Neuro-Restorative Effect of Nimodipine and Calcitriol in 1-Methyl 4-Phenyl 1,2,3,6 Tetrahydropyridine-Induced Zebrafish Parkinson's Disease Model.

Objective: Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases, characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. The treatment of PD aims to alleviate motor symptoms by replacing the reduced endogenous dopamine. Currently, there are no disease-modifying agents for the treatment of PD.

Morbidity and Mortality Trends in Preterm Infants of <32 Weeks Gestational Age with Severe Intraventricular Hemorrhage : A 14-Year Single-Center Retrospective Study.

Objective: Owing to advances in critical care treatment, the overall survival rate of preterm infants born at a gestational age (GA) <32 weeks has consistently improved. However, the incidence of severe intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) has persisted, and there are few reports on in-hospital morbidity and mortality. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate trends surrounding in-hospital morbidity and mortality of preterm infants with severe IVH over a 14-year period.

Pediatric Minor Traumatic Brain Injury : Growing Skull Fracture, Traumatic Cerebrospinal Fluid Leakage, Concussion.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major public health issue that causes significant morbidity and mortality in the pediatric population. Pediatric minor TBIs are the most common and are widely underreported because not all patients seek medical attention. The specific management of these patients is distinct from that of adult patients because of the different physiologies in these age groups.

Predictive Factors of Surgical Site Infection Following Cranioplasty: A Study Including 3D Printed Implants.

In patients who have undergone decompressive craniectomy (DC), subsequent cranioplasty is required to reconstruct cranial defects. Surgical site infection (SSI) following cranioplasty is a devastating complication that can lead to cranioplasty failure. The aim of the present study, therefore, was to identify predictive factors for SSI following cranioplasty by reviewing procedures performed over a 10-year period.

Color Doppler ultrasonography for predicting the patency of anastomosis after superficial temporal to middle cerebral artery bypass surgery.

Background: Color Doppler ultrasonography (CDUS) is used to evaluate the surgical success and postoperative hemodynamic changes of patients who receive superficial temporal to middle cerebral artery (STA-MCA) bypass surgery. Previous studies enrolled small populations, and difficulties interpreting the results have limited their use in clinical settings.

Objective: We attempted to determine the feasibility of using CDUS to evaluate STA hemodynamics and identify the most reliable parameter as a new clinical implication for determining bypass patency.

Paraspinal muscle changes after single-level posterior lumbar fusion: volumetric analyses and literature review.

Background: Posterior lumbar fusion is a widely accepted surgical technique; however, it has been related to the possibility of paraspinal muscle atrophy after surgery. We investigated 1-year postoperative changes in paraspinal muscle volume using a simple formula applicable to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) images.

Methods: Patients with degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis who underwent posterior interbody fusion (PLIF) at the L4/5 level in the period from May 2010 to June 2017 were enrolled in this study.

Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells : Clinical Significance and Applications in Neurologic Diseases.

The generation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from somatic cells using gene transfer opens new areas for precision medicine with personalized cell therapy and encourages the discovery of essential platforms for targeted drug development. iPSCs retain the genome of the donor, may regenerate indefinitely, and undergo differentiation into virtually any cell type of interest using a range of published protocols. There has been enormous interest among researchers regarding the application of iPSC technology to regenerative medicine and human disease modeling, in particular, modeling of neurologic diseases using patient-specific iPSCs.

Segmental Motion of the Cervical Spine After Total Disc Replacement Using ActivC Versus Discectomy and Fusion Using Stand-alone Cage.

Objective: Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) has been a widely accepted procedure for the treatment of cervical disc diseases. However, due to several reports regarding postfusion exacerbation of adjacent segments, a motion-preserving prosthesis was developed. In the present retrospective analysis, total disc replacement (TDR) using ActivC (Aesculap AG, Tuttlingen, Germany) was compared with ACDF using a stand-alone cage.

Posterior circulation involvement and collateral flow pattern in moyamoya disease with the RNF213 polymorphism.

Purpose: Moyamoya disease is a chronic cerebrovascular disorder characterized by progressive stenosis of the circle of Willis with a compensatory collateral vessel network. Recent studies have identified the ring finger protein 213 gene (RNF213) as the unique susceptibility gene for moyamoya disease. The purpose of this study was to compare clinical features of moyamoya disease, especially angiographic findings, between patients with and without the RNF213 mutation.

S100ß, Matrix Metalloproteinase-9, D-dimer, and Heat Shock Protein 70 Are Serologic Biomarkers of Acute Cerebral Infarction in a Mouse Model of Transient MCA Occlusion.

Objective: Diagnosing acute cerebral infarction is crucial in determining prognosis of stroke patients. Although many serologic tests for prompt diagnosis are available, the clinical application of serologic tests is currently limited. We investigated whether S100β, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), D-dimer, and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) can be used as biomarkers for acute cerebral infarction.

The Potential of Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Predicting the Outcomes of Chronic Subdural Hematomas.

Objective: Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) has proven useful in the study of the natural history of ischemic stroke. However, the potential of DW-MRI for the evaluation of chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) has not been established. In this study, we investigated DW-MRI findings of CSDH and evaluated the impact of the image findings on postoperative outcomes of CSDH.

Analysis of the Factors Affecting Surgical Site Infection and Bone Flap Resorption after Cranioplasty with Autologous Cryopreserved Bone: The Importance of Temporalis Muscle Preservation.

Aim: To investigate the outcomes and associated complications after delayed cranioplasty using autologous, cryopreserved bone.

Material And Methods: This retrospective study included 57 consecutive patients treated with cranioplasty with autologous cryopreserved bone for various conditions causing increased intracranial pressure due to brain swelling. The incidence and risk factor of surgical site infection (SSI) and bone flap resorption were analyzed.

Increased Ratio of Superficial Temporal Artery Flow Rate After Superficial Temporal Artery-to-Middle Cerebral Artery Anastomosis: Can It Reflect the Extent of Collateral Flow?

Objective: There are several ways to identify donor artery patency and success of surgery after an anastomosis of the superficial temporal artery (STA) to the middle cerebral artery (MCA). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ratio of bilateral STA mean flow rate (MFR) with the use of color Doppler ultrasonography (CDUS) after bypass surgery and to confirm the possibility of this value as a predictor of the extent of collateral flow.

Methods: Eleven consecutive patients who had undergone STA-MCA anastomosis were included.

Clinical Results of Odontoid Fractures according to a Modified, Treatment-Oriented Classification.

Objective: Odontoid fracture is common in cervical injury, representing about 20% of total cervical fractures. Classic odontoid fracture classification focused on anatomy of fracture site has no treatment recommendation and a modified treatment-oriented classification of odontoid fracture was suggested in 2005. We reviewed our odontoid fracture patients to assess the feasibility and efficacy of Grauer's classification.

Longitudinal impact of anxiety on depressive outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndrome: Findings from the K-DEPACS study.

This study investigated the impact of anxiety evaluated within 2 weeks of an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) episode on depressive outcomes at a 1-year follow-up assessment. In 828 ACS patients, anxiety was determined by Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-anxiety subscale at baseline, and DSM-IV depressive disorders and depressive symptoms were evaluated both at baseline and follow-up. Anxiety at baseline was significantly associated with depressive disorder at the follow-up and less improvement in depressive symptoms over 1-year.

Associations of Upper Arm and Thigh Circumferences with Dementia and Depression in Korean Elders.

Objective: Previous studies have reported an association between weight loss and cognitive impairment. Changes in anthropometric measurements, such as arm and thigh circumferences, are associated with body mass changes and physical activity. Our aim was to investigate the association of upper arm and thigh circumferences with dementia and depression in the community-dwelling elderly population.

Single-stage Transpedicular Vertebrectomy and Expandable Cage Placement for Treatment of Unstable Mid and Lower Lumbar Burst Fractures.

Study Design: Retrospective clinical and radiographic study.

Objective: To examine the efficacy and safety of vertebrectomy and expandable cage placement by a single-stage posterior approach for unstable mid and lower lumbar burst fractures (below the L3).

Summary Of Background Data: Patients with unstable mid and lower lumbar burst fractures require surgical treatment to relieve pain, address paralysis, and stabilize the spine to prevent further segmental deformity.

Subdural Hematoma without Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Caused by the Rupture of Middle Cerebral Artery Aneurysm.

Pure subdural hematomas caused by a ruptured intracranial aneurysm are extremely rare. We describe the case of a 42-year-old woman who presented with headache without evidence of head trauma. Magnetic resonance angiography and conventional cerebral angiography revealed a ruptured aneurysm at the right middle cerebral artery bifurcation.

The Use of Gentamicin-Impregnated Collagen Sponge for Reducing Surgical Site Infection after Spine Surgery.

Objective: Surgical site infection (SSI) is the one of the most frequent complications in hospitalized patients, and it extends hospital stays and causes extra morbidities. To reduce SSI after spine surgery, we applied the gentamicin-impregnated collagen sponge (Collatamp G) during the operation and analyzed the results retrospectively.

Methods: Between October 2012 and December 2015, we collected data who applied the Collatamp G in spine surgery at a single institution.

Biomechanical Changes in Disc Pressure and Facet Strain after Lumbar Spinal Arthroplasty with Charité in the Human Cadaveric Spine under Physiologic Compressive Follower Preload.

Aim: Arthroplasty maintains the biomechanical features of a healthy disc, decreases the adjacent segment disease rate, and decreases the accelerated degeneration rate of the neighboring discs in traditional fusion procedures. However, there are only a few reports on adjacent disc pressure (DP) and facet strain (FS) after lumbar arthroplasty under a physiologic compressive preload.

Material And Methods: Baseline DP and FS measurements were obtained from five intact cadaveric human lumbosacral spines for different modes of motion.

Development and Growth of the Normal Cranial Vault : An Embryologic Review.

Understanding the development of a skull deformity requires an understanding of the normal morphogenesis of the cranium. Craniosynostosis is the premature, pathologic ossification of one or more cranial sutures leading to skull deformities. A review of the English medical literature using textbooks and standard search engines was performed to gather information about the prenatal development and growth of the cranial vault of the neurocranium.