Ventral Anterior Cingulate Atrophy as a Predisposing Factor for Transient Global Amnesia.

Background And Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of patients with acute transient global amnesia (TGA) using volumetric analysis to verify whether the brains of TGA patients have pre-existing structural abnormalities.

Methods: We evaluated the brain MRI data from 87 TGA patients and 20 age- and sex-matched control subjects. We included brain MRIs obtained from TGA patients within 72 hours of symptom onset to verify the pre-existence of structural change.

Predictors of long-term medication adherence in stroke survivors: A multicentre, prospective, longitudinal study.

Background: Although the optimal use of prescribed medications for stroke survivors is critical for preventing secondary stroke, longitudinal observations of the natural course of medication persistence and adherence in Korean stroke survivors are rare. Furthermore, studies are needed to identify strong predictors influencing medication adherence and to determine whether these predictors change over time.

Aims And Objectives: To evaluate the longitudinal medication persistence and adherence at 3 months and 1 year after discharge in all stroke patients and to identify predictors of long-term medication adherence in patients who can self-medicate.

Executive Summary of the 2021 International Conference of Korean Dementia Association: A Report From the Academic Committee of the Korean Dementia Association.

Recently, aducanumab, a beta amyloid targeted immunotherapy, has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia (AD). Although many questions need to be answered, this approval provides a promising hope for the development of AD drugs that could be supported by new biomarkers such as blood-based ones and composite neuropsychological tests that can confirm pathologic changes in early stages of AD. It is important to elucidate the complexity of AD which is known to be associated with other factors such as vascular etiologies and neuro-inflammation.

Comparisons of Prehospital Delay and Related Factors Between Acute Ischemic Stroke and Acute Myocardial Infarction.

Background Prehospital delay is an important contributor to poor outcomes in both acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and acute myocardial infarction (AMI). We aimed to compare the prehospital delay and related factors between AIS and AMI. Methods and Results We identified patients with AIS and AMI who were admitted to the 11 Korean Regional Cardiocerebrovascular Centers via the emergency room between July 2016 and December 2018.

A rare case of aquaporin-4-antibody-positive neuromyelitis optica associated with bladder cancer.

Background: Paraneoplastic neurological syndrome, a heterogeneous disorder affecting the neurological function, is associated with different types of systemic cancer but rarely with bladder cancer.

Case Report: We report the case of a 54-year-old woman presenting with longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis and optic neuritis (neuromyelitis optica) detected on neurological examination and magnetic resonance imaging of both the brain and spine. As a result, the patient initiated treatment with intravenous steroids for five days.

Hydrocephalus in a Patient with Alzheimer's Disease.

Background: Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is an etiology of dementia that is reversible following cerebrospinal fluid shunt placement, however, surgical intervention not always clinically effective and the respons to shunt therapy is poorly understood. Furthermore, NPH is a source of comorbidity in diseases with neurodegenerative pathology, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Case Report: A 61-year-old woman presented to the neurology clinic with progressive gait difficulties and cognitive impairment over five years.

Oligomeric forms of amyloid-β protein in plasma as a potential blood-based biomarker for Alzheimer's disease.

Background: Soluble amyloid-β (Aβ) oligomers are the major toxic substances associated with the pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The ability to measure Aβ oligomer levels in the blood would provide simple and minimally invasive tools for AD diagnostics. In the present study, the recently developed Multimer Detection System (MDS) for AD, a new enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for measuring Aβ oligomers selectively, was used to detect Aβ oligomers in the plasma of patients with AD and healthy control individuals.

Decreased Metabolism in the Posterior Medial Network with Concomitantly Increased Metabolism in the Anterior Temporal Network During Transient Global Amnesia.

Perturbation of corticohippocampal circuits is a key step in the pathogenesis of transient global amnesia. We evaluated the spatial distribution of altered cerebral metabolism to determine the location of the corticohippocampal circuits perturbed during the acute stage of transient global amnesia. A consecutive series of 12 patients with transient global amnesia who underwent F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography within 3 days after symptom onset was identified.

Neurosyphilis Mimicking Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease.

Background: As rapidly progressive dementia (RPD), general paresis and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) may have overlapping clinical presentation due to a wide variety of clinical manifestations.

Case Report: A 57-year-old man presented with rapid progressive cognitive decline, behavioral change, ataxic gait, tremor and pyramidal signs for 3 months. In addition to these multiple systemic involvements, positive result for the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) 14-3-3 protein tentatively diagnosed him as probable CJD.

Transient Global Amnesia Deteriorates the Network Efficiency of the Theta Band.

Acute perturbation of the hippocampus, one of the connector hubs in the brain, is a key step in the pathophysiological cascade of transient global amnesia (TGA). We tested the hypothesis that network efficiency, meaning the efficiency of information exchange over a network, is impaired during the acute stage of TGA. Graph theoretical analysis was applied to resting-state EEG data collected from 21 patients with TGA.

Analysis of Cerebrospinal Fluid and [11C]PIB PET Biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease with Updated Protocols.

Background: Recently, a Korean research group suggested a consensus protocol, based on the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative study protocol but with modifications for minimizing the confounding factors, for the evaluation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers.

Objective: Here, we analyzed fluid and imaging biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in Korean population. We used the updated protocol to propose a more accurate CSF biomarker value for the diagnosis of AD.