Meta-Analysis of the Heritability of Childhood Height From 560 000 Pairs of Relatives Born Between 1929 and 2004.

Background: Childhood height is commonly used to measure children's health and nutritional status. It is used to define stunting, where a child is considered stunted if their height is shorter than two standard deviations below the Child Growth Standards median. Studies have shown that genetic and environmental factors contribute to childhood height, so understanding these contributions is important for stunting research.

Alcohol consumption and the risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality-a linear and nonlinear Mendelian randomization study.

Background: Many observational studies support light-to-moderate alcohol intake as potentially protective against premature death. We used a genetic approach to evaluate the linear and nonlinear relationships between alcohol consumption and mortality from different underlying causes.

Methods: We used data from 278 093 white-British UK Biobank participants, aged 37-73 years at recruitment and with data on alcohol intake, genetic variants, and mortality.

Lifestyle, genetic risk and incidence of cancer: a prospective cohort study of 13 cancer types.

Background: Genetic and lifestyle factors are associated with cancer risk. We investigated the benefits of adhering to lifestyle advice by the World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) with the risk of 13 types of cancer and whether these associations differ according to genetic risk using data from the UK Biobank.

Methods: In 2006-2010, participants aged 37-73 years had their lifestyle assessed and were followed up for incident cancers until 2015-2019.

Comparison of Helical Blade Systems for Osteoporotic Intertrochanteric Fractures Using Biomechanical Analysis and Clinical Assessments.

: This study aimed to compare the biomechanical properties and outcomes of osteoporotic intertrochanteric fractures treated with two different helical blade systems, the trochanteric fixation nail-advanced (TFNA) and proximal femoral nail antirotation II (PFNA), to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the newly introduced TFNA system. : A biomechanical comparison of the two helical blades was performed using uniaxial compression tests on polyurethane foam blocks of different densities. The peak resistance (PR) and accumulated resistance (AR) were measured during the 20 mm advancement through the test block.

Metabolic profile predicts incident cancer: A large-scale population study in the UK Biobank.

Background And Aims: Analyses to predict the risk of cancer typically focus on single biomarkers, which do not capture their complex interrelations. We hypothesized that the use of metabolic profiles may provide new insights into cancer prediction.

Methods: We used information from 290,888 UK Biobank participants aged 37 to 73 years at baseline.

Considering hormone-sensitive cancers as a single disease in the UK biobank reveals shared aetiology.

Hormone-related cancers, including cancers of the breast, prostate, ovaries, uterine, and thyroid, globally contribute to the majority of cancer incidence. We hypothesize that hormone-sensitive cancers share common genetic risk factors that have rarely been investigated by previous genomic studies of site-specific cancers. Here, we show that considering hormone-sensitive cancers as a single disease in the UK Biobank reveals shared genetic aetiology.

Exploring polygenic-environment and residual-environment interactions for depressive symptoms within the UK Biobank.

Substantial advances have been made in identifying genetic contributions to depression, but little is known about how the effect of genes can be modulated by the environment, creating a gene-environment interaction. Using multivariate reaction norm models (MRNMs) within the UK Biobank (N = 61294-91644), we investigate whether the polygenic and residual variance components of depressive symptoms are modulated by 17 a priori selected covariate traits-12 environmental variables and 5 biomarkers. MRNMs, a mixed-effects modelling approach, provide unbiased polygenic-covariate interaction estimates for a quantitative trait by controlling for outcome-covariate correlations and residual-covariate interactions.

Screw penetration of the iliopsoas muscle causing late-onset pain after total hip arthroplasty: A case report.

Background: Postoperative pain following total hip arthroplasty (THA) may occur in a few patients but may pose a significant challenge to surgeons if the etiology is not identified. Herein, we report the case of a patient who developed late-onset pain following THA due to screw penetration of the iliopsoas tendon.

Case Summary: We report the case of a 77-year-old man who developed inguinal pain 7 years after THA.

GxEsum: a novel approach to estimate the phenotypic variance explained by genome-wide GxE interaction based on GWAS summary statistics for biobank-scale data.

Genetic variation in response to the environment, that is, genotype-by-environment interaction (GxE), is fundamental in the biology of complex traits and diseases. However, existing methods are computationally demanding and infeasible to handle biobank-scale data. Here, we introduce GxEsum, a method for estimating the phenotypic variance explained by genome-wide GxE based on GWAS summary statistics.

Investigating Shared Genetic Basis Across Tourette Syndrome and Comorbid Neurodevelopmental Disorders Along the Impulsivity-Compulsivity Spectrum.

Background: Tourette syndrome (TS) is often found comorbid with other neurodevelopmental disorders across the impulsivity-compulsivity spectrum, with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) as most prevalent. This points to the possibility of a common etiological thread along an impulsivity-compulsivity continuum.

Methods: Investigating the shared genetic basis across TS, ADHD, ASD, and OCD, we undertook an evaluation of cross-disorder genetic architecture and systematic meta-analysis, integrating summary statistics from the latest genome-wide association studies (93,294 individuals, 6,788,510 markers).

Classification of epileptic seizure using feature selection based on fuzzy membership from EEG signal.

Background: Feature selection is a technology that improves the performance result by eliminating overlapping or unrelated features.

Objective: To improve the performance result, this study proposes a new feature selection that uses the distance between the centers.

Methods: This study uses the distance between the centers of gravity (DBCG) of the bounded sum of the weighted fuzzy memberships (BSWFMs) supported by a neural network with weighted fuzzy membership (NEWFM).

Time taken to resume driving following hip arthroscopy.

Background: Resuming driving is a common concern among patients undergoing hip arthroscopy. The present study aimed to assess whether patients who had undergone right hip arthroscopy presented with poorer driving performance than patients with normal hips and to analyze the time required to regain preoperative driving performance.

Methods: Forty-seven patients who had undergone right hip arthroscopy and consented to our test protocol were included in this study.

Accuracy of planar anteversion measurements using anteroposterior radiographs.

Background: Several methods using simple anteroposterior (AP) radiographs have been suggested for the measurement of anteversion of the cup component after total hip arthroplasty. Herein, we compared six widely used anteversion measurement methods using two different types of AP radiograph, the conventional pelvis AP and hip-centered AP radiographs, to identify the measurement method and the type of radiograph that would provide the highest accuracy and reliability.

Methods: We developed two custom-made bi-planar anteversion measurement models for the validation test.

The Impact of Genomic and Traditional Selection on the Contribution of Mutational Variance to Long-Term Selection Response and Genetic Variance.

mutations (DNM) create new genetic variance and are an important driver for long-term selection response. We hypothesized that genomic selection exploits mutational variance less than traditional selection methods such as mass selection or selection on pedigree-based breeding values, because DNM in selection candidates are not captured when the selection candidates' own phenotype is not used in genomic selection, DNM are not on SNP chips and DNM are not in linkage disequilibrium with the SNP on the chip. We tested this hypothesis with Monte Carlo simulation.

Detection of genomic regions underlying resistance to gastrointestinal parasites in Australian sheep.

Background: This study aimed at identifying genomic regions that underlie genetic variation of worm egg count, as an indicator trait for parasite resistance in a large population of Australian sheep, which was genotyped with the high-density 600 K Ovine single nucleotide polymorphism array. This study included 7539 sheep from different locations across Australia that underwent a field challenge with mixed gastrointestinal parasite species. Faecal samples were collected and worm egg counts for three strongyle species, i.

Using imputed whole-genome sequence data to improve the accuracy of genomic prediction for parasite resistance in Australian sheep.

Background: This study aimed at (1) comparing the accuracies of genomic prediction for parasite resistance in sheep based on whole-genome sequence (WGS) data to those based on 50k and high-density (HD) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) panels; (2) investigating whether the use of variants within quantitative trait loci (QTL) regions that were selected from regional heritability mapping (RHM) in an independent dataset improved the accuracy more than variants selected from genome-wide association studies (GWAS); and (3) comparing the prediction accuracies between variants selected from WGS data to variants selected from the HD SNP panel.

Results: The accuracy of genomic prediction improved marginally from 0.16 ± 0.

Effect of selection and selective genotyping for creation of reference on bias and accuracy of genomic prediction.

Reference populations for genomic selection usually involve selected individuals, which may result in biased prediction of estimated genomic breeding values (GEBV). In a simulation study, bias and accuracy of GEBV were explored for various genetic models with individuals selectively genotyped in a typical nucleus breeding program. We compared the performance of three existing methods, that is, Best Linear Unbiased Prediction of breeding values using pedigree-based relationships (PBLUP), genomic relationships for genotyped animals only (GBLUP) and a Single-Step approach (SSGBLUP) using both.

Hip Arthroscopy of a Painful Hip with Borderline Dysplasia.

Purpose: Hip arthroscopy has been considered for treating hip dysplasia; however, its efficacy is still a matter of controversy. Here, we report outcomes of patients with borderline dysplasia treated with a contemporary hip arthroscopy technique.

Materials And Methods: Forty-seven hips with borderline hip dysplasia were treated using hip arthroscopy.

Effect of Spine-Pelvis Relationship in Total Hip Arthroplasty.

When spine-pelvic motion is normally coordinated, the pelvis may tilt posteriorly and acetabular anteversion may increase as the patient's position changes from standing to sitting; this scenario allows for improved clearance of the femoral head and neck during hip flexion. However, changes in the mobility of the spine and pelvis may result in impingement after total hip arthroplasty (THA), with the most obvious complication being dislocation. Understanding the spinal-pelvic relationship in the sagittal plane is essential for planning THA in patients with spinal fusion or a known spine disease.

Age at first birth in women is genetically associated with increased risk of schizophrenia.

Previous studies have shown an increased risk for mental health problems in children born to both younger and older parents compared to children of average-aged parents. We previously used a novel design to reveal a latent mechanism of genetic association between schizophrenia and age at first birth in women (AFB). Here, we use independent data from the UK Biobank (N = 38,892) to replicate the finding of an association between predicted genetic risk of schizophrenia and AFB in women, and to estimate the genetic correlation between schizophrenia and AFB in women stratified into younger and older groups.

Improving genetic prediction by leveraging genetic correlations among human diseases and traits.

Genomic prediction has the potential to contribute to precision medicine. However, to date, the utility of such predictors is limited due to low accuracy for most traits. Here theory and simulation study are used to demonstrate that widespread pleiotropy among phenotypes can be utilised to improve genomic risk prediction.

Perioperative Comparison of Hip Arthroplasty Using the Direct Anterior Approach with the Posterolateral Approach.

Purpose: The aim of the current study is to report the advantage and disadvantage of total hip arthroplasty performed in direct anterior approach (DAA) by comparing it to the posterolateral approach (PLA).

Materials And Methods: Twenty-five hip arthroplasty done in DAA (12 total hip arthroplasty [THA] and 13 bipolar hemiarthroplasty [BHA]) were compared with the same number done in PLA (13 THA and 12 BHA). Intraoperative assessments including operation time, anesthetic time, bleeding amount were recorded with intraoperative complications.

Performance of risk prediction for inflammatory bowel disease based on genotyping platform and genomic risk score method.

Background: Predicting risk of disease from genotypes is being increasingly proposed for a variety of diagnostic and prognostic purposes. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified a large number of genome-wide significant susceptibility loci for Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), two subtypes of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Recent studies have demonstrated that including only loci that are significantly associated with disease in the prediction model has low predictive power and that power can substantially be improved using a polygenic approach.