A systematic review and meta-analysis to develop a landscape map of antibiotic resistance for six WHO priority pathogens in east and north-east India from 2011 to 2022.

Background: Determining regional patterns of antimicrobial resistance in bacterial infections in the healthcare setting (AMR) identifies surveillance gaps and informs policies for mitigation. We estimated the prevalence of AMR for six WHO priority pathogens in diagnostic and surveillance samples in the twelve east and north-east Indian states from 2011 to 2022 (PROSPERO ID: CRD42021278961).

Methods: Studies were searched on Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science.

Factors influencing vaccine acceptance in pregnancy during the COVID-19 pandemic: A multicenter study from West Bengal, India.

Influenza, COVID-19, tetanus, pertussis and hepatitis B pose increased risk for pregnant women and infants and could be mitigated by maternal immunization. In India Tetanus-diphtheria (Td) and COVID-19 vaccines are recommended during pregnancy, while influenza and tetanus-acellular pertussis-diphtheria (Tdap) vaccines are not. We conducted a multicenter study from November 2021 to June 2022 among pregnant women ( = 172) attending antenatal clinics in three public hospitals in West Bengal, to understand the factors that influence women's decisions to get vaccinated during pregnancy.

Shifting research priorities in maternal and child health in the COVID-19 pandemic era in India: A renewed focus on systems strengthening.

Background: The remarkable progress seen in maternal and child health (MCH) in India over the past two decades has been impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to undertake a rapid assessment to identify key priorities for public health research in MCH in India within the context and aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: A web-based survey was developed to identify top research priorities in MCH.

Association of nasopharyngeal viruses and pathogenic bacteria in children and their parents with and without HIV.

Background: Bacteria and respiratory viruses co-occur in the nasopharynx, and their interactions may impact pathogenesis of invasive disease. Associations of viruses and bacteria in the nasopharynx may be affected by HIV.

Methods: We conducted a nested case-control study from a larger cohort study of banked nasopharyngeal swabs from families with and without HIV in West Bengal India, to look at the association of viruses and bacteria in the nasopharynx of parents and children when they are asymptomatic.

Increased household exposure to respiratory pathogens in HIV exposed uninfected children due to maternal HIV.

Little is known about household exposures to respiratory pathogens in HIV-exposed uninfected children (HEU) in Indian families. This case series investigates the nasopharyngeal carriage of , , and respiratory viruses at multiple points in three mother child pairs: (1) an HIV-infected child and mother, (2) an HEU child and HIV-infected mother, and (3) an HIV-unexposed uninfected (HUU) child and mother. Nasopharyngeal carriage densities of and were higher in mothers and children living in HIV-affected households, regardless of the child's HIV status.

Addressing Hand Hygiene Compliance in a Low-Resource Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: a Quality Improvement Project.

Objective: Our goal for this study was to quantify healthcare provider compliance with hand hygiene protocols and develop a conceptual framework for increasing hand hygiene compliance in a low-resource neonatal intensive care unit.

Materials And Methods: We developed a 3-phase intervention that involved departmental discussion, audit, and follow-up action. A 4-month unobtrusive audit during night and day shifts was performed.

Nasopharyngeal Pneumococcal Colonization and Impact of a Single Dose of 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Indian Children With HIV and Their Unvaccinated Parents.

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection increases risk of invasive disease from Streptococcus pneumoniae. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV) prevent invasive disease and acquisition of vaccine type (VT) pneumococcus in the nasopharynx.

Objective: To look at the safety and impact of one dose of PCV13 on acquisition of VT pneumococcal carriage in Indian children with HIV.

Immediate access to antiretroviral therapy is important in children living with HIV.

This article reviews a case of a child with perinatal HIV followed for 30 months during a prospective cohort study on pneumonia prevention in HIV-infected children. The point of this case report is to illustrate how delayed access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) in HIV-infected children impacts immunization response and growth. Given the WHO's early release guideline changes on ART recommendations and the expected full revised guidelines coming out this year, this article is a timely discussion on the need for access to ART for HIV infected Indian children regardless of CD4 count.

Impact of Haemophilus influenzae Type B Conjugate Vaccines on Nasopharyngeal Carriage in HIV-infected Children and Their Parents From West Bengal, India.

Background: In addition to reducing Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) disease in vaccinated individuals, the Hib conjugate vaccine (HibCV) has indirect effects; it reduces Hib disease in unvaccinated individuals by decreasing carriage. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children are at increased risk for Hib disease and live in families where multiple members may have HIV. The aim of this study is to look at the impact of 2 doses of the HibCV on nasopharyngeal carriage of Hib in HIV-infected Indian children (2-15 years) and the indirect impact on carriage in their parents.

Immunogenicity and safety of two doses of catch-up immunization with Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine in Indian children living with HIV.

Background: Children living with HIV are at increased risk of disease from Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib). Data are limited on the immunogenicity of a two-dose, catch-up schedule for Hib conjugate vaccine (HibCV) among HIV-infected children accessing antiretroviral therapy (ART) late.

Objectives: The objectives of the study were to: (1) evaluate baseline immunity to Hib and the immunogenicity and safety of two doses of HibCV among HIV-infected Indian children; and (2) document the threshold antibody level required to prevent Hib colonization among HIV-infected children following immunization.

Risk factors for incomplete immunization in children with HIV infection.

Objective: To document the immunization rates, factors associated with incomplete immunization, and missed opportunities for immunizations in children affected by HIV presenting for routine outpatient follow-up.

Methods: A cross-sectional study of immunization status of children affected by HIV presenting for routine outpatient care was conducted.

Results: Two hundred and six HIV affected children were enrolled.

Associations between potential bacterial pathogens in the nasopharynx of HIV infected children.

Objective: To investigate bacterial associations of S. pneumoniae, S. aureus, and H.

Isoniazid preventive therapy programmes for healthcare workers in India: translating evidence into policy.

Background: Occupational tuberculosis (TB) among healthcare workers (HCWs) is an important public health issue, especially in India where HCWs are exposed to a high burden of TB and infrastructural infection control procedures are inadequate. We examined the need for implementing isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) programmes to protect Indian HCWs from occupational TB.

Methods: Bardach's 8-fold path was followed to analyse and formulate the policy for introducing IPT programmes for HCWs in India.

High rates of colonization with drug resistant hemophilus influenzae type B and Streptococccus Pneumoniae in unvaccinated HIV infected children from West Bengal.

Objective: To determine nasopharyngeal colonization rates of two vaccine preventable bacterial pathogens Hemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), and Streptococcus pneumoniae (Pneumococcus), antibiotic susceptibility of isolates, factors associated with their colonization, and immunization history in a cohort of HIV infected children.

Methods: The authors conducted a cross-sectional nasopharyngeal swab survey of 151 children affected with HIV presenting for routine outpatient care in West Bengal, India.

Results: 151 HIV affected children were enrolled.

Isolation and sequencing of a novel tropomyosin isoform preferentially associated with colon cancer.

Background & Aims: Nonmuscle human tropomyosin (hTM) isoforms have distinct functions and may play important roles in various disease processes.

Methods: In an attempt to identify colon epithelial tropomyosin isoform, a complementary DNA library prepared from a human colon cancer cell line T84 was screened by an oligonucleotide probe complementary to messages of all known hTM isoforms. A novel clone called TC22 was obtained.