Radiographic and neurological outcomes of Gamma Knife radiosurgery for lower cranial nerve schwannomas: a single-institution experience.

Objective: Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) is widely used for treating small- to medium-sized or postoperative residual, recurrent lower cranial nerve schwannomas (LCNSs). This study aimed to evaluate the radiographic and neurological outcomes of GKRS for LCNS.

Methods: A total of 60 patients with 47 jugular foramen schwannomas (JFSs) and 13 hypoglossal nerve schwannomas (HNSs) who underwent GKRS were included.

Long-term outcomes of CNS WHO grade 2 oligodendroglioma in adult patients: a single-institution experience.

Purpose: Oligodendrogliomas (ODGs) are a subtype of diffuse lower-grade gliomas with overall survival of > 10 years. This study aims to analyze long-term outcomes and identify prognostic factors in patients with WHO grade 2 ODG.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 138 adult patients diagnosed with 1p/19q co-deleted ODG who underwent surgical resection or biopsy between 1994 and 2021, analyzing clinical data, treatment details, and outcomes.

Surgical Strategy for Petroclival Meningioma-Related Trigeminal Neuralgia: The Role of Porus Trigeminus Opening.

Objective: Petroclival meningiomas invade Meckel's cave through the porus trigeminus, leading to secondary trigeminal neuralgia. Microsurgery and stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) are the typical treatment options. This study investigated symptom control, outcomes, and surgical strategies for PC meningioma-induced TN.

Proteomic analysis predicts anti-angiogenic resistance in recurred glioblastoma.

Background: Recurrence is common in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) because of the infiltrative, residual cells in the tumor margin. Standard therapy for GBM consists of surgical resection followed by chemotherapy and radiotherapy, but the median survival of GBM patients remains poor (~ 1.5 years).

Clinical Features and Prognosis of Diffuse Midline Glioma: A Series of 24 Cases.

Background: Diffuse midline glioma (DMG) which occurs in midline structures and characterized by harboring K27M mutation in genes encoding the histone 3 protein is classified as World Health Organization (WHO) grade IV regardless of histological findings and has a poor prognosis. Nevertheless, because of its relatively rare incidence compared with other high-grade gliomas, a comprehensive description encompassing clinical features and genomic profiles of DMG is still lacking.

Methods: In this study, we analyzed data of 24 patients who were diagnosed as DMG which was confirmed by surgical specimens in both pediatric and adult patients.

Head Injury during Childbirth.

Head injuries are the most common type of birth injuries. Among them, most of the injuries is limited to the scalp. and the prognosis is good enough to be unnoticed in some cases.

Intracranial solitary fibrous tumor/hemangiopericytoma: tumor reclassification and assessment of treatment outcome via the 2016 WHO classification.

Purpose: As per the 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines on the classification of central nervous system tumors, solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) and hemangiopericytomas (HPCs) constitute a single disease entity, known as SFT/HPC. This study provides a clinical analysis of these tumors and describes the treatment outcomes of SFT/HPCs.

Methods: This retrospective study included 76 patients with histopathologically proven SFT/HPC.

Treatment Outcome of Hydrocephalus Associated with Vestibular Schwannoma.

Background And Purpose: Managing hydrocephalus in patients with vestibular schwannoma (VS) is controversial. We evaluated the clinical factors associated with hydrocephalus.

Methods: Between 2000 and 2019, 562 patients with VS were treated at our institute.

Atlantoaxial instability treated with free-hand C1-C2 fusion in a child with Morquio syndrome.

Mucopolysaccharidosis type IVA, also known as Morquio syndrome, is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disease. Skeletal dysplasia with short stature, dysplastic-hypoplastic dens (os odontoideum), ligamentous hyperlaxity, and C1-C2 instability are characteristic features. Most patients with Morquio syndrome present with compressive myelopathy at a young age as a result of a combination of C1-C2 instability and extradural soft tissue thickening; treatment generally consists of anterior decompression with occipito-cervical fusion and external orthosis.

Postoperative Symptomatic Cerebral Infarction in Pediatric Moyamoya Disease: Risk Factors and Clinical Outcome.

Background: Indirect bypass surgery is used to improve the hemodynamic status of pediatric patients with moyamoya disease (MMD). Symptomatic cerebral infarction during the early postoperative period may be the most frustrating complication. This study was conducted to investigate the factors associated with early postoperative symptomatic cerebral infarction.

Radical excision of lumbosacral lipoma: an early experience of "followers".

Background: Indication, timing, and method for surgical treatment of lumbosacral lipoma are controversial. Radical resection of the lumbosacral lipoma and complete reconstruction of the placode are supported in that better long-term outcome can be achieved without increasing complication rate compared with traditional surgical techniques.

Objective: We analyzed the early surgical outcomes of lumbosacral lipoma treated with the untethering and radical excision of fat.

Limited Dorsal Myeloschisis: Reconsideration of its Embryological Origin.

Background: Limited dorsal myeloschisis (LDM) is postulated to be a result of incomplete dysjunction in primary neurulation. However, clinical experience of LDM located below the first-second sacral (S1-S2) vertebral level, which is formed from secondary neurulation (S2-coccyx), suggested that LDM may not be entirely explained as an error of primary neurulation.

Objective: To elucidate the location and characteristics of LDM to investigate the possible relation of its pathoembryogenesis to secondary neurulation.

Impaired functional recovery of endothelial colony-forming cells from moyamoya disease in a chronic cerebral hypoperfusion rat model.

OBJECTIVEEndothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs) isolated from pediatric patients with moyamoya disease (MMD) have demonstrated decreased numbers and defective functioning in in vitro experiments. However, the function of ECFCs has not been evaluated using in vivo animal models. In this study, the authors compared normal and MMD ECFCs using a chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) rat model.

Antiepileptic Drug Withdrawal after Surgery in Children with Focal Cortical Dysplasia: Seizure Recurrence and Its Predictors.

Background And Purpose: This study investigated the seizure recurrence rate and potential predictors of seizure recurrence following antiepileptic drug (AED) withdrawal after resective epilepsy surgery in children with focal cortical dysplasia (FCD).

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the records of 70 children and adolescents with FCD types I, II, and IIIa who underwent resective epilepsy surgery between 2004 and 2015 and were followed for at least 2 years after surgery.

Results: We attempted AED withdrawal in 40 patients.

Decreased MEPs during subcutaneous dissection for untethering surgery of a "true" lipomyelomeningocele: aggravated traction of the spinal cord by release of the sac from the original nest.

Purpose: It is well known that the preoperative enlarged sac in occult spinal dysraphism, in which the spinal cord is attached to its dome, can be associated with neurological deficits by aggravation of spinal cord traction. We experienced a similar phenomenon during the early stage of untethering surgery for "lipomyelomeningocele in a strict sense (LMMC)."

Clinical Presentation: We report a case of a 3-month-old girl with LMMC, which showed decreased motor evoked potentials (MEPs) in the lower extremities during the early stage of untethering surgery.

Predictive value of intraoperative bulbocavernosus reflex during untethering surgery for post-operative voiding function.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical significance of intraoperative bulbocavernosus reflex (BCR) during untethering surgery in predicting post-operative voiding function.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of pediatric patients who underwent untethering surgery with available intraoperative baseline BCR. BCR response during surgery was classified into loss or maintenance.

Histone deacetylase inhibitor panobinostat potentiates the anti-cancer effects of mesenchymal stem cell-based sTRAIL gene therapy against malignant glioma.

Human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells expressing the secreted form of the tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (hAT-MSC.sTRAIL) have demonstrated therapeutic activity against various tumors in preclinical studies. However, the limited expression of TRAIL death receptors remains a challenge.

Surgical Treatment of Lesional Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy.

Lesional mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE) concerns a lesion other than mesial hippocampal sclerosis present in the mesial temporal lobe and causing seizures. The lesions are usually composed of focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) or are tumorous. These are good candidates for surgical treatment.

Congenital Dermal Sinus and Limited Dorsal Myeloschisis: "Spectrum Disorders" of Incomplete Dysjuction Between Cutaneous and Neural Ectoderms.

Background: The existence of tethering tracts in spinal dysraphism, other than congenital dermal sinus (CDS), has been recognized and has been summated into an integrated concept of limited dorsal myeloschisis (LDM).

Objective: To elucidate the underlying embryology of LDM in relation to CDS by focusing on the pathological features of special cases of tethering tracts.

Methods: Out of 389 spinal dysraphism patients who were operated on from 2010 to 2016, 5 patients who had tethering tracts composed of both CDS and LDM (or "probable LDM" if only fibrous tissue was found) were identified.

Congenital Dermal Sinus and Limited Dorsal Myeloschisis: "Spectrum Disorders" of Incomplete Dysjuction Between Cutaneous and Neural Ectoderms.

Background: The existence of tethering tracts in spinal dysraphism, other than congenital dermal sinus (CDS), has been recognized and has been summated into an integrated concept of limited dorsal myeloschisis (LDM).

Objective: To elucidate the underlying embryology of LDM in relation to CDS by focusing on the pathological features of special cases of tethering tracts.

Methods: Out of 389 spinal dysraphism patients who were operated on from 2010 to 2016, 5 patients who had tethering tracts composed of both CDS and LDM (or "probable LDM" if only fibrous tissue was found) were identified.

Mitochondrial abnormalities related to the dysfunction of circulating endothelial colony-forming cells in moyamoya disease.

The authors performed morphological and functional studies of the mitochondria in particular blood cells, i.e., endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs), from patients with moyamoya disease.

Surgical outcome and predictive factors of epilepsy surgery in pediatric isolated focal cortical dysplasia.

Objective: Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) is a common cause of medically intractable epilepsy in children. Epilepsy surgery has been a valuable treatment option to achieve seizure freedom in these intractable epilepsy patients. We aimed to present long-term surgical outcome, in relation to pathological severity, and to assess predictive factors of epilepsy surgery in pediatric isolated FCD.

Visual outcome after endoscopic third ventriculostomy for hydrocephalus.

Purpose: Hydrocephalus-related symptoms are mostly improved after successful endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV). However, visual symptoms can be different. This study was focused on visual symptoms.

Benign extracerebral fluid collection complicated by subdural hematoma and fluid collection: clinical characteristics and management.

Introduction: Benign extracerebral fluid collection (bECFC) can be complicated by subdural hematoma (SDH) or subdural fluid collection (SDFC). The etiology, natural history, and management strategy for SDH/SDFC in bECFC are not fully understood. We retrospectively reviewed the cases of bECFC patients complicated with SDH/SDFC and tried (1) to confirm the fact that bECFC children are vulnerable to SDH/SDFC, (2) to investigate the clinical significance of 'trauma history' witnessed by a caregiver, and (3) to determine optimal management for them.