Improvement in Central Sensitization Following Total Knee Arthroplasty Is Associated With Severe Preoperative Pain and Affects Postoperative Quality of Life: A Retrospective Study.

Objective: Central sensitization (CS) is associated with quality of life (QOL) after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, how CS changes after TKA and whether these changes have clinical relevance remain unclear. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify changes in CS after TKA and to assess the clinical significance of these changes.

Knockout of Pro-Apoptotic BAX and BAK1 Genes in HEK293T Cells Enhances Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV) Production: AAV2 and AAV9.

Increasing demand for adeno-associated virus (AAV) used in gene therapy highlights the need to enhance AAV production. When intracellular AAV2 and extracellular AAV9 were produced in HEK293T cells using the triple transfection method, apoptosis occurred during the AAV production. To mitigate apoptosis induced by AAV production, the pro-apoptotic BAX/BAK1 genes were knocked out in HEK293T cells.

Second-generation anti-amyloid monoclonal antibodies for Alzheimer's disease: current landscape and future perspectives.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia. Monoclonal antibodies (MABs) serve as a promising therapeutic approach for AD by selectively targeting key pathogenic factors, such as amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide, tau protein, and neuroinflammation. Specifically, based on their efficacy in removing Aβ plaques from the brains of patients with AD, the U.

DOGMA-seq and multimodal, single-cell analysis in acute myeloid leukemia.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a complex cancer, yet advances in recent years from integrated genomics methods have helped improve diagnosis, treatment, and means of patient stratification. A recent example of a powerful, multimodal method is DOGMA-seq, which can measure chromatin accessibility, gene expression, and cell-surface protein levels from the same individual cell simultaneously. Previous bimodal single-cell techniques, such as CITE-seq (Cellular indexing of transcriptomes and epitopes), have only permitted the transcriptome and cell-surface protein expression measurement.

N-((perfluorophenyl)amino)glutamine regulates BACE1, tau phosphorylation, synaptic function, and neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease models.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia. Its incidence is rising rapidly as the global population ages, leading to a significant social and economic burden. AD involves complex pathologies, including amyloid plaque accumulation, synaptic dysfunction, and neuroinflammation.

Patient-Provider Prenatal Nutrition Conversations Using a Human Factors Approach.

Objective: To examine patient-provider nutrition conversations at initial prenatal visits.

Design: Convergent mixed methods observational study.

Setting: Two large metropolitan clinics in the midwestern United States.

Comprehensive Analysis of Apigetrin's Effects on Liver Cancer Cells: Insights from Bioinformatics, In Vitro Studies, and Next-Generation Transcriptome Sequencing.

Despite numerous attempts to understand the molecular mechanisms behind the development of liver cancer, it continues to pose a significant worldwide health challenge. Transcriptome sequencing, a powerful tool in molecular biology, has played a pivotal role in uncovering the intricate gene expression profiles underlying hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In the present study, we identified a total of 808 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), with 584 exhibiting downregulation, and 224 showing upregulation following apigetrin treatment.

Optimization of Immunotherapy-Based Combinations for Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Network Meta-Analysis.

Background: Despite numerous meta-analyses comparing the efficacy and safety of immunotherapy-based combination therapies, the optimal therapeutic combinations remain unclear. This study aims to evaluate the optimal application of all immunotherapy-based combination therapy for advanced/metastatic renal cell carcinoma, focusing on efficacy and safety.

Methods: We systemically searched the Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and PubMed for studies regarding the first-line immunotherapy-based combination therapy in patients with advanced or metastatic renal cell carcinoma until April 15, 2024.

Future directions in the evaluation and management of newly diagnosed metastatic cancer.

There is a much debate regarding optimal selection in patients with metastatic cancer who should undergo local treatment (surgery or radiation treatment) to the primary tumor and/or metastases. Additionally, the optimal treatment of newly diagnosed metastatic cancer is largely unclear. Current prognostication systems to best inform these clinical scenarios are limited, as all metastatic patients are grouped together as having Stage IV disease without further incorporation of patient and disease-specific covariates that significantly impact patient outcomes.

Multi-modal learning-based algae phyla identification using image and particle modalities.

Algal blooms in freshwater, which are exacerbated by urbanization and climate change, pose significant challenges in the water treatment process. These blooms affect water quality and treatment efficiency. Effective identification of algal proliferation based on the dominant species is important to ensure safe drinking water and a clean water supply.

Metabolomics and network pharmacology approach to identify potential bioactive compounds from Trichoderma sp. against oral squamous cell carcinoma.

This study aimed to profile metabolites from five Trichoderma strains and assess their cytotoxic and pharmacological activities, particularly targeting oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). UHPLC-TOF-MS analysis revealed the presence of 25 compounds, including heptelidic acid, viridiol isomers, and sorbicillinol from the different Trichoderma extracts. Pharmacokinetic analysis showed moderate permeability and low interaction with P-glycoprotein, suggesting good drug absorption with minimal interference in cellular uptake.

The value of magnetic resonance imaging in predicting vesicovaginal fistula in cervical cancer with bladder invasion treated with definitive chemoradiotherapy.

Objectives: To assess the predictive value of magnetic resonance imaging for vesicovaginal fistula development in cervical cancer patients with bladder invasion treated with definitive chemoradiotherapy.

Methods: A retrospective review was conducted of the medical records of 43 cervical cancer patients with bladder invasion between 1999 and 2015. Bladder invasion was confirmed through magnetic resonance imaging (scores ≥3) or cystoscopic findings, with or without biopsy.

Evaluation of hazardous substances emitted during mask use.

This study evaluated the inhalation of mask-derived materials by simulating real breathing conditions and examined how the amount of inhaled materials varies with breathing flow rate and duration. Three types of non-certified reusable masks and two types of certified disposable masks were selected. For each mask, five different hazardous materials were captured and analyzed in three replicates with two breathing flow rates of 30 L/min and 85 L/min and two breathing time combinations of 15 min and 60 min.

Expansion of medical school admission quotas in Korea, is it really necessary?

Background: In 2024, the Korean Ministry of Health and Welfare enforced a policy to increase the number of medical school students by 2,000 over the next 5 years, despite opposition from doctors. This study aims to predict the trend of excess or shortage of medical personnel in Korea due to the policy of increasing the number of medical school students by 2035.

Methods: Data from multiple sources, including the Ministry of Health and Welfare, National Health Insurance Corporation, and the Korean Medical Association, were used to estimate supply and demand.

Association between intraoperative fluid management and postoperative outcomes in living kidney donors: a retrospective cohort study.

Optimal fluid strategy for laparoscopic donor nephrectomy (LDN) remains unclear. LDN has been a domain for liberal fluid management to ensure graft perfusion, but this can result in adverse outcomes due to fluid overload. We compared postoperative outcome of living kidney donors according to the intraoperative fluid management.

Muscle-Guided Mapping of the Post-Traumatic Heterotopic Ossification of the Elbow: A Novel CT-Based Study.

Background: Heterotopic ossification (HO) involves abnormal bone formation in soft tissues near joints, commonly occurring after elbow trauma or surgery, leading to pain and functional limitations. Previous studies have primarily characterized HO distribution based on bony landmarks, lacking a detailed investigation into the characteristics of its distribution in periarticular soft tissue in post-traumatic elbows. This study aimed to (1) develop a muscle-guided classification system using computed tomography (CT) to map HO relative to elbow muscle-tendon units and (2) investigate correlations between HO location and severity.

Effects of Different Humeral Stem Length on Stem Alignment and Proximal Stress Shielding in Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty.

Background: Few comparative studies on the correlation between stem length, stem alignment, and/or stress shielding have been conducted in reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (rTSA). This study aimed to investigate the effects of different humeral stem lengths on stem alignment and proximal stress shielding after rTSA.

Methods: A total of 320 patients who underwent primary rTSA from October 2010 to May 2020 with at least 2 years of follow-up (mean follow-up: 32.

A Joint three-plane Physics-constrained Deep learning based Polynomial Fitting Approach for MR Electrical Properties Tomography.

Magnetic resonance electrical properties tomography can extract the electrical properties of in-vivo tissue. To estimate tissue electrical properties, various reconstruction algorithms have been proposed. However, physics-based reconstructions are prone to various artifacts such as noise amplification and boundary artifact.

Label-free quantitative imaging of conjunctival goblet cells.

Purpose: To introduce and validate quantitative oblique back-illumination microscopy (qOBM) as a label-free, high-contrast imaging technique for visualizing conjunctival goblet cells (GCs) and assessing their functional changes.

Methods: qOBM was developed in conjunction with moxifloxacin-based fluorescence microscopy (MBFM), which was used for validating GC imaging. Initial validation was conducted with polystyrene beads, followed by testing on normal mouse conjunctiva under both ex-vivo and in-vivo conditions.

The incidence of Popeye Deformity after Soft Tissue Biceps Tenodesis is Comparable to Biceps Anchor Tenodesis and Lower than Biceps Tenotomy During Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair.

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Safety and efficacy of nipocalimab in adults with generalised myasthenia gravis (Vivacity-MG3): a phase 3, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

Background: Given burdensome side-effects and long latency for efficacy with conventional agents, there is a continued need for generalised myasthenia gravis treatments that are safe and provide consistently sustained, long-term disease control. Nipocalimab, a neonatal Fc receptor blocker, was associated with dose-dependent reductions in total IgG and anti-acetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibodies and clinically meaningful improvements in the Myasthenia Gravis Activities of Daily Living (MG-ADL) scale in patients with generalised myasthenia gravis in a phase 2 study. We aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of nipocalimab in a phase 3 study.

Advancing protein structure prediction beyond AlphaFold2.

Accurate prediction of protein structures is essential for understanding their biological functions. The release of AlphaFold2 in 2021 marked a significant breakthrough, delivering unprecedented accuracy. However, challenges remain, particularly for proteins with limited evolutionary data or complex molecular interactions.

Transcriptomic insights into the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis larvae in IL-1β-driven chondrosarcoma cells.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a complex, degenerative, multi-factorial joint disease. Because of the difficulty in treating OA, developing new targeting strategies that can be used to understand its molecular mechanisms is critical. Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis larvae offer much therapeutic value; however, the presence of various active compounds and the multi-factorial risk factors for OA render the precise mechanisms of action unclear.