Defining best practices for tissue procurement in immuno-oncology clinical trials: consensus statement from the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer Surgery Committee.

Immunotherapy is now a cornerstone for cancer treatment, and much attention has been placed on the identification of prognostic and predictive biomarkers. The success of biomarker development is dependent on accurate and timely collection of biospecimens and high-quality processing, storage and shipping. Tumors are also increasingly used as source material for the generation of therapeutic T cells.

Precision Medicine in Colorectal Surgery.

This article reviews advances in precision medicine for colorectal carcinoma that have influenced screening and treatment, and potentially prevention. Advances in molecular techniques have made it possible for better patient selection for therapies; therefore, mutational analysis should be performed at diagnosis to guide treatment. Future efforts should focus on validating these treatments in specific subgroups and on understanding the mechanisms of resistance to therapies to enable treatment optimization, promote efficacy, and reduce treatment costs and toxicities.

If we build it they will come: targeting the immune response to breast cancer.

Historically, breast cancer tumors have been considered immunologically quiescent, with the majority of tumors demonstrating low lymphocyte infiltration, low mutational burden, and modest objective response rates to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 monotherapy. Tumor and immunologic profiling has shed light on potential mechanisms of immune evasion in breast cancer, as well as unique aspects of the tumor microenvironment (TME). These include elements associated with antigen processing and presentation as well as immunosuppressive elements, which may be targeted therapeutically.

Two may be better than one: PD-1/PD-L1 blockade combination approaches in metastatic breast cancer.

Antibodies blocking programmed death 1 (anti-PD-1) or its ligand (anti-PD-L1) are associated with modest response rates as monotherapy in metastatic breast cancer, but are generally well tolerated and capable of generating dramatic and durable benefit in a minority of patients. Anti-PD-1/L1 antibodies are also safe when administered in combination with a variety of systemic therapies (chemotherapy, targeted therapies), as well as with radiotherapy. We summarize preclinical, translational, and preliminary clinical data in support of combination approaches with anti-PD-1/L1 in metastatic breast cancer, focusing on potential mechanisms of synergy, and considerations for clinical practice and future investigation.

Combination of Ipilimumab and Adoptive Cell Therapy with Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes for Patients with Metastatic Melanoma.

Purpose: Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) using tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) for metastatic melanoma can be highly effective, but attrition due to progression before TIL administration (32% in prior institutional experience) remains a limitation. We hypothesized that combining ACT with cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 blockade would decrease attrition and allow more patients to receive TIL.

Experimental Design: Thirteen patients with metastatic melanoma were enrolled.

Evaluation of invasive breast cancer samples using a 12-chemokine gene expression score: correlation with clinical outcomes.

Background: A unique 12-chemokine gene expression score (CS) accurately predicted the presence of tumor-localized, ectopic lymph node-like structures (TL-ELNs) and improved overall survival (OS) in primary colorectal cancer and metastatic melanoma. We analyzed the correlation between CS, clinicopathological variables, molecular data, and 366 survival in Moffitt Cancer Center's Total Cancer Care (TCC) patients with non-metastatic breast cancer.

Methods: Affymetrix gene expression profiles were used to interrogate the CS by the principal component method.

Complications and Recurrence in Implant-Sparing Oncologic Breast Surgery.

Background: Patients with a history of prior breast augmentation and newly diagnosed breast cancer represent a rapidly expanding and unique subset of patients. Prior studies have described changes in breast parenchyma and characteristic body habitus of previously augmented patients, as well as increased rates of capsular contracture associated with breast conservation therapy. In our current study, we aimed to study the risk factors contributing to morbidity and whether recurrence rates are higher in patients with prior breast augmentation undergoing lumpectomy or mastectomy for breast cancer and identify differences in complications between these 2 groups.

Single Institution Review of Patients With Prior Breast Augmentation Undergoing Breast Conservation Therapy for Breast Cancer.

Background: Increasing number of patients with preexisting breast implants desire breast conservation therapy for breast cancer. There is paucity of comparative data on tumor margins and re-excisions in these patients. High re-excision rates up to 25% have been reported in breast conservation therapy patients; efforts to obtain cosmesis and avoid implant rupture might increase this further.

Resection of Gastrointestinal Metastases in Stage IV Melanoma: Correlation with Outcomes.

The prognosis of patients with gastrointestinal (GI) melanoma metastases is poor. Surgery renders select patients disease free and/or palliates symptoms. We reviewed our single-institution experience of resection with GI melanoma metastases.

Comparison of Reconstructive Outcomes in Breast Cancer Patients With Preexisting Subpectoral Implants: Implant-Sparing Mastectomy With Delayed Implant Exchange Versus Immediate Tissue Expander Reconstruction.

Background: Women who have undergone prior augmentation mammoplasty represent a unique subset of breast cancer patients with several options available for breast reconstruction. We performed a single institution review of surgical outcomes of breast reconstruction performed in patients with breast cancer with prior history of subpectoral breast augmentation.

Methods: Institutional review board-approved retrospective review was conducted among patients with previously mentioned criteria treated at our institution between 2000 and 2014.

Outcomes of Breast Reconstruction After Mastectomy Using Tissue Expander and Implant Reconstruction.

Objective: Considerable attention has been given to patient-reported outcomes in breast reconstruction. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of postreconstruction change in breast volume on validated patient satisfaction survey scores.

Methods: Patients undergoing skin-sparing mastectomy followed by tissue expander/implant reconstruction between July 2010 and July 2014 by a single surgeon were given postoperative patient-reported satisfaction surveys (BREAST-Q).