver agreement and reproducibility.

Background: Since its inception in 1995, the Ultrafast Papanicoloau (UFPAP) cytological stain has undergone a number of modifications to suit the local availability of reagents and cost in different set ups. However, the reported results have been uniformly encouraging. We designed a study to investigate the inter-observer agreement in 'perceived ease of interpretation' of cytological smears stained with Modified Ultrafast Papanicoloau stain (MUFPAP).

Occult invasion of sternothyroid muscle by differentiated thyroid cancer.

Purpose: To determine the incidence of occult invasion of sternothyroid by differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) and identify clinico-pathological features associated with the same.

Methods: Retrospective study of a consecutive series of DTC patients undergoing surgery, with preoperative ultrasound showing no evidence of strap muscle invasion. All had en bloc excision of sternothyroid muscle along with thyroidectomy.

Syringocystadenocarcinoma papilliferum with coexisting trichoblastoma: A case report with review of literature.

We present a unique case of syringocystadenoma with malignant transformation into syringocystadenocarcinoma papilliferum and coexisting trichoblastoma arising de novo in a scalp swelling of long duration in a 78-year-old woman. Syringocystadenocarcinoma papilliferum was described by the World Health Organization as an extremely rare malignant adnexal tumor of apocrine origin with varied histology with some cases reported in literature.

Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Cervix with Superficial Intraepithelial Extension to the Endometrium of Lower Uterine Segment: A Rare Presentation.

Carcinoma of the cervix is the most common malignancy in women in India. Squamous cell carcinoma accounts for more than 70% of the cervical malignancies. Carcinoma of the cervix generally invades the uterine wall by direct extension with or without parametrial involvement, however, rarely can spread superficially to the inner surface of the uterus replacing the endometrium.

Synchronous Malignant Phyllodes Tumor with Skin Ulceration and Invasive Carcinoma as Collision Tumor.

Phyllodes tumor is a rare fibroepithelial biphasic tumor of the breast composed of hypercellular mesenchymal stroma and double-layered epithelial component, arranged in clefts with leaf-like projections. Phyllodes tumor with coincidental presence of invasive carcinoma or ductal carcinoma in the same or distinct breast is a rare occurrence, documented by some reports. Invasive carcinoma can be seen within or outside the phyllodes tumor.

Crystal-Storing Histiocytosis: Report of a Rare Case Presenting With Pathological Fracture of Femur. Is There More to the Entity?

Crystal-storing histiocytosis (CSH) is a rare histiocytic lesion, most often described in association with lymphoid malignancies, especially plasma cell myeloma or lymphomas associated with monoclonal gammopathy. A few cases have also been described in patients without an underlying lymphoid/plasmacytic neoplasm. The histiocytes are characterized by intralysosomal accumulation of crystals composed of whole or part of the immunoglobulin molecule.

Generation and Partial Characterization of Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody to Amyloid-β Peptide 1-37 (Aβ37).

Secreted soluble amyloid-β 1-37 (Aβ37) peptide is one of the prominent Aβ forms next to Aβ40, and is found in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood. Recent studies have shown the importance of quantitation of CSF Aβ37 levels in combination with Aβ38, Aβ40, and Aβ42 to support the diagnosis of patients with probable Alzheimer's disease (AD), and the value of antibody to Aβ37 to facilitate drug discovery studies. However, the availability of reliable and specific monoclonal antibody to Aβ37 is very limited.

Giant solitary ancient schwannoma of the pleura masquerading as bronchopneumonia.

We report a 53-year-old female who presented with complaints of sudden onset breathlessness, cough with expectoration for 6 months, and a right lung base lesion in the chest X-ray, which was diagnosed and treated as bronchopneumonia by the family physician. High-resolution computed tomography of the chest was done which revealed a large heterogeneously enhancing mass in the right thoracic cavity. She underwent thoracotomy and was found to have a giant encapsulated and well-circumscribed mass arising from the pleura.

Generation of Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody to Amyloid-β38 (Aβ38): Increased Plasma Aβ38 Levels in Down Syndrome.

Secreted soluble amyloid-β (Aβ)38 is the second most prominent Aβ form next to Aβ40, and is found in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood. Recent studies have shown the importance of quantitation of CSF Aβ38 levels in combination with those of Aβ40 and Aβ42 to support the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and other neurodegenerative diseases, and to facilitate drug discovery studies. However, the availability of reliable and specific Aβ38 monoclonal antibody is limited.

Spindle cell sarcoma of pulmonary artery mimicking thromboembolism with lung metastasis detected in fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography.

Pulmonary artery sarcoma (PAS), although rare, must be considered in the differential diagnosis of pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE). This tumor is highly malignant and the prognosis is very poor. As much as the standardized uptake values (SUVs) at fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG PET) have helped in differentiating between benign and malignant tumors, visualization of a low-attenuation filling defect within a pulmonary artery on contrast-enhanced chest computed tomography (CT) can be suggestive of a malignancy, such as PAS, if the lesion shows high FDG uptake at PET.

Multiple pulmonary sclerosing hemangiomas (pneumocytoma) mimicking lung metastasis detected in fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography.

Pulmonary sclerosing hemangioma (PSH), or the alternative name of "sclerosing pneumocytoma," is a rare benign neoplasm. PSH is often asymptomatic and presents as a solitary or multiple pulmonary nodules on radiologic imaging studies. Few articles have been reported to describe the fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET) findings about PSH.

Trichostatin A increases the levels of plasma gelsolin and amyloid beta-protein in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.

Aims: Gelsolin (GSN), a multifunctional protein, binds to amyloid beta-protein (Aβ), inhibits its fibrillization, solubilizes preformed Aβ fibrils, and helps in its clearance from the brain. Trichostatin A (TSA), a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, induces the protein expression of gelsolin. In the present study, we investigated how TSA-treatment of APPswe/PS1δE9 transgenic (Tg) mice of Alzheimer's disease (AD) will affect the plasma levels of gelsolin and Aβ.