Characteristics of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Across the Spectrum of Glucose Tolerance in Obese Adolescents.

Background: It is not known if dysglycemia and sleep-disordered breathing are linked in adolescents, as in adults.

Objective: To perform a pilot study evaluating measures of sleep-disordered breathing across the spectrum of glucose tolerance in obese adolescents. We hypothesized that dysglycemia would be associated with sleep-disordered breathing.

Morning blood pressure is associated with sleep quality in obese adolescents.

Objective: To examine relationships among blood pressure (BP), adiposity, and sleep quality with the use of overnight polysomnography in obese adolescents.

Study Design: Overnight polysomnogram and morning BP measurements were performed in obese (body mass index [BMI] >95th percentile) nondiabetic adolescents (eligible age range 12-18 years, n = 49). Subjects were stratified into 2 groups, one with normal BP, and one with elevated BP, and demographic and clinical characteristics were compared between the groups.

Analysis of outcomes in treatment of obstructive sleep apnea in infants.

Objectives/hypothesis: To investigate interventions used for treatment of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in infants.

Study Design: Retrospective medical record review.

Methods: Patients 3 to 24 months old at the time of diagnosis of OSA by polysomnography (PSG) were studied at a tertiary care children's hospital.

Increased eustachian tube dysfunction in infants with obstructive sleep apnea.

Objectives/hypothesis: To investigate the prevalence of eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD) in infants with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

Study Design: Retrospective medical record review of infants (3-24 months old) diagnosed with OSA and ETD.

Methods: There were 94 infants diagnosed with OSA by polysomnography and ETD as determined by performance of myringotomy and ventilation tube placement (MT).

Relationships among obstructive sleep apnea, anthropometric measures, and neurocognitive functioning in adolescents with severe obesity.

Objective: To explore associations between measures of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and sleep quality, anthropometrics, and neurocognitive functioning in severely obese adolescents.

Study Design: This was a cross-sectional pilot study performed at an academic medical center in 37 severely obese (body mass index [BMI] >97th percentile) adolescents. Study evaluations included polysomnography, BMI, waist circumference, and standardized neurocognitive tests to assess memory, executive functioning, psychomotor efficiency, academic achievement, and an approximation of full-scale IQ.

Sleep-disordered breathing in obese adolescents is associated with visceral adiposity and markers of insulin resistance.

Sleep-disordered breathing is associated with obesity, insulin resistance, and the metabolic syndrome in adults. Similar data in children is limited and conflicting. This pilot study examined the relationships between sleep-disordered breathing, visceral adiposity, and cardiometabolic risk factors in obese adolescents.

Narcolepsy in the older adult: epidemiology, diagnosis and management.

Narcolepsy is a disorder of impaired expression of wakefulness and rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep. This manifests as excessive daytime sleepiness and expression of individual physiological correlates of REM sleep that include cataplexy and sleep paralysis (REM sleep atonia intruding into wakefulness), impaired maintenance of REM sleep atonia (e.g.