Myeloid-specific deletion of autotaxin inhibits rheumatoid arthritis and osteoclastogenesis.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by joint swelling, pain, and bone remodeling. We previously reported that autotaxin (ATX) deficiency disrupts lipid rafts in macrophages. Lipid raft disruption results in the dysregulation of RANK signaling, which is crucial for osteoclastogenesis and the pathogenesis of RA.

Metabolites Elicit Anticancer Effects by Inhibiting Autophagy-Related Responses.

() is a probiotic that has emerged as novel therapeutic agents for managing various diseases, such as cancer, atopic dermatitis, inflammatory bowel disease, and infections. In this study, we investigated the potential mechanisms underlying the anticancer effect of the metabolites of . We cultured cells to obtain their metabolites, created several dilutions, and used these solutions to treat human colonic Caco-2 cells.

Atractylodin Ameliorates Colitis via PPARα Agonism.

Atractylodin is a major compound in the rhizome of Atractylodes lancea, an oriental herbal medicine used for the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases, including dyspepsia, nausea, and diarrhea. Recent studies have shown that atractylodin exerts anti-inflammatory effects in various inflammatory diseases. Herein, we investigated the anti-colitis effects of atractylodin and its molecular targets.

Biocompatibility and osteogenic potential of mineral trioxide aggregate mixed with hydrophilic synthetic polymer: An in vitro and in vivo study.

This study aimed to investigate in vitro biologic properties of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) mixed with 3% PVA (MTA-3% PVA) and in vivo dental pulp responses to direct capping in comparison with MTA mixed with distilled water (MTA-DW). Cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation in culture of human dental pulp cells (hDPCs), and pH changes were evaluated. Pulps in 24 mandibular premolars of four 9-month-old beagle dogs were mechanically exposed and direct pulp capping was performed.

Chronic Intestinal Inflammation Suppresses Brain Activity by Inducing Neuroinflammation in Mice.

Chronic gut inflammation such as inflammatory bowel disease is believed to be associated with neurodegenerative diseases in humans. However, the direct evidence for and the underlying mechanism of this brain-gut interaction remain elusive. In this study, manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging was used to assess functional brain activity from awake and freely moving mice with chronic colitis.

Regulation of cell locomotion by nanosecond-laser-induced hydroxyapatite patterning.

Hydroxyapatite, an essential mineral in human bones composed mainly of calcium and phosphorus, is widely used to coat bone graft and implant surfaces for enhanced biocompatibility and bone formation. For a strong implant-bone bond, the bone-forming cells must not only adhere to the implant surface but also move to the surface requiring bone formation. However, strong adhesion tends to inhibit cell migration on the surface of hydroxyapatite.

Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor Alters the Tumor Development and Growth in Mice and in a Chemically-Induced Model of Colon Cancer.

The neuroendocrine circuit of the corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) family peptides, via their cognate receptors CRHR1 and CRHR2, copes with psychological stress. However, peripheral effects of the CRH system in colon cancer remains elusive. Thus, we investigate the role of CRHR1 and CRHR2 in colon cancer.

Effect of grain size of dental zirconia on shear bond strength of composite resin cement.

The effect of grain size of dental zirconia on the shear bond strength of composite resin cement was newly studied. Disc-shaped dental zirconia with small (sample S) and large (sample L) grains were made by sintering of pre-sintered dental zirconia at 1450°C for 0.5 h and 40 h, respectively.

Blockage of protease-activated receptor 2 exacerbates inflammation in high-fat environment partly through autophagy inhibition.

Protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) regulates inflammatory responses and lipid metabolism. However, its precise role in colitis remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the function of PAR2 in high-fat diet-fed mice with colitis and its potential role in autophagy.

Autotaxin loss accelerates intestinal inflammation by suppressing TLR4-mediated immune responses.

Autotaxin (ATX) converts lysophosphatidylcholine and sphingosyl-phosphorylcholine into lysophosphatidic acid and sphingosine 1-phosphate, respectively. Despite the pivotal function of ATX in lipid metabolism, mechanisms by which ATX regulates immune and inflammatory disorders remain elusive. Here, using myeloid cell lineage-restricted Atx knockout mice, we show that Atx deficiency disrupts membrane microdomains and lipid rafts, resulting in the inhibition of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) complex formation and the suppression of adaptor recruitment, thereby inhibiting TLR4-mediated responses in macrophages.

miR-23a-3p is a Key Regulator of IL-17C-Induced Tumor Angiogenesis in Colorectal Cancer.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as key players in tumor angiogenesis. Interleukin-17C (IL-17C) was identified to promote colorectal cancer (CRC) progression. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effect of IL-17C on tumor angiogenesis, the involvement of miR-23a-3p in IL-17C signaling, and the direct target gene of miR-23a-3p in CRC.

Comparison of experimental peri-implantitis models after application of ex vivo BMP2 gene therapy using periodontal ligament stem cells.

Peri-implantitis is an inflammatory disease that results in bone destruction around dental implants. A preclinical study using beagle models is frequently performed prior to clinical application in dentistry. Previously, we proposed an immediate peri-implantitis experimental model with a shorter experimental duration and less expense than the conventional experimental model.

Pten gene deletion in intestinal epithelial cells enhances susceptibility to Salmonella Typhimurium infection in mice.

Although phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is typically considered a tumor-suppressor gene, it was recently suggested that PTEN regulates TLR5-induced immune and inflammatory responses in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), suggesting an immunomodulatory function of PTEN in the gut. However, this alternative function of PTEN has not yet been evaluated in an in vivo context of protection against enteropathogenic bacteria. To address this, we utilized IEC-restricted Pten knockout (Pten) and littermate Pten mice.

Effects of Harvest Time on Phytochemical Constituents and Biological Activities of Berry Extracts.

Ginseng () has long been used as a traditional medicine for the prevention and treatment of various diseases. Generally, the harvest time and age of ginseng have been regarded as important factors determining the efficacy of ginseng. However, most studies have mainly focused on the root of ginseng, while studies on other parts of ginseng such as its berry have been relatively limited.

Differential expression of tumor-associated genes and altered gut microbiome with decreased Akkermansia muciniphila confer a tumor-preventive microenvironment in intestinal epithelial Pten-deficient mice.

Phosphatase and tensin homolog (Pten) antagonizes PI3K-Akt signaling; therefore, Pten impairment causes tumorigenesis. However, the correlation between Pten deficiency and colon cancer has remained elusive due to numerous opposite observations. To study this correlation, we examined whether Pten deficiency in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) induces tumorigenesis.

Synthesis of a Ca SiO -Ca SiO -Ca Al O cement system with rapid setting capacity by spray-pyrolysis coupled with sol-gel method.

A modified mineral-trioxide-aggregate (mMTA) with rapid setting capacity was newly synthesized by spray-pyrolysis following a sol-gel reaction. Its faster setting capacity and initially higher compressive strength compared with Portland cement (PC) were evaluated. The precursor solution of the mMTA was prepared through condensation following hydrolysis among Ca(NO ) ·4H O, Si(OC H ) , and Al(NO ) ·9H O under nitric acid.

Colonic Inhibition of Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog Increases Colitogenic Bacteria, Causing Development of Colitis in Il10-/- Mice.

Background: Phosphatase and tensin homolog (Pten) is capable of mediating microbe-induced immune responses in the gut. Thus, Pten deficiency in the intestine accelerates colitis development in Il10-/- mice. As some ambient pollutants inhibit Pten function and exposure to ambient pollutants may increase inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) incidence, it is of interest to examine how Pten inhibition could affect colitis development in genetically susceptible hosts.

Preparation of fluoride-loaded microcapsules for anticariogenic bacterial growth using a coaxial ultrasonic atomizer.

A new method to deliver fluoride using biodegradable poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microcapsules to suppress cariogenic bacterial growth during orthodontic treatment was investigated. A coaxial ultrasonic atomizer was used to encapsulate KF solution into microcapsules. The orthodontic adhesive resin disk containing fluoride loaded microcapsules (DFLM) was prepared by LED light curing.

Src family kinase tyrosine phosphorylates Toll-like receptor 4 to dissociate MyD88 and Mal/Tirap, suppressing LPS-induced inflammatory responses.

Src family kinases (SFKs) are a family of protein tyrosine kinases containing nine members: Src, Lyn, Fgr, Hck, Lck, Fyn, Blk, Yes, and Ylk. Although SFK activation is a major immediate signaling event in LPS/Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling, its precise role has remained elusive due to various contradictory results obtained from a certain SFK member-deficient mice or cells. The observed inconsistencies may be due to the compensation or redundancy by other SFKs upon a SFK deficiency.

Comparison of mechanical and biological properties of zirconia and titanium alloy orthodontic micro-implants.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the initial stability as insertion and removal torque and the clinical applicability of novel orthodontic zirconia micro-implants made using a powder injection molding (PIM) technique with those parameters in conventional titanium micro-implants.

Methods: Sixty zirconia and 60 titanium micro-implants of similar design (diameter, 1.6 mm; length, 8.

Preparation of a non-woven poly(ε-caprolactone) fabric with partially embedded apatite surface for bone tissue engineering applications by partial surface melting of poly(ε-caprolactone) fibers.

This article describes a novel method for the preparation of a biodegradable non-woven poly(ε-caprolactone) fabric with a partially embedded apatite surface designed for application as a scaffold material for bone tissue engineering. The non-woven poly(ε-caprolactone) fabric was generated by the electro-spinning technique and then apatite was coated in simulated body fluid after coating the PVA solution containing CaCl ·2H O. The apatite crystals were partially embedded or fully embedded into the thermoplastic poly(ε-caprolactone) fibers by controlling the degree of poly(ε-caprolactone) fiber surface melting in a convection oven.

Corticotropin Releasing Hormone and Urocortin 3 Stimulate Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression through the cAMP/CREB Pathway.

Colonic epithelium is the first line of defense against various pathological offenses in the gut. Previous studies have shown that the peptides of the corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) family modulate vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A production in other cells. Here we sought to investigate whether CRH and urocortin (Ucn) 3 regulate VEGF-A secretion in colonocytes through CRH receptors and to elucidate the underlying mechanism of action.

An immediate peri-implantitis induction model to study regenerative peri-implantitis treatments.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity of the immediate peri-implantitis model to test regenerative therapies in peri-implantitis defects.

Material And Methods: In an immediate peri-implantitis model in beagles, the mandibular third premolars were extracted, and dental implants were immediately placed in the distal extraction sockets. Without a healing period, experimental peri-implantitis was induced by ligature placement for 3 months.