Characterization of Gaze Metrics and Visual Search Pattern Among Glaucoma Patients While Viewing Real-World Images.

Prcis: We quantified and compared the gaze metrics during target-oriented visual search tasks between glaucoma and healthy controls. On the basis of a mathematical concept we showed that due to glaucoma, focal search becomes prominent over global search.

Purpose: Visual search (VS) which is essential for target identification and navigation is significantly impacted by glaucoma.

Impact of Monocular and Binocular Visual Function Parameters on Vision-Related Quality of Life in Glaucoma.

Prcis: This study describes the impact of monocular (M/O) and binocular (B/O) visual function decline, primarily the contrast sensitivity (CS) and visual field (VF) defect severity and its location, on the subjective perception of quality of life (QoL) among the Indian glaucoma population with spared central acuity.

Aim: To investigate the influence of M/O and B/O visual function parameters on vision-related QoL (VRQoL) in glaucoma with spared central visual acuity.

Materials And Methods: Glaucoma subjects underwent M/O and B/O visual acuity, CS assessment, followed by the M/O perimetry from which the integrated VF was estimated (B/O summation method).

GRP78 and next generation cancer hallmarks: An underexplored molecular target in cancer chemoprevention research.

Glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP 78), a master regulator of endoplasmic reticulum stress has been reported to be up regulated in various cancers and remains a crucial link between tumor glycolysis and tumor microenvironment. Overexpressed GRP78 has also shown to induce immune suppressive molecules and thereby tumor immune evasion. On the other hand emerging reports indicates that the next generation hallmarks viz.

Morin supplementation modulates PERK branch of UPR and mitigates 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced angiogenesis and oxidative stress in the colon of experimental rats.

Angiogenesis, disturbance in redox homeostasis, and deregulated redox signaling are considered as common hallmarks of cancer progression and chemo resistance. In this context, PERK (protein kinase PKR-like ER kinase) branch of the unfolded protein response (UPR), an adaptive mechanism triggered by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress to cope with protein misfolding and perturbed proteostasis, has shown to regulate angiogenesis and oxidative stress. This study aimed to investigate the impact of morin, a poly phenolic compound from the family of on PERK-Nrf2-VEGF axis in experimental rats challenged with the colon specific procarcinogen 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH).

Supplementation of p-coumaric acid exhibits chemopreventive effect via induction of Nrf2 in a short-term preclinical model of colon cancer.

Suppression of colorectal cancer by means of chemoprevention is gaining great attention owing to promising outcomes with less adverse effects in preclinical and clinical trials. The present study aims to explore the mechanism of chemoprevention by p-coumaric acid (p-CA) in a short-term preclinical model of colon cancer. 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-administered rats supplemented with p-CA showed downregulation of the expression of colonic proteins, namely, cyclin B1, cdc2 and mdm2, which regulate cell cycle, and immediate early response genes, namely, c-fos, c-jun and c-myc, which regulate cell proliferation.

Antiproliferative effect of p-Coumaric acid targets UPR activation by downregulating Grp78 in colon cancer.

p-CA is a naturally occurring phenolic acid present in most plants and in all commonly consumed vegetables and fruits. Here we demonstrated the anti-cancer effect of the food borne phytochemical p-CA both in vitro and in vivo models of colon cancer using growth rate and tumor incidence as endpoints. Glucose regulated protein (GRP78) induction and UPR activation plays a key role in oncogenic progression, therefore increased dependence of cancer cells on these UPR signaling pathways for survival can be exploited for anti-cancer research.

Molecular chemoprevention by morin - A plant flavonoid that targets nuclear factor kappa B in experimental colon cancer.

Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer worldwide. The development of effective, inexpensive and safe chemopreventive agents would be of great benefit as it involves use of natural products to prevent or suppress the progression of precursor lesions. Morin a flavonoid found in figs (Ficus carica) and other plants is shown to inhibit 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) induced colon cancer progression in a short term and long term model of colon cancer rats; however, the molecular target for the colon cancer chemoprotective efficacy of morin is yet to be discovered.

Protective effect of p-coumaric acid against 1,2 dimethylhydrazine induced colonic preneoplastic lesions in experimental rats.

Oxidative stress and gut microbial enzymes are intricately linked to the onset of colon carcinogenesis. Phytochemicals that modulate these two factors hold promise for the development of such agents as anticancer drugs. The present study evaluates the chemopreventive potential of p-coumaric acid (p-CA) - a phenolic acid in rats challenged with the colon specific procarcinogen DMH (1,2 di-methyl hydrazine).

Morin and Esculetin supplementation modulates c-myc induced energy metabolism and attenuates neoplastic changes in rats challenged with the procarcinogen 1,2 - dimethylhydrazine.

Targeting tumor metabolism by natural products is a novel approach and provides rationale for anti-cancer drug discovery. The present study aims to explore the impact of morin and/or esculetin on c-myc induced energy metabolism in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) induced colon cancer in rats. In order to achieve this aim we analyzed the expression of glucose and glutamine transporters and the key enzymes of glycolytic pathway besides the markers of neoplastic changes viz.

Terpenoids as anti-colon cancer agents - A comprehensive review on its mechanistic perspectives.

Multistep model of colon carcinogenesis has provided the framework to advance our understanding of the molecular basis of colon cancer. This multistage process of carcinogenesis takes a long period to transform from a normal epithelial cell to invasive carcinoma. Thus, it provides enough time to intervene the process of carcinogenesis especially through dietary modification.

Chemopreventive agents targeting tumor microenvironment.

Recent studies have shown that tumor development and progression depend not only on the perturbed genes that govern cell proliferation, but is also highly determined by the non-tumor cells of the stromal compartment surrounding the tumor called tumor microenvironment (TME). These findings highlight the importance of targeting the microenvironment in combination with therapies aimed at tumor cells as a valuable approach. The innate and adaptive immune cells in the TME interact among themselves and also with the endothelial cells, pericytes and mast cells of the stromal compartment through various autocrine and paracrine manner to regulate abnormal cell proliferation.

Silibinin-mediated metabolic reprogramming attenuates pancreatic cancer-induced cachexia and tumor growth.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the US. Cancer-associated cachexia is present in up to 80% of PDAC patients and is associated with aggressive disease and poor prognosis. In the present studies we evaluated an anti-cancer natural product silibinin for its effectiveness in targeting pancreatic cancer aggressiveness and the cachectic properties of pancreatic cancer cells and tumors.

Ferulic acid pretreatment mitigates MPTP-induced motor impairment and histopathological alterations in C57BL/6 mice.

Context: Ferulic acid (FA) is a potent ubiquitous plant antioxidant found in cereals such as brown rice, whole wheat, and oats. Phytochemical-based antioxidants are shown to be effective in neurodegenerative diseases. This study hypothesizes that supplementation of FA might combat oxidative stress-induced Parkinson's disease (PD).

Factors influencing medical students' choice of future specialization in medical sciences: a cross-sectional questionnaire survey from medical schools in china, malaysia and regions of South asian association for regional cooperation.

Background: In future, increase in the number of healthcare professionals is dependent on the career interest among present undergraduate medical students. Based on their interest to pursue their specialty, the availability of medical doctors in each specialty could be done.

Aims: This study was to find out future career interest and factors that influence undergraduate medical students to choose their future specialization.

Extracellular synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticle using seaweeds of gulf of Mannar, India.

Background: The biosynthesis of metal nanoparticles by marine resources is thought to be clean, nontoxic, and environmentally acceptable "green procedures". Marine ecosystems are very important for the overall health of both marine and terrestrial environments. The use of natural sources like Marine biological resources essential for nanotechnology.

Synonymous codon usage in chloroplast genome of Coffea arabica.

Synonymous codon usage of 53 protein coding genes in chloroplast genome of Coffea arabica was analyzed for the first time to find out the possible factors contributing codon bias. All preferred synonymous codons were found to use A/T ending codons as chloroplast genomes are rich in AT. No difference in preference for preferred codons was observed in any of the two strands, viz.

Antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic, and renoprotective effects of Chlorella pyrenoidosa in diabetic rats exposed to cadmium.

Objective: The objective of the present study is to evaluate the antihyperlipidemic effect of Chlorella pyrenoidosa in diabetic rats exposed to cadmium (Cd).

Materials And Methods: Group 1 and 2 rats were treated as control and C. pyrenoidosa control.

Cost of dry eye treatment in an Asian clinic setting.

Objectives: To estimate the cost and patterns of expenditure of dry eye treatment.

Methodology: We retrieved data on the type and cost of dry eye treatment in Singapore National Eye Centre from pharmacy and clinic inventory databases over a 2 year period (2008-2009) retrospectively. According to the type of treatment, data were sorted into 7 groups; meibomien gland disease (MGD) treatment, preservative free lubricant eye drops, preserved lubricant eye drops, lubricant ointments and gels, cyclosporine eye drops, oral supplements and non-pharmacological treatments/procedures.

Colon cancer chemopreventive efficacy of silibinin through perturbation of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes in experimental rats.

Our findings reported so far demonstrate that silibinin modulates gut microbial enzymes, colonic oxidative stress and Wnt/β-catenin signaling, to exert its antiproliferative effect against 1,2 di-methylhydrazine (DMH) induced colon carcinogenesis. Since xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes play a crucial role in carcinogen activation and metabolism, we aimed to explore the effect of silibinin on xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes during DMH induced colon carcinogenesis. Male albino rats were randomly divided into six groups.

Oral supplementation of silibinin prevents colon carcinogenesis in a long term preclinical model.

Chemoprevention through dietary intervention is an emerging option to reduce colon cancer mortality. beta-catenin plays an important role in the Wnt signaling cascade that is most commonly dysregulated in colorectal cancer. Our aim was to explore the modulatory effect of silibinin on beta-catenin expression employing 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) induced colon cancer in male Wistar rats as an experimental model during the different stages of carcinogenesis.

Effect of blood pressure on the retinal vasculature in a multi-ethnic Asian population.

Blood pressure has a significant effect on retinal arterioles. There are few data on whether this effect varies by race/ethnicity. We examined the relationship of blood pressure and retinal vascular caliber in a multi-ethnic Asian population.

Silibinin modulates biotransforming microbial enzymes and prevents 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced preneoplastic changes in experimental colon cancer.

Chemoprevention directed towards the control of colon carcinogenesis in its early stages should ultimately provide a higher quality of life for people than waiting to treat end-stage disease. Silibinin is a major bioactive compound that is present in the widely consumed dietary supplement Silymarin. The current investigation aimed to explore the effect of the phytochemical silibinin on the suppression of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colonic preneoplastic changes in a long-term preclinical model.

Silibinin ameliorates oxidative stress induced aberrant crypt foci and lipid peroxidation in 1, 2 dimethylhydrazine induced rat colon cancer.

Pharmacological intervention to reduce CRC mortality entails the use of oral agents that can avert carcinogenesis. Silibinin, a major component of silymarin isolated from Silybum marianum (L.) was found to possess attractive remedial features.