Multicenter Validation of the Ocular Myasthenia Gravis Rating Scale Questionnaire.

Background And Objectives: Ocular myasthenia gravis (OMG) causes disabling ocular symptoms of ptosis and diplopia, but a validated disease-specific patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) has not been reported. We sought to validate a novel PROM for OMG, OMG Rating Scale Questionnaire (OMGRate-q), as a measure of visual functioning to support patient-centered care.

Methods: This was a prospective study of patients aged 18 years and older with OMG receiving care at 3 medical centers (January 2022-October 2023).

Brain MRI Lesions in Alexia Without Agraphia: A Case-Control Study.

Background: Alexia without agraphia (AWA) is an acquired reading disturbance associated with left posterior cerebral artery (PCA) infarction. Based on autopsy and neuroimaging, there are two explanations for its pathogenesis: a visual cortex-language cortex disconnection and a visual word-form agnosia. Our goal was to discover if more refined brain imaging in a case-control study would provide further imaging support for either of these hypotheses.

Facilitators and Barriers to Weight Loss Among Patients With Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension.

Background: Little is known about motivation for weight loss and barriers to weight loss among patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). Such information is crucial for developing tailored weight management recommendations and novel interventions.

Methods: We administered a survey to patients with IIH presenting to neuro-ophthalmology clinics at The University of Michigan Kellogg Eye Center (Michigan, USA) and St.

A Teenage Boy With a Radiation-Induced High-Grade Astrocytoma.

A 12-year-old boy developed acute headache and vomiting. MRI brain showed a partially cystic suprasellar mass. He underwent cyst fenestration, but the cyst regrew, so he underwent transcranial subtotal resection of the mass.

Adhatoda vasica and Tinospora cordifolia extracts ameliorate clinical and molecular markers in mild COVID-19 patients: a randomized open-label three-armed study.

Background: SARS-CoV-2 infections caused mild-to-moderate illness. However, a sizable portion of infected people experience a rapid progression of hyper-inflammatory and hypoxic respiratory illness that necessitates an effective and safer remedy to combat COVID-19.

Methods: A total of 150 COVID-19-positive patients with no to mild symptoms, between the age groups 19-65 years were enrolled in this randomized, open-labeled three-armed clinical trial.

A prospective, randomised, single-blinded controlled trial comparing ultrasound versus nerve stimulator guidance for interscalene block for ambulatory upper limb surgeries.

Background: Interscalene block is usually performed using either ultrasound (US) or nerve stimulator (NS) guidance. This single-blinded, prospective, randomised study was performed to find out whether US was able to offer distinct advantages over conventional NS guidance.

Methods: 100 patients in the American Society of Anaesthesiology (ASA) physical status I to III, aged 18-70 years were randomised into US guided or NS guided group for interscalene block with 15 ml 0.

Levonorgestrel intrauterine device use and incident idiopathic intracranial hypertension among commercially insured women.

Objectives: To estimate the hazard of incident idiopathic intracranial hypertension, a potentially blinding condition, among women using levonorgestrel intrauterine devices (LNG-IUD) compared to copper IUD, as conflicting associations have been reported.

Study Design: This retrospective, longitudinal cohort study identified women ages 18-45 years in a large care network (January 1, 2001, to December 31, 2015) using LNG-IUD, subcutaneous etonogestrel implant, copper IUD, tubal device/surgery, or hysterectomy. Incident idiopathic intracranial hypertension was defined as the first diagnosis code for after 1 year without any codes and following brain imaging or lumbar puncture.

Anaesthetic management of robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery.

Recent trend shows that minimally invasive surgery is in great demand. Robot-assisted procedures have become more popular, as they overcome several drawbacks of traditional laparoscopic techniques. Robotic surgery, however, might necessitate changes in how patients are positioned and how staff and equipment are organised generally, which might go against the traditional approach to anaesthesia care.

Quadratus lumborum block versus transversus abdominis plane block for post Caesarean analgesia: A randomized prospective controlled study.

Background: Effective postoperative analgesia after lower segment caesarean section (LSCS) is very important for early ambulation and early breast feeding and has a role to play in decreasing postpartum depression. Quadratus lumborum (QL) block, a fascial plane block, is gaining popularity for pain management in lower abdominal surgeries. The aim of the present study was to compare the ultrasound-guided (USG) transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block and QL block in patients undergoing LSCS under spinal anaesthesia.

Prevalence of the Infantile Strabismus Complex in Premature Children With and Without Periventricular Leukomalacia.

Purpose: To determine whether rates of strabismus and associated visuomotor deficits differed among children with different severities of periventricular leukomalacia (PVL).

Design: Retrospective, case-control study.

Methods: Brain magnetic resonance images (MRI) obtained from 98 children aged ≥2 years were analyzed using a standardized scoring system: 67 of 98 had PVL (mean GA 31 weeks) and 31 of 98 did not have PVL (mean GA 29 weeks).

The Pediatric Optic Neuritis Prospective Outcomes Study: Two-Year Results.

Purpose: Pediatric optic neuritis (ON) is a rare disease that has not been well characterized. The Pediatric ON Prospective Outcomes Study (PON1) was the first prospective study to our knowledge aiming to evaluate visual acuity (VA) outcomes, including VA, recurrence risk, and final diagnosis 2 years after enrollment.

Design: Nonrandomized observational study at 23 pediatric ophthalmology or neuro-ophthalmology clinics in the United States and Canada.

Acute perioperative hyperlactatemia in oncoplastic reconstructive surgeries: What is the significance?

Background And Aims: We aim to study the significance of intraoperative hyperlactatemia in reconstructive oncoplastic surgery.

Material And Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted on a cohort of patients who underwent reconstructive oncoplastic surgery with free flap for oral cancer over a 6-month period. The study population was divided into two groups based on peak lactate levels.

Normalization of electroretinogram and symptom resolution of melanoma-associated retinopathy with negative autoantibodies after treatment with programmed death-1 (PD-1) inhibitors for metastatic melanoma.

Melanoma-associated retinopathy (MAR) is a paraneoplastic syndrome that involves the production of autoantibodies which can cross-react with retinal epitopes leading to visual symptoms. Autoantibodies can target intracellular proteins, and only a few are directed against membrane proteins. This discrepancy in autoantibody-protein target can translate into different immune responses (T-cell mediated vs B-cell mediated).

Assessment of Pediatric Optic Neuritis Visual Acuity Outcomes at 6 Months.

Importance: Optic neuritis (ON) in children is uncommon. There are limited prospective data for visual acuity (VA) outcomes, associated diseases, and neuroimaging findings. Prospective data from a large sample would be useful for counseling families on treatment decisions and prognosis.

VitiVar: A locus specific database of vitiligo associated genes and variations.

Vitiligo is the most common skin pigmentation disorder which affects around 1% of the population worldwide. The disease has complex pathogenesis and is of multifactorial etiology, that finally culminates in patchy depigmentation of skin. Genetic contribution to the disease is well studied, however the information about multiple associated genes and contributing variations are scattered across the literature.

Ectopia lentis in Loeys-Dietz syndrome type 4.

Loeys-Dietz syndrome is a heritable disorder of the connective tissue leading to multisystem involvement including craniofacial features, skeletal abnormalities, cutaneous findings and early-onset and aggressive disease of the aorta and its branches. There are multiple types of Loeys-Dietz syndrome related to pathogenic variants in TGFBR1, TGFBR2, SMAD3, TGFB2, and TGFB3. Individuals with Loeys-Dietz syndrome may be misdiagnosed as having Marfan syndrome due to shared phenotypic features and aortic root dilation.

Review of adjuvants to local anesthetics in peripheral nerve blocks: Current and future trends.

In recent anesthetic practice, peripheral nerve blocks (PNBs) are used extensively for surgical anesthesia and nonsurgical analgesia. PNBs offer many benefits over other anesthetic techniques in a certain population of patients, and in some specific clinical setting, that may contribute to faster and safer pain relief, increased patient satisfaction, reduced hospital stay, and decreased overall healthcare cost. The technique involves the injection of the anesthetic in the vicinity of a specific nerve or bundle of nerves to block the sensation of pain transmitting to a specific portion of the body.

A randomized study to compare palonosetron with ondansetron for prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting following middle ear surgeries.

Background And Aims: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) has multifactorial etiology. It is a commonly encountered morbidity after anesthesia specially following middle ear surgery. Various antiemetic medications have been tried with mixed responses.

Robotic thoracic surgery in inflammatory and infective diseases.

Tuberculosis and inflammatory conditions are endemic in India and South-East Asia. They cause intense inflammatory reactions and adhesions, thus making surgical resection difficult. In 2009, we installed an intuitive da Vinci HDSi robot to perform our surgery as a part of a robotic thoracic surgery unit.