Effectiveness of a mental health literacy module on stigma related mental health knowledge and behaviour among youth in two educational settings in Chennai, South India: A quasi-experimental study.

Background: Improving mental health literacy (MHL) can reduce stigma towards mental illness, decreasing delays in help-seeking for mental disorders such as psychosis. We aimed to develop and assess the impact of an interactive MHL intervention on stigma related mental health knowledge and behaviour (SRMHKB) among youth in two urban colleges in South India.

Methods: Incorporating input from stakeholders (students, teachers, and mental health professionals), we developed a mental health literacy module to address SRMHKB.

Designing and implementing a physical exercise intervention for people with first episode psychosis using experience-based co-design: A pilot study from Chennai, India.

Background: Physical exercise can improve outcomes for people with first-episode psychosis (FEP). Co-designing physical exercise interventions with end users has the potential to enhance their acceptability, feasibility, and long-term viability. This study's objective was to use experience-based co-design (EBCD) methodology to develop a physical exercise intervention for FEP, and pilot test it.

The PocketPerio application significantly increases the accuracy of diagnosing periodontal conditions in didactic and chairside settings.

The study aimed to determine the accuracy of diagnosing periodontal conditions using the developed web-based PocketPerio application and evaluate the user's perspective on the use of PocketPerio. First, 22 third-year dental students (DS3) diagnosed ten cases without PocketPerio (control) and with PocketPerio (test) during a mock examination. Then, 105 DS3, 13 fourth-year dental students (DS4), and 32 senior second-year International Standing Program students (ISP2) used PocketPerio chairside.

Patient awareness of the association between periodontal and systemic diseases in an academic setting.

Background: Periodontal diseases (PD) have been increasingly associated with several systemic conditions such as cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes mellitus (DM), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study aimed to gain insight into patients' awareness of the association between PD and systemic diseases.

Methods: A survey was developed to analyze patient awareness of the association between PD and systemic diseases.

Periodontitis and cardiovascular risk factors in subjects with and without type 1 diabetes: A cross sectional analysis.

Aims: This cross-sectional analysis explored the relationships between periodontal disease (PD) and subclinical CVD in a cohort of patients with type 1 diabetes and non-diabetic controls.

Methods: Data were collected from adults enrolled in the Coronary Artery Calcification in Type 1 Diabetes (CACTI) study or enrolled through the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes Adult Clinic. A clinical periodontal exam measured attachment loss and probing depth.

Oral mucosal breaks trigger anti-citrullinated bacterial and human protein antibody responses in rheumatoid arthritis.

Periodontal disease is more common in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who have detectable anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs), implicating oral mucosal inflammation in RA pathogenesis. Here, we performed paired analysis of human and bacterial transcriptomics in longitudinal blood samples from RA patients. We found that patients with RA and periodontal disease experienced repeated oral bacteremias associated with transcriptional signatures of ISG15HLADR and CD48S100A2 monocytes, recently identified in inflamed RA synovia and blood of those with RA flares.

The Surgical Anatomy of the Greater Palatine Artery: A Human Cadaver Study.

Identifying the accurate location of the greater palatine artery (GPA) can be challenging. The purpose of the present cadaver study was to determine the location of the GPA from the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) of the maxillary canine to second molar teeth and to define its relationship with the palatal vault height (PVH) in Caucasian cadavers. Sixty-six sections from fully or partially dentate cadavers were examined.

Community stakeholders' perspectives on youth mental health in India: Problems, challenges and recommendations.

Background: India has a large youth population whose mental health needs must be addressed. This includes promotion of positive mental health, with early detection and effective intervention for mental health disorders. Understanding the perspectives of community stakeholders working with youth is pivotal to this effort.

Situational analysis of prevailing practices in the management of first-episode psychosis in Chennai, India.

Aim: This paper aims to examine how existing mental health within the city of Chennai, India manages first-episode psychosis, to determine lacunae and barriers in providing effective early intervention and to make appropriate recommendations to improve the care of first-episode psychosis patients.

Methods: Interviews were held with 15 health professionals to capture information on current practices and facilities available for the management of first-episode psychosis.

Results: No specialized clinic or services were available for individuals with first-episode psychosis in Chennai, except one.

Sex-related differences in the distance of the mental foramen to the cementoenamel junction in adults: a study using cone beam computed tomography.

Injury to the contents of the mental foramen (MF) can be minimized by using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) to determine the exact location of the MF prior to surgical procedures. In this retrospective study, variations in the vertical position of the MF between adult men and women older than 18 years were investigated using CBCT. The distance between the superior border of the MF and the most apical aspect of the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) of the mandibular second premolar was measured.

Opioid Abuse and Dependence in Those Hospitalized Due to Head and Neck Cancer.

Purpose: In the United States, 2.1 million people develop substance abuse disorders that are associated with prescribed opioids. The objective of the present study was to identify the factors associated with opioid abuse and dependence (OAD) in those hospitalized for head and neck cancer (HNC).

Opioid abuse/dependence among those hospitalized due to periapical abscess.

Aim: Opioid abuse/dependence (OAD) is an emerging public health crisis in the USA. The aim of the present study was to estimate the nationwide prevalence of OAD in those hospitalized due to periapical abscess in the USA.

Methods: The Nationwide Inpatient Sample for 2012-2014 was used.

Dental Students' Reflections on Quality of Periodontal Care in Dental School Clinics.

The aim of this study was to analyze dental students' descriptions of and reflections on the periodontal care they provided for their patients in dental school clinics. All students enrolled in the final year of the DDS program in 2011-14 at the University of Colorado School of Dental Medicine were required to complete a self-assessment of the periodontal care they provided for patients. Assessments from 263 students were compiled and qualitatively analyzed.

Stimulation of periodontal ligament stem cells by dentin matrix protein 1 activates mitogen-activated protein kinase and osteoblast differentiation.

Background: Periodontitis can ultimately result in tooth loss. Many natural and synthetic materials have been tried to achieve periodontal regeneration, but the results remain variable and unpredictable. We hypothesized that exogenous treatment with dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1) activates specific genes and results in phenotypic and functional changes in human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs).

Histone deacetylases facilitate sodium/calcium exchanger up-regulation in adult cardiomyocytes.

It is becoming increasingly evident that histone deacetylases (HDACs) have a prominent role in the alteration of gene expression during the growth remodeling process of cardiac hypertrophy. HDACs are generally viewed as corepressors of gene expression. However, we demonstrate that class I and class II HDACs play an important role in the basal expression and up-regulation of the sodium calcium exchanger (Ncx1) gene in adult cardiomyocytes.

Substrate specificity of lipases in alkoxycarbonylation reaction: QSAR model development and experimental validation.

Although lipases are known to catalyze alkoxycarbonylation reactions in organic solvents, the existing knowledge base on their substrate specificity in alkoxycarbonylation reaction is sparse. Moreover, models to predict substrate specificity have not been reported. Here, we report the experimentally measured rate constants for 180 acyl donor-alcohol pairs and demonstrate the two-step synthesis of over 70 disubstituted carbonate products from simple precursors such as diphenyl carbonate and alcohols.

Method for lipase-catalyzed carbonate synthesis via one- and two-step alkoxycarbonylation reactions.

Lipase-catalyzed alkoxycarbonylation methods offer potential advantages over the currently practiced industrial scale chemical synthesis of carbonates. We report a method for synthesis of organic carbonates via lipase-catalyzed alkoxycarbonylation between diphenyl carbonate and various alcohols in hexane. This method utilizes precursors that are readily available and does not involve extensive purification of the intermediate.