Elastic Relaxation of Coherent InGaN/GaN Interfaces at the Microwire LED Sidewall.

Elastic relaxation of lattice misfit strain via traction-free surface results in complex 3D strain distribution and morphological modification at the boundary of epitaxial heterostructure. While this phenomenon is extensively studied, the influence of the interface coherency constraining the strain relaxation has received little attention. Here it is shown that the interfacial shear stresses arise toward the traction free sidewall of microscale light emitting diode (LED) wires while the two complementary strained InGaN and GaN layers are relaxed to revert their bulk lattice parameters near the sidewall.

Subsurface Oxygen Vacancy Mediated Surface Reconstruction and Depolarization of Ferroelectric BaTiO (001) Surface.

The interplay between surface reconstruction and depolarization of ferroelectric oxide surfaces is strongly influenced by oxygen vacancies (V). Using in-situ atomic-resolution electron microscopy imaging and spectroscopy techniques, it is directly observed that a clean BaTiO (001) surface stabilizes into (2 × 1) BaO-terminated reconstruction during vacuum annealing. This surface reconstruction is achieved with accommodating BaO deficiency and incorporates TiO adunits.

Flexible, surface-lighting MicroLED skin patch for multiple human skincare.

As the global population ages, concerns regarding aesthetic appearance have increased. Wearable light-emitting diode (LED) devices have received significant attention in the cosmetic fields due to their non-invasive, non-thermal, home-use characteristics. However, conventional bulk LED chips have limitations in flexibility and uniform irradiation, hindering efficient light penetration into the skin.

Spatial Control of Nickel Vacancies in Colloidal NiMgO Nanocrystals for Efficient and Stable All-inorganic Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Diodes.

Colloidal quantum dot (QD)-based light-emitting diodes (QD-LEDs) have reached the pinnacle of quantum efficiency and are now being actively developed for next-generation displays and brighter light sources. Previous research has suggested utilizing inorganic hole-transport layers (HTLs) to explore brighter and more stable QD-LEDs. However, the performance metrics of such QD-LEDs with inorganic HTLs generally lag behind those of organic-inorganic hybrid QD-LEDs employing organic HTLs.

Thermodynamic phase control of Cu-Sn alloy electrocatalysts for selective CO reduction.

In the electrochemical CO reduction reaction (CORR), Cu alloy electrocatalysts can control the CORR selectivity by modulating the intermediate binding energy. Here, we report the thermodynamic-based Cu-Sn bimetallic phase control in heterogeneous catalysts for selective CO conversion. Starting from the thermodynamic understanding about Cu-Sn bimetallic compounds, we established the specific processing window for Cu-Sn bimetallic phase control.

Monitoring the formation of infinite-layer transition metal oxides through in situ atomic-resolution electron microscopy.

Infinite-layer transition metal oxides with two-dimensional oxygen coordination exhibit intriguing electronic and magnetic properties due to strong in-plane orbital hybridization. The synthesis of this distinctive structure has primarily relied on kinetically controlled reduction of oxygen-rich phases featuring three-dimensional polyhedral oxygen coordination. Here, using in situ atomic-resolution electron microscopy, we scrutinize the intricate atomic-scale mechanisms of oxygen conduction leading to the transformation of SrFeO to infinite-layer SrFeO.

Up-and-Coming Drugs for the Treatment of Vitiligo.

Vitiligo is a chronic autoimmune disease that causes depigmented patches on the skin. It affects 0.5%-2.

Solar-driven highly selective conversion of glycerol to dihydroxyacetone using surface atom engineered BiVO photoanodes.

Dihydroxyacetone is the most desired product in glycerol oxidation reaction because of its highest added value and large market demand among all possible oxidation products. However, selectively oxidative secondary hydroxyl groups of glycerol for highly efficient dihydroxyacetone production still poses a challenge. In this study, we engineer the surface of BiVO by introducing bismuth-rich domains and oxygen vacancies (Bi-rich BiVO) to systematically modulate the surface adsorption of secondary hydroxyl groups and enhance photo-induced charge separation for photoelectrochemical glycerol oxidation into dihydroxyacetone conversion.

Feld-induced modulation of two-dimensional electron gas at LaAlO/SrTiO interface by polar distortion of LaAlO.

Since the discovery of two-dimensional electron gas at the LaAlO/SrTiO interface, its intriguing physical properties have garnered significant interests for device applications. Yet, understanding its response to electrical stimuli remains incomplete. Our in-situ transmission electron microscopy analysis of a LaAlO/SrTiO two-dimensional electron gas device under electrical bias reveals key insights.

Predictive Synthesis of Transition Metal Carbide via Thermochemical Oxocarbon Equilibrium.

Fabricating nanoscale metal carbides is a great challenge due to them having higher Gibbs free energy of formation (Δ) values than other metal compounds; additionally, these carbides have harsh calcination conditions, in which metal oxidation is preferred in the atmosphere. Herein, we report oxocarbon-mediated calcination for the predictive synthesis of nanoscale metal carbides. The thermochemical oxocarbon equilibrium of CO-CO reactions was utilized to control the selective redox reactions in multiatomic systems of Mo-C-O, contributing to the phase-forming and structuring of Mo compounds.

Electronic-grade epitaxial (111) KTaO heterostructures.

KTaO heterostructures have recently attracted attention as model systems to study the interplay of quantum paraelectricity, spin-orbit coupling, and superconductivity. However, the high and low vapor pressures of potassium and tantalum present processing challenges to creating heterostructure interfaces clean enough to reveal the intrinsic quantum properties. Here, we report superconducting heterostructures based on high-quality epitaxial (111) KTaO thin films using an adsorption-controlled hybrid PLD to overcome the vapor pressure mismatch.

Surface-Originated Weak Confinement in Tetrahedral Indium Arsenide Quantum Dots.

While the shape-dependent quantum confinement (QC) effect in anisotropic semiconductor nanocrystals has been extensively studied, the QC in facet-specified polyhedral quantum dots (QDs) remains underexplored. Recently, tetrahedral nanocrystals have gained prominence in III-V nanocrystal synthesis. In our study, we successfully synthesized well-faceted tetrahedral InAs QDs with a first excitonic absorption extending up to 1700 nm.

CXCL12 Neutralizing Antibody Promotes Hair Growth in Androgenic Alopecia and Alopecia Areata.

We had previously investigated the expression and functional role of C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 12 (CXCL12) during the hair cycle progression. CXCL12 was highly expressed in stromal cells such as dermal fibroblasts (DFs) and inhibition of CXCL12 increased hair growth. Therefore, we further investigated whether a CXCL12 neutralizing antibody (αCXCL12) is effective for androgenic alopecia (AGA) and alopecia areata (AA) and studied the underlying molecular mechanism for treating these diseases.

Surface triggered stabilization of metastable charge-ordered phase in SrTiO.

Charge ordering (CO), characterized by a periodic modulation of electron density and lattice distortion, has been a fundamental topic in condensed matter physics, serving as a potential platform for inducing novel functional properties. The charge-ordered phase is known to occur in a doped system with high d-electron occupancy, rather than low occupancy. Here, we report the realization of the charge-ordered phase in electron-doped (100) SrTiO epitaxial thin films that have the lowest d-electron occupancy i.

2D-Material-Assisted GaN Growth on GaN Template by MOCVD and Its Exfoliation Strategy.

The production of freestanding membranes using two-dimensional (2D) materials often involves techniques such as van der Waals (vdW) epitaxy, quasi-vdW epitaxy, and remote epitaxy. However, a challenge arises when attempting to manufacture freestanding GaN by using these 2D-material-assisted growth techniques. The issue lies in securing stability, as high-temperature growth conditions under metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) can cause damage to the 2D materials due to GaN decomposition of the substrate.

Ulcerative Colitis Diagnosed through Evaluation of Underlying Diseases in a Pyoderma Gangrenosum Adolescent without Gastrointestinal Symptoms.

Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a rare, non-infectious, neutrophilic dermatosis characterized by painful ulcers with indistinct borders and peripheral erythema. The diagnosis of PG requires the exclusion of other causes of similar appearing skin manifestations, including vasculitis and infections. The pathogenesis of PG is not clear; however, dysregulation of the immune system has been suggested in previous studies.

The effects of long-pulsed alexandrite laser therapy on facial redness and skin microbiota compositions in rosacea: A prospective, multicentre, single-arm clinical trial.

Background: Rosacea is a chronic skin disorder characterised by abnormal neurovasculature and inflammation in the central region of the face. The efficacy of pulsed-dye laser and intense pulsed light treatments for rosacea have been demonstrated in several clinical trials. However, there is currently no research on the efficacy of long-pulsed alexandrite laser (LPAL) therapy alone for rosacea-related facial redness and its effect on skin microbiota.

Dual-wavelength long-pulsed 755-nm alexandrite/1,064-nm Nd:YAG laser versus Nd:YAG alone for treatment of palmoplantar verruca.

We compared the effectiveness and safety of the long-pulsed neodymium-doped yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser alone and combined with a 755-nm alexandrite laser for treating palmoplantar warts. We divided patients into two groups to receive up to four monthly treatments with Nd:YAG alone (single-wavelength) or combined with the alexandrite laser (dual-wavelength). We assessed treatment responses (according to clearance rate), vascular/hyperkeratosis grades, and patient satisfaction and pain ratings.

Worldwide expert recommendations for the diagnosis and management of vitiligo: Position statement from the International Vitiligo Task Force Part 1: towards a new management algorithm.

Background: The treatment of vitiligo can be challenging and depends on several factors such as the subtype, disease activity, vitiligo extent, and treatment goals. Vitiligo usually requires a long-term approach. To improve the management of vitiligo worldwide, a clear and up-to-date guide based on international consensus with uniform stepwise recommendations is needed.

Worldwide expert recommendations for the diagnosis and management of vitiligo: Position statement from the international Vitiligo Task Force-Part 2: Specific treatment recommendations.

Background: The treatment of vitiligo can be challenging. Up-to-date agreed consensus recommendations on the use of topical and systemic therapies to facilitate the clinical management of vitiligo are currently lacking.

Objectives: To develop internationally agreed-upon expert-based recommendations for the treatment of vitiligo.

ISG15-USP18 Dysregulation by Oxidative Stress Promotes IFN-γ Secretion from CD8+ T Cells in Vitiligo.

Excessive oxidative stress is thought to play pathologic roles in cellular senescence and autoimmune disorders by inducing inflammation and breaking down immune tolerance. In this study, we sought to identify the factors linking oxidative stress to autoimmunity and cellular senescence in vitiligo, where elevated oxidative stress plays an important role. RNA sequencing analysis of hydrogen peroxide-treated melanocytes revealed upregulation of ISG15.

A large fibrotic nodule on the A1 pulley with severe tenosynovitis after repetitive prolotherapy in trigger finger: a case report.

Prolotherapy is used to treat chronic musculoskeletal diseases. The efficacy of prolotherapy was recently acknowledged. However, it has not been usually used to treat trigger fingers.