Association between watching eating broadcast "Mukbang and Cookbang" and body mass index status in South Korean adolescents stratified by gender.

Background: It has been suggested that Mukbang and Cookbang, a type of eating broadcast originating from Korea and gaining popularity, may contribute to obesity. However, despite suggestions that Mukbang might contribute to obesity, studies investigating the impact of watching Mukbang on obesity is lacking. The goal of this study is to analyze the relationship between watching Mukbang and Cookbang and body mass index (BMI) status in Korean adolescents.

Cooperative Asymmetric Cation-Binding Catalysis.

Asymmetric cation-binding catalysis in principle enables the use of (alkali) metal salts, otherwise insoluble in organic solvents, as reagents and effectors in enantioselective reactions. However, this concept has been a formidable challenge due to the difficulties associated with creating a highly organized chiral environment for cations and anions simultaneously. Over the last four decades, various chiral crown ethers have been developed as cation-binding phase-transfer catalysts and examined in asymmetric catalysis.

Characterizing the intrinsic properties of individual XFEL pulses via single-particle diffraction.

With each single X-ray pulse having its own characteristics, understanding the individual property of each X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) pulse is essential for its applications in probing and manipulating specimens as well as in diagnosing the lasing performance. Intensive research using XFEL radiation over the last several years has introduced techniques to characterize the femtosecond XFEL pulses, but a simple characterization scheme, while not requiring ad hoc assumptions, to address multiple aspects of XFEL radiation via a single data collection process is scant. Here, it is shown that single-particle diffraction patterns collected using single XFEL pulses can provide information about the incident photon flux and coherence property simultaneously, and the X-ray beam profile is inferred.

Asymmetric Synthesis of α-Fluoro-β-Amino-oxindoles with Tetrasubstituted C-F Stereogenic Centers via Cooperative Cation-Binding Catalysis.

Biologically relevant chiral 3,3-disubstituted oxindole products containing a β-fluoroamine unit are obtained in high yields and with excellent stereoselectivity (up to 99% ee, dr >20:1 for syn) through the organocatalytic direct Mannich reaction of 3-fluoro-oxindoles as fluoroenolate precursors and α-amidosulfones as the bench-stable precursors of sensitive imines by using a chiral oligoethylene glycol and KF as a cation-binding catalyst and base, respectively. This protocol can be easily scaled without compromising the asymmetric induction. Furthermore, this protocol was also successfully extended to generate tetrasubstituted C-Cl and C-Br stereogenic centers.

Asymmetric Aminalization via Cation-Binding Catalysis.

Asymmetric cation-binding catalysis, in principle, can generate "chiral" anionic nucleophiles, where the counter cations are coordinated within chiral environments. Nitrogen nucleophiles are intrinsically basic, therefore, its use as nucleophiles is often challenging and limiting the scope of the reaction. Particularly, a formation of configurationally labile aminal centers with alkyl substituents has been a formidable challenge due to the enamine/imine equilibrium of electrophilic substrates.

Fluoride Anions in Self-Assembled Chiral Cage for the Enantioselective Protonation of Silyl Enol Ethers.

The potential of Song's chiral oligoethylene glycols (oligoEGs) as catalysts was explored in the enantioselective protonation of trimethylsilyl enol ethers in combination with alkali metal fluoride (KF and CsF) and in the presence of a proton source. Highly enantioselective protonations of various silyl enol ethers of α-substituted tetralones were achieved, producing chiral α-substituted tetralones in full conversion and with up to 99% ee. The established protocol was successfully extended to the synthesis of biologically relevant chiral α-substituted chromanone and thiochromanone derivatives.

Biomimetic catalytic transformation of toxic α-oxoaldehydes to high-value chiral α-hydroxythioesters using artificial glyoxalase I.

Glyoxalase I plays a critical role in the enzymatic defence against glycation by catalysing the isomerization of hemithioacetal, formed spontaneously from cytotoxic α-oxoaldehydes and glutathione, to (S)-α-hydroxyacylglutathione derivatives. Upon the hydrolysis of the thioesters catalysed by glyoxalase II, inert (S)-α-hydroxy acids, that is, lactic acid, are then produced. Herein, we demonstrate highly enantioselective glyoxalase I mimic catalytic isomerization of in-situ-generated hemithioacetals, providing facile access to both enantiomers of α-hydroxy thioesters.

Relationship between androgenetic alopecia and cardiovascular risk factors according to BASP classification in Koreans.

There have been many studies on the relationship between androgenetic alopecia (AGA) and cardiovascular risk factors, but the study results were inconsistent and research on AGA in Asians remains insufficient. This study investigated the relationship between Korean AGA and various cardiovascular risk factors, considering life habits, type of hair loss and sex. We investigated subjects who visited a hospital for public or industrial health medical examinations between October 2012 and December 2014.

Parts-per-million level loading organocatalysed enantioselective silylation of alcohols.

The field of organocatalysis has blossomed over the past few decades, becoming an alternative to transition-metal catalysis or even replacing the realm of transition-metal catalysis. However, a truly powerful organocatalyst with a high turnover number (TON) and turnover frequency (TOF) while retaining high enantioselectivity is yet to be discovered. Similar to metal catalysis, extremely low catalyst loading (p.

Efficacy of photodynamic therapy with laser pretreatment for actinic keratosis and photorejuvenation as evaluated by fluorescent imaging.

Background: The Methylaminolevulinate-photodynamic therapy (MAL-PDT) has been reported to be effective in treating actinic keratosis (AK). Fluorescent images taken after topical MAL application have been used to diagnose cancerous lesions.

Objectives: We evaluated therapeutic efficacy of MAL-PDT for multiple AK and defined value of fluorescent images in evaluating treatment response.