Acute suppurative thyroiditis in a child secondary to pyriform sinus fistula: From single case to systematic review.

Acute suppurative thyroiditis (AST), a rare yet potentially life-threatening infection, comprises less than 1 % of neck pathologies and requires prompt treatment. Symptoms range from neck pain and fever to dysphagia and possible abscess formation. Broad-spectrum antibiotics are the primary treatment; however, surgical drainage may be necessary for abscesses to prevent systemic infection.

Aztreonam and avibactam combination therapy for metallo-β-lactamase-producing gram-negative bacteria: a comprehensive review.

Background: Carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria represent a challenging healthcare threat, accounting for metallo-β-lactamases (MBL) production increase across the world. MBL-producing Enterobacterales and Pseudomonas aeruginosa represent the main target for ultimate antibiotics combinations due to the difficulty to include carbapenems within the antimicrobial treatment.

Objectives: To provide a comprehensive review of the current knowledge about the aztreonam/avibactam (ATM-AVI) combination, which has emerged as a promising option for treating MBL-producing bacteria.

Influence of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms on CRS Outcomes: A Preliminary Observational Study.

Objective(s): To conduct a preliminary investigation into the relationship between specific SNP variants, type II inflammation, and the effectiveness of dupilumab therapy and surgery in patients with CRS.

Methods: In this prospective study, 48 subjects were enrolled, comprising 32 CRS patients and 16 healthy controls. The CRS patients were subjected to either dupilumab therapy or endoscopic surgery according to EPOS guidelines.

Advancing Pathogen Identification: The Role of Digital PCR in Enhancing Diagnostic Power in Different Settings.

Digital polymerase chain reaction (dPCR) has emerged as a groundbreaking technology in molecular biology and diagnostics, offering exceptional precision and sensitivity in nucleic acid detection and quantification. This review highlights the core principles and transformative potential of dPCR, particularly in infectious disease diagnostics and environmental surveillance. Emphasizing its evolution from traditional PCR, dPCR provides accurate absolute quantification of target nucleic acids through advanced partitioning techniques.

Extracellular Vesicles and Immune System Function: Exploring Novel Approaches to Colorectal Cancer Immunotherapy.

This review explores the emerging role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in modulating immune system function and their application in novel cancer immunotherapy strategies, with a focus on colorectal cancer (CRC). EVs, as carriers of bioactive molecules, have shown potential in enhancing immune responses and overcoming the limitations of traditional therapies. We discuss the biogenesis, types, and functional roles of immune cell-derived EVs, their interactions with cancer cells, and their implications in antitumor immunity.

The Impact of spp. in the Immunocompromised Host: A Comprehensive Review.

The immunocompromised host is usually vulnerable to infectious diseases due to broad-spectrum treatments and immunological dysregulation. The genus consists of normal gut commensals, which acquire a leading role in infective processes among individuals with compromised immune systems. These microorganisms may express a potential virulence and resistance spectrum, enabling their function as severe pathogens.

Exploring the impact of cardiologists expertise on publication metrics.

Background: In the field of academic cardiology, the assessment of an author's scholarly impact and professional progression heavily relies on publications and citations. This study investigates whether specific cardiology expertise correlates with accelerated professional growth.

Methods: Using data from the 2023 European Society of Cardiology congress, 948 faculty attendees with an h-index of 30 or higher were analyzed.

Interactions of Gram-Positive Bacterial Membrane Vesicles and Hosts: Updates and Future Directions.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayers derived from cell membranes, released by both eukaryotic cells and bacteria into the extracellular environment. During production, EVs carry proteins, nucleic acids, and various compounds, which are then released. While Gram-positive bacteria were traditionally thought incapable of producing EVs due to their thick peptidoglycan cell walls, recent studies on membrane vesicles (MVs) in Gram-positive bacteria have revealed their significant role in bacterial physiology and disease progression.

Pharmacological and clinical appraisal of factor XI inhibitor drugs.

The evolution of anticoagulation therapy, from vitamin K antagonists to the advent of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) almost two decades ago, marks significant progress. Despite improved safety demonstrated in pivotal trials and post-marketing observations, persistent concerns exist, particularly regarding bleeding risk and the absence of therapeutic indications in specific subgroups or clinical contexts. Factor XI (FXI) has recently emerged as a pivotal contributor to intraluminal thrombus formation and growth, playing a limited role in sealing vessel wall injuries.

Flat patch mesh versus three-dimensional mesh (plug) for open umbilical or epigastric hernia repair. A retrospective study.

Introduction: Hernia repair using prosthetic mesh materials has become the preferred method of repair, as the recurrence rates are much lower than with conventional repair techniques. The aim of this retrospective study was to compare open small- and medium-sized abdominal wall hernia repair with flat patch mesh versus three-dimensional mesh (plug) in terms of recurrence and complication rates.

Methods: The medical records of 300 patients who underwent abdominal wall hernia repair using flat patch mesh versus three-dimensional mesh between January 2010 to December 2015 were reviewed.

Postcholecystectomy syndrome: biliary-related complications.

In Italy, about 100,000 cholecystectomies are carried out annually, the majority of them laparoscopically. Complications following cholecystectomy are common and increase morbidity and cost burden. Biliary damage (0.

Oral and Parenteral vs. Parenteral Antibiotic Prophylaxis for Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Colorectal Resection: An Intervention Review with Meta-Analysis.

This study aims to systematically assess the efficacy of parenteral and oral antibiotic prophylaxis compared to parenteral-only prophylaxis for the prevention of surgical site infection (SSI) in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer resection. Published and unpublished randomized clinical trials comparing the use of oral and parenteral prophylactic antibiotics vs. parenteral-only antibiotics in patients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal surgery were collected searching electronic databases (MEDLINE, CENTRAL, EMBASE, SCIENCE CITATION INDEX EXPANDED) without limits of date, language, or any other search filter.

Intracorporeal versus Extracorporeal Anastomosis for Laparoscopic Right Hemicolectomy: Short-Term Outcomes.

Laparoscopic right hemicolectomy represents an effective therapeutic approach for right colon cancer (RCC). The primary aim of this study was to evaluate bowel function recovery, length of hospital stay, operative time, and the number of general and anastomosis-related postoperative complications from intracorporeal anastomosis (ICA) vs. extracorporeal anastomosis (ECA); the secondary outcome was the number of lymph nodes retrieved.

Colorectal Cancer after Kidney Transplantation: A Screening Colonoscopy Case-Control Study.

The incidence of colorectal cancer in kidney transplant recipients has been previously reported with conflicting results. In this study, we investigated if the incidence of colorectal advanced neoplasms in kidney transplant recipients, evaluated with screening colonoscopy, was higher than in healthy individuals. One-hundred sixty kidney transplant recipients undergoing screening colonoscopy were compared with 594 age- and sex-matched healthy individuals.

Acute abdominal pain in older adults: a clinical and diagnostic challenge.

Introduction: Abdominal pain (AP) is one of the most frequent clinical condition observed in elderly patients. The differential diagnosis is wide and definitive diagnosis is often difficult due to delayed symptoms, altered laboratory parameters, pre-existing medical disorders, abuse of drugs and in absence of an accurate medical history.

Evidence Acquisition: A systematic literature review was carried out through PubMed database for studies published in the last ten years.

Risk for zoonotic Salmonella transmission from pet reptiles: A survey on knowledge, attitudes and practices of reptile-owners related to reptile husbandry.

Reptiles are becoming increasingly popular as pets. Those animals are reservoirs of a wide variety of Salmonella serotypes, that may be transmitted to warm-blooded animals, including humans. Accordingly, good hygiene practices related to husbandry are important for prevention of Reptile-associated salmonellosis (RAS).