Biomass enhancement and activation of transcriptional regulation in sorghum seedling by plasma-activated water.

Introduction: Recent advancements in agricultural technology have highlighted the potential of eco-friendly innovations, such as plasma-activated water (PAW), for enhancing seed germination, growth, and biomass production.

Methods: In this study, we investigated the effects of PAW irrigation on young sorghum seedlings through phenotypic and transcriptional analyses. We measured growth parameters, including seedling height, stem thickness, and biomass, across five sorghum varieties: BTx623, Sodamchal, Noeulchal, Baremae, and Hichal.

Development of InDels markers for the identification of cytoplasmic male sterility in by complete chloroplast genome sequences analysis.

Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is predominantly used for F1 hybrid breeding and seed production in . DNA markers to distinguish between normal fertile (CMS-N) and sterile (CMS-S) male cytoplasm can facilitate F1 hybrid cultivar development in breeding programs. In this study, the complete chloroplast (cp) genome sequences of CMS-S and Korean cultivars were obtained using next-generation sequencing.

Black and Yellow Soybean Consumption Prevents High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity by Regulating Lipid Metabolism in C57BL/6 Mice.

To evaluate the antiobesity effects of yellow and black soybean, C57BL/6 mice were provided with a normal diet, high-fat diet, HFD-containing yellow soybean powder (YS), and black soybean powder (BS) for six weeks. Compared with the HFD group, both YS and BS decreased body weight by 30.1% and 37.

Comparison of physicochemical properties of sorghum extract by ethanol concentration and its anti-adipogenic effect in 3T3-L1 cells.

Sorghum is a vital cereal source that has various phenolic compounds and potential health-promoting benefits. This study evaluated the phenolic content, antioxidant and anti-obesity effects of sorghum extract (SE) prepared using three solvent systems: 50% (SE50), 80% (SE80), and 100% (SE100) ethanol. The results showed that SE50 exhibited the highest total polyphenol and flavonoid content among the sorghum extracts using different ethanol concentrations as extraction solvents.

Effect of Extract of Black Sticky Rice with Giant Embryo on Alcohol Cravings of Korean Social Drinkers: A 12-Week Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial.

We investigated the effect of black sticky rice with giant embryo (BSRGE) extract known to contain high levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on alcohol cravings in social drinkers. A total of 41 subjects were divided into a BSRGE extract group (G group:  = 21) and a placebo group (P group:  = 20), and a randomized placebo-controlled experiment was performed for 12 weeks. The G group took the BSRGE extracts that contained 30 mg of GABA per day.

Optimal UAV Deployment and Resource Management in UAV Relay Networks.

UAV equipped three-dimensional (3D) wireless networks can provide a solution for the requirements of 5G communications, such as enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) and massive Machine Type Communications (mMTC). Especially, the introduction of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) as a relay node can improve the connectivity, extend the terrestrial base station (BS) coverage and enhance the throughput by taking advantage of a strong air-to-ground line of sight (LOS) channel. In this paper, we consider the deployment and resource allocation of UAV relay network (URN) to maximize the throughput of user equipment (UE) within a cell, while guaranteeing a reliable transmission to UE outside the coverage of BS.

Black rice with giant embryo ameliorates serum C-reactive protein in adults with metabolic syndrome.

Metabolic syndrome is well known to increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases. We have reported that phytochemicals rich black rice with giant embryo reduced fat mass and metabolic disorders in an animal model. However, such effects have not been evaluated in humans.

UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS characterization, antioxidant and antidiabetic properties of sorghum grains.

The phenolic compounds composition, antioxidant and antidiabetic properties of eight brown sorghum genotypes were investigated. DPPH radical scavenging activity was highest in SOR 03, followed by SOR 11, SOR 08 and SOR 33. SOR 33, SOR 03, SOR 08, SOR 11 showed the highest ABTS radical scavenging activity.

Flavonoids in Decorticated Sorghum Grains Exert Antioxidant, Antidiabetic and Antiobesity Activities.

Eight new genotypes of brown sorghum grain were decorticated and assessed for their antioxidant, antidiabetic and antiobesity activities in vitro. The DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays of the soluble fractions were evaluated, followed by digestive enzymes and advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) formation inhibition assays. DSOR 33 and DSOR 11 exhibited the highest DPPH (IC = 236.

Effects of high-fiber rice Dodamssal (Oryza sativa L.) on glucose and lipid metabolism in mice fed a high-fat diet.

We investigated the effects of high amylose rice variety, Dodamssal (DO) (Oryza sativa L.), on glucose homeostasis and lipid metabolism in mice. Experiment 1: Oral administration of DO for 1 week significantly improved glucose and insulin tolerance (p < .

Phenolic Profile, Antioxidant, and Antidiabetic Potential Exerted by Millet Grain Varieties.

This study evaluated the potential antioxidant and antidiabetic properties in vitro of four millet grain varieties cultivated in South Korea. The free fractions were tested for their total antioxidant capacity using 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) and 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assays, followed by α-glucosidase, α-amylase, and advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) formation inhibition assays. The total phenolics, flavonoids, and condensed tannins in the free fractions ranged from 107.

Oat germination and ultrafiltration process improves the polyphenol and avenanthramide contents with protective effect in oxidative-damaged HepG2 cells.

Oat is the nutritious crop containing various compounds with antioxidant properties, such as polyphenols. In this study, we investigated the effect of germination and ultrafiltration process on polyphenol and avenanthramide contents in oat as well as their cytoprotective effect. Germination of oat for 48 hr significantly increased avenanthramide (5.

Isotopic labelling for the characterisation of HNE-sequestering agents in plant-based extracts and its application for the identification of anthocyanidins in black rice with giant embryo.

Reactive carbonyl species (RCS) are cytotoxic molecules that originate from lipid peroxidation and sugar oxidation. Natural derivatives can be an attractive source of potential RCS scavenger. However, the lack of analytical methods to screen and identify bioactive compounds contained in complex matrices has hindered their identification.

Progress Toward Rice Seed OMICS in Low-Level Gamma Radiation Environment in Iitate Village, Fukushima.

Here, we present an update on the next level of experiments studying the impact of the gamma radiation environment, created post-March, 2011 nuclear accident at Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant, on rice plant and its next generation-the seed. Japonica-type rice (Oryza sativa L. cv.

Physicochemical interactions of cycloamylose with phenolic compounds.

The complex formation capability of cycloamylose (CA), having a degree of polymerization of 23-45, with phenolic compounds (PCs) was investigated using various physicochemical techniques. The fluorescence intensity of PCs increased and then reached a plateau at 10-20mM cyclodextrin, while it continued to increase at up to 60mM CA. Thermodynamic data of CA complexes with PCs revealed that the binding process was primarily enthalpy-driven and spontaneous.

Classification of hydrocolloids based on in vitro starch digestibility and rheological properties of Segoami gel.

The influence of hydrocolloids on in vitro starch digestibility and rheological properties of Segoami (a new rice variety fortified with amylose and dietary fiber) gel was investigated in terms of type (sodium alginate, arabic gum, guar gum, locust bean gum, and xanthan gum) and addition levels (0.3-0.7% for rice flour weight) of hydrocolloids.

Drought-tolerant QTL qVDT11 leads to stable tiller formation under drought stress conditions in rice.

Drought is an important limiting factor for rice production, but the genetic mechanisms of drought tolerance is poorly understood. Here, we screened 218 rice varieties to identify 32 drought-tolerant varieties. The variety Samgang exhibited strong drought tolerance and stable yield in rain-fed conditions and was selected for further study.

High-yield cycloamylose production from sweet potato starch using and 4-α-glucanotransferase.

An optimal reaction condition for producing cycloamylose (CA) from sweet potato starch was investigated using a combination of isoamylase (from sp.) and 4-α-glucanotransferase (from , TAαGT). Starch was debranched by isoamylase for 8 h and subsequently reacted with TAαGT for 12 h.

Antiadipogenic Activity of γ-Oryzanol and Its Stability in Pigmented Rice.

γ-Oryzanol, a prevalent compound in pigmented rice varieties, has been reported to ameliorate obesity-associated metabolic disorders. Antiadipogenic activities of γ-oryzanol were determined in human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells and mouse-derived 3T3-L1 cells. γ-Oryzanol significantly decreased lipid accumulation and reduced glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activities in both adipocytes.

Bioactives in Commonly Consumed Cereal Grains: Implications for Oxidative Stress and Inflammation.

Oxidative stress and inflammation are closely linked to various chronic diseases. Thus, targeting this axis of oxidative stress and inflammation is a particularly interesting area of study for reducing the risk of chronic diseases, including, but not limited to, metabolic disorders, cancer, cardiovascular disease, and Alzheimer's disease. It is well known that antioxidants play a pivotal role in tuning this axis.

Effect of GABA Extract of Black Sticky Rice with Giant Embryo on Alcohol-Related Indices After Acute Alcohol Intake in Social Drinkers.

Background: This study was performed to evaluate the effect and safety of a high-gamma-aminobutyric acid-containing extract (GABA extract) of black sticky rice with giant embryo (BSRGE) on alcohol-related indices after acute alcohol intake in social drinkers.

Methods: Subjects were randomized to the GABA extract (G) group, GABA extract and alcohol drinking (GA) group, or placebo intake and alcohol drinking (PA) group in a double-blind design. All subjects were administered GABA extract (200 mg GABA) or placebo at 9 am on study days 2 and 3, respectively.

Identification and evaluation of flavone-glucosides isolated from barley sprouts and their inhibitory activity against bacterial neuraminidase.

Neuraminidase (NA) is one of the key enzymes responsible for bacterial infection and pathogenesis. This study aimed to gain deeper insights into the inhibitory effects of flavone-glucosides (1-9) isolated from barley sprouts (BS) on neuraminidase activity. The isolated compounds were identified as, lutonarin (1), saponarin (2), isoorientin (3), orientin (4), isovitexin (5), isoscoparin-7-O-[6-sinapoyl]-glucoside (6), isoscoparin-7-O-[6-feruloyl]-glucoside (7), isovitexin-7-O-[6-sinapoyl]-glucoside (8), and isovitexin-7-O-[6-feruloyl]-glucoside (9).

Saponarin from barley sprouts inhibits NF-κB and MAPK on LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells.

Saponarin (SA), a natural flavonoid, is known for its antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities. SA is the predominant compound (1142.7 ± 0.

Fat-soluble bioactive components in colored rice varieties.

Bioactive components in rice vary depending on the variety and growing condition. Fat-soluble components such as γ-oryzanol, tocopherols, tocotrienols, carotenoids, and fatty acids were analyzed in brown, sugary brown, red, and black rice varieties using established high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and GC methodologies. In addition, these colored rice varieties were further analyzed using a high-resolution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) (LTQ-Orbitrap XL) to identify the [M-H](-) ions of γ-oryzanol, ranging from m/z 573.

Effect of the growth stage and cultivar on policosanol profiles of barley sprouts and their adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase activation.

Adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an intracellular sensor that can regulate glucose levels within the cell. For this reason, it is well-known to be a target for drugs against diabetes and obesity. AMPK was activated significantly by the hexane extract of barley sprouts.