Molecular characterization, expression and in-silico analysis of fibrinogen-related protein 1 (frep1) in malaria vector Anopheles stephensi.

Background: Fibrinogen-related protein 1 (frep1) is a member of the pattern-recognizing receptor family (PRR) which generates an innate immune response after recognizing the pattern associated molecular pattern (PAMP) that occurs on the surface of microorganisms. The main objective of this study is to characterize frep1 and its in-silico analysis in Anopheles stephensi.

Methods And Result: The DNA was extracted from female Anopheles stephensi.

A review on RNA interference studies in Anophelines to reveal candidate genes for malaria transmission blocking vaccine.

Malaria is a major public health concern. The development of parasite-based vaccine RTS/AS01 has some therapeutic value but its lower efficacy is one of the major limitations. Mosquito-based transmission-blocking vaccines could have a higher potential for parasite inhibition within the mosquitoes.

Transovarial transmission of mosquito-borne viruses: a systematic review.

Background: A number of mosquito-borne viruses (MBVs), such as dengue virus (DENV), zika virus (ZIKV), chikungunya (CHIKV), West Nile virus (WNV), and yellow fever virus (YFV) exert adverse health impacts on the global population. and are the prime vectors responsible for the transmission of these viruses. The viruses have acquired a number of routes for successful transmission, including horizontal and vertical transmission.