Molybdenum Disulfide-Assisted Spontaneous Formation of Multistacked Gold Nanoparticles for Deep Learning-Integrated Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering.

Several fabrication methods have been developed for label-free detection in various fields. However, fabricating high-density and highly ordered nanoscale architectures by using soluble processes remains a challenge. Herein, we report a biosensing platform that integrates deep learning with surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), featuring large-area, close-packed three-dimensional (3D) architectures of molybdenum disulfide (MoS)-assisted gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) for the on-site screening of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) using human tears.

Incidental multiple myeloma in a patient with neuroretinitis: a case report.

Background: Neuroretinitis is classically defined as a clinical triad of unilateral, painless vision loss, accompanied by optic disc edema and characteristic macular star formation. The causes of neuroretinitis can be categorized as infectious, non-infectious, and idiopathic, therefore differential diagnosis and careful evaluation are required, owing to the various etiologies and masqueraders.

Case Presentation: A 54-year-old woman presented to the clinic with blurred vision in both eyes.

Extramedullary plasmacytoma of the orbit with intracranial invasion: A case report.

Rationale: Plasmacytoma is a disease caused by the proliferation of monoclonal immunoglobulin-producing plasma cells and divided into multiple myeloma, solitary bone plasmacytoma, and extramedullary plasmacytoma. We report a case of orbital extramedullary plasmacytoma invading the dura mater in a patient with exophthalmos and diplopia.

Patient Concerns: A 35-year-old female patient with exophthalmos in the right eye and diplopia visited the clinic.

An excitation wavelength-optimized, stable SERS biosensing nanoplatform for analyzing adenoviral and AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccination efficacy status using tear samples of vaccinated individuals.

We introduce a label-free surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) biosensing platform equipped with metallic nanostructures that can identify the efficacy of Oxford-AstraZeneca (AZD1222) vaccine in vaccinated individuals using non-invasive tear samples. We confirmed the hypothesis that the tears of people who receive the AZD1222 vaccine may be similar to those of adenovirus epidemic keratoconjunctivitis patients since the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine is derived from a replication-deficient ChAdOx1 vector of chimpanzee adenovirus. Additionally, we confirmed the potential of the three markers for estimating the vaccination status via analyzing the signals emanating from antibodies or immunoglobulin G by-product using our label-free, SERS biosensing technique with a high reproducibility (<3% relative standard deviation), femtomole-scale limit of detection (1 × 10 M), and high SERS response of >10.

Role of intraretinal cysts in the prediction of postoperative closure and photoreceptor damages of the idiopathic full-thickness macular hole.

Background: To determine whether it would be effective in predicting the results of the postoperative full-thickness macular hole (FTMH) closure when intraretinal cyst (IRC) is present.

Methods: Case-control study. Patients with idiopathic FTMH who underwent pars plana vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane peeling were retrospectively reviewed.

Aqueous humor cytokine levels through microarray analysis and a sub-analysis based on optical coherence tomography in wet age-related macular degeneration patients.

Background: To identify disease-specific cytokine and growth factor profile differences in the aqueous humor between wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD) patients and age-matched controls and to correlate their levels with the optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings.

Methods: Aqueous humors were obtained from 13 wet AMD eyes and 10 control eyes. Twenty cytokines and growth factors were measured using a RayBio antibody microarray technology in wet AMD and control eyes.

Usefulness of the Components of Full-Field Electroretinography to Predict Postoperative Visual Outcomes in Patients With Epiretinal Membranes.

Purpose: To confirm the predictors of postoperative visual outcomes by performing full-field electroretinography (ffERG) before surgery in patients with epiretinal membranes (ERMs).

Methods: Sixty-one eyes of patients with ERMs who underwent pars plana vitrectomy with membrane peeling were prospectively reviewed. Correlations between preoperative data (ffERG and optical coherence tomography) and postoperative best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were investigated.

Photochemical Retinopathy induced by blue light emitted from a light-emitting diode Face Mask: A case report and literature review.

Rationale: Skin photobiomodulation involves the use of low doses of light of a specific wavelength to reduce skin inflammation and promote tissue repair. Recently, a face mask using a light-emitting diode (LED) to induce photobiomodulation has been widely introduced in the market. However, a short wavelength of high-energy blue light can cause retinal damage.

Label-Free Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Biosensor for On-Site Breast Cancer Detection Using Human Tears.

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is an ultrasensitive molecular screening technique with greatly enhanced Raman scattering signals from trace amounts of analytes near plasmonic nanostructures. However, research on the development of a sensor that balances signal enhancement, reproducibility, and uniformity has not yet been proposed for practical applications. In this study, we demonstrate the potential of the practical application for detecting or predicting asymptomatic breast cancer from human tears using a portable Raman spectrometer with an identification algorithm based on multivariate statistics.

Sixteen-and-a-half syndrome with metastatic pons tumor: A case report.

Rationale: One-and-a-half syndrome (OAAH) is characterized as the combination of ipsilateral horizontal gaze palsy and internuclear ophthalmoplegia. OAAH syndrome accompanied with 7th and 8th cranial nerve palsy is called 16-and-a-half syndrome. We aimed to report the case of 16-and-a-half syndrome with metastatic pons tumor.

Effect of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract on hard exudates in patients with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of orally administered grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) in patients with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR).

Methods: In this randomized (1:2:2), multicentre, double-blind trial, patients (n = 124; age: 40-78 years) were administered placebo, calcium dobesilate (CD; 750 mg/d), or GSPE (150 mg/d) orally for up to 12 months. All patients had retinal thickening with hard exudates (HEs) that met predefined criteria; the median best-corrected visual acuity was 0.

Hyperopic shift caused by capsule contraction syndrome after microincision foldable intraocular Lens implantation: case series.

Background: Increasing interest in microincision cataract surgery has led to the use of more flexible intraocular lens (IOL). Flexible IOL may cause more IOL deformation and refractive error when capsule contraction syndrome (CCS) occurred. In this retrospective observational case series study, the aim was to report four cases of hyperopic shift caused by CCS after phacoemulsification with microincision foldable intraocular lens implantation.

New model of proliferative vitreoretinopathy in rabbit for drug delivery and pharmacodynamic studies.

Blinding retinal diseases become more epidemic as the population ages. These diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy and macular edema, are of chronic nature and require protracted drug presence at the disease site. A sustained intravitreal porous silicon delivery system with dexamethasone (pSiO-COO-DEX) was evaluated in a new rabbit model of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) in a real treatment design.

Highly Reproducible Au-Decorated ZnO Nanorod Array on a Graphite Sensor for Classification of Human Aqueous Humors.

Gold-decorated, vertically grown ZnO nanorods (NRs) on a flexible graphite sheet (Au/ZnONRs/G) were developed for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-based biosensing to identify trace amounts of human aqueous humors. This Au/ZnONRs/G SERS-functionalized sensor was fabricated via two steps: hydrothermal synthesis-induced growth of ZnO NRs on graphite sheets for nanostructure fabrication, followed by e-beam evaporator-induced gold metallization on ZnONRs/G for SERS functionalization. The thickness of the Au layer and the height of the ZnO NRs for enhancing SERS performance were adjusted to maximize Raman intensity, and the optimized Au/ZnONRs/G nanostructures were verified by the electric finite element computational models to maximize the electric fields.

Surface Modification of Titanium with BMP-2/GDF-5 by a Heparin Linker and Its Efficacy as a Dental Implant.

In this study, we prepared human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (hBMP-2)/human growth and differentiation factor-5 (hGDF-5)-coated titanium (Ti) disc and screw types for controlled release of the growth factors (GFs). The two growth factors were coated onto Ti with a smooth surface using their specific interaction with heparin, because they have heparin binding sites in their molecular structures. Efficacy of the two growth factor-coated Ti for enhancement of bone formation and osseointegration was compared to pristine Ti, and hBMP-2- and hGDF-5-coated Ti in vivo.

Long-term Change of Subfoveal Choroidal Thickness in Behçet's Disease Patients with Posterior Uveitis.

Purpose: To evaluate long-term changes of subfoveal choroidal thickness (SCT) in Behçet's disease (BD) patients with posterior uveitis.

Methods: Changes in SCT measured with enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography during quiescent phase were assessed during >24 months in 63 BD patients and control group.

Results: Baseline characteristics showed no difference, but the BD group showed poorer visual acuity (p = 0.

Rocuronium Bromide Inhibits Inflammation and Pain by Suppressing Nitric Oxide Production and Enhancing Prostaglandin E Synthesis in Endothelial Cells.

Purpose: Rocuronium bromide is a nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking drug and has been used as an adjunct for relaxation or paralysis of the skeletal muscles, facilitation of endotracheal intubation, and improving surgical conditions during general anesthesia. However, intravenous injection of rocuronium bromide induces injection pain or withdrawal movement. The exact mechanism of rocuronium bromide-induced injection pain or withdrawal movement is not yet understood.

Label-free optical detection of age-related and diabetic oxidative damage in human aqueous humors.

In this study, we investigate the biochemical characteristics of oxidative stress in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) by analyzing aqueous humors. Nondiabetic cataract aqueous humor was used as the control. The level of oxidative damage was evaluated based on changes in Raman spectral intensity.

Short-term changes of intraocular pressure and ocular perfusion pressure after intravitreal injection of bevacizumab or ranibizumab.

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of intravitreal anti-vascular endothothelial growth factor (VEGF) injection on intraocular pressure (IOP) and mean ocular perfusion pressure (MOPP).

Methods: MOPP results were obtained by measuring mean arterial pressure (MAP) and IOP just before the injection, immediately after the injection, at 30 min, 1 day, and 1 week after injection from 65 eyes of 42 patients.

Results: Pre-injection mean IOP was 16.

Inter-observer Variability in Scoring Ultra-wide-field Fluorescein Angiography in Patients with Behçet Retinal Vasculitis.

Purpose: To test inter-observer agreement in applying the scoring system of the Angiography Scoring of Uveitis Working Group (ASUWG) to ultra-wide-field fluorescein angiograms (UWFA) obtained from patients with Behçet retinal vasculitis.

Methods: Both standard FA and UWFA images were obtained from 21 patients with retinal vasculitis associated with Behçet disease. Three graders independently graded 21 series of standard FA and 21 series of UWFA images.

Microfluidic-based non-enzymatic glycation enhances cross-linking of human scleral tissue compared to conventional soaking.

We evaluated nano-structural and chemical changes in human scleral collagen caused by non-enzymatic glycation using AFM, Raman spectroscopy, and microfluidics. Twenty 8 × 2 mm scleral strips (n = 5, each) were divided into four groups of pure sclera tissues (control group) and sclera tissues with incubation (1 hr in BSS and ribose) and preservation (23 hr in 90% ethanol) for 7 days (BSS + DR group) and 30 days (BSS + DR group) at room temperature, and 7 days in a microfluidic chip (BSS + DR + µF group). The BSS + DR and BSS + DR groups were incubated in a mixture of balanced salt solution (BSS) and 0.

Secondary angle closure glaucoma by lupus choroidopathy as an initial presentation of systemic lupus erythematosus: a case report.

Background: We present a rare case of secondary angle closure glaucoma due to systemic lupus erythematosus choroidopathy as initial presentation of systemic lupus erythematosus, accompanied by central nervous system vasculitis and uncontrolled nephropathy.

Case Presentation: A 31-year-old woman presented with decreased visual acuity, nausea, vomiting, fever, and bilateral angioedema-like eyelid swelling. She had persistent dry cough while taking medication for 3 months, and had usual posterior neck pain, which was treated with analgesic medication and Asian medicines.

PERIPAPILLARY CHOROIDAL THICKNESS IN CENTRAL SEROUS CHORIORETINOPATHY: Is Choroid Outside the Macula Also Thick?

Purpose: To investigate peripapillary choroidal thickness (CT) outside the macula in central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC).

Methods: We reviewed the medical records of 34 patients with unilaterally symptomatic idiopathic CSC and 34 age-matched controls. Subfoveal and peripapillary CT were measured from images obtained by spectral domain optical coherence tomography.

Surface engineering of porous silicon microparticles for intravitreal sustained delivery of rapamycin.

Purpose: To understand the relationship between rapamycin loading/release and surface chemistries of porous silicon (pSi) to optimize pSi-based intravitreal delivery system.

Methods: Three types of surface chemical modifications were studied: (1) pSi-COOH, containing 10-carbon aliphatic chains with terminal carboxyl groups grafted via hydrosilylation of undecylenic acid; (2) pSi-C12, containing 12-carbon aliphatic chains grafted via hydrosilylation of 1-dodecene; and (3) pSiO2-C8, prepared by mild oxidation of the pSi particles followed by grafting of 8-hydrocarbon chains to the resulting porous silica surface via a silanization.

Results: The efficiency of rapamycin loading follows the order (micrograms of drug/milligrams of carrier): pSiO2-C8 (105 ± 18) > pSi-COOH (68 ± 8) > pSi-C12 (36 ± 6).

Clinico-biochemical investigations of aging effects on normoglycemic and hyperglycemic murine retinal tissues.

Purpose: This study used five clinical assessments and Raman spectroscopy to investigate the age- and hyperglycemia-related properties of the murine retina over an eight-week experimental period.

Method: Acute hyperglycemia and chronic hyperglycemia were assessed with blood glucose (BG) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, respectively. Changes in the retinal thickness and neovascularization were evaluated with optical coherence tomography and fluorescein angiography (FAG).