Formyl-methionine-mediated eukaryotic ribosome quality control pathway for cold adaptation.

Protein synthesis in the eukaryotic cytosol can start using both conventional methionine and formyl-methionine (fMet). However, a mechanism, if such exists, for detecting and regulating the incorporation of fMet (instead of Met) during translation, thereby preventing cellular toxicity of nascent fMet-bearing (fMet-) polypeptides, remains unknown. Here, we describe the fMet-mediated ribosome quality control (fMet-RQC) pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Angiographic Insights and Endovascular Intervention in Pulmonary Artery Pseudoaneurysms: A Comprehensive Clinical and Pictorial Essay.

Pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysms (PAPs) are rare and can occasionally be overlooked as a cause of hemoptysis. The rupture of PAPs may lead to severe and massive hemoptysis and asphyxiation, necessitating prompt and accurate diagnostic measures, including CT angiography, in conjunction with clinical awareness for adequate management. The aim of this pictorial essay is to establish a strategy for endovascular intervention based on a comprehensive understanding of the etiology and hemodynamics of bronchopulmonary circulation for effective and rapid PAP treatment.

Simultaneous reduction of greenhouse gas and NH emissions by combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers in maize-cabbage cropping systems.

Intensive nitrogen (N) fertilization enhances crop yield but also increases ammonia (NH) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (CO, CH and NO), requiring sustainable fertilization regimes. The co-application of organic and inorganic fertilizers can decrease the use of inorganic fertilizer, reduce environmental pollution, and enhance soil fertility. A simultaneous investigation of the effects of combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers on NH volatilization, GHG emissions, and soil fertility is, however, lacking.

Discovery of Bucculatrix koreana sp. nov. and newly recorded Bucculatrix duanwuia (Lepidoptera: Bucculatricidae) in Korea.

In this study, we describe a new species, Bucculatrix koreana sp. nov., and report B.

Recombinant ADAMTS1 promotes muscle cell differentiation and alleviates muscle atrophy by repressing NOTCH1.

A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 1 (ADAMTS1) plays crucial roles in various biological processes, including myogenesis, by modulating the neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 1 (NOTCH1) signaling pathway. However, the mechanisms through which ADAMTS1 regulates myogenesis remain unclear. In this study, we generated recombinant ADAMTS1 mutants and determined their effects on muscle cell differentiation, focusing on the regulation of NOTCH1 signaling.

Break-up and recovery of harmony between direct and indirect pathways in the basal ganglia: Huntington's disease and treatment.

Unlabelled: The basal ganglia (BG) in the brain exhibit diverse functions for motor, cognition, and emotion. Such BG functions could be made via competitive harmony between the two competing pathways, direct pathway (DP) (facilitating movement) and indirect pathway (IP) (suppressing movement). As a result of break-up of harmony between DP and IP, there appear pathological states with disorder for movement, cognition, and psychiatry.

Quantifying harmony between direct and indirect pathways in the basal ganglia: healthy and Parkinsonian states.

The basal ganglia (BG) show a variety of functions for motor and cognition. There are two competitive pathways in the BG; direct pathway (DP) which facilitates movement and indirect pathway (IP) which suppresses movement. It is well known that diverse functions of the BG may be made through "balance" between DP and IP.

Adult neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus affects sparsely synchronized rhythms, associated with pattern separation and integration.

Unlabelled: We are concerned about sparsely synchronized rhythms (SSRs), associated with diverse cognitive functions, in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. Distinctly, adult-born immature GCs (imGCs) emerge through neurogenesis, in addition to the mature granule cells (mGCs) (emerged in the developmental stage). In prior work, these mGCs and imGCs were found to exhibit their distinct roles in pattern separation and integration for encoding cortical inputs, respectively.

Macropinocytosis-targeted peptide-docetaxel conjugate for bystander pancreatic cancer treatment.

Oncogenic Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) mutations are highly prevalent in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and have garnered attention as potential targets for targeted therapies, such as KRAS inhibitors. However, the limited therapeutic efficacy of KRAS allele-specific inhibitors necessitate an efficient pan-KRAS cancer cell killing strategy. Here, we have examined enhanced macropinocytosis pathway in KRAS mutant cancer cells and report improved intracellular delivery of albumin-based therapeutics.

Delineation of the substrate recognition domain of MARCHF6 E3 ubiquitin ligase in the Ac/N-degron pathway and its regulatory role in ferroptosis.

Nα-terminal acetylation in eukaryotic proteins creates specific degradation signals (Ac/N-degrons) targeted for ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis via the Ac/N-degron pathway. Despite the identification of key components of the Ac/N-degron pathway over the past 15 years, the precise recognition domain (Ac/N domain) remains unclear. Here, we defined the Ac/N domain of the endoplasmic reticulum MARCHF6 E3 ubiquitin ligase through a systematic analysis of its cytosol-facing regions using alanine-stretch mutagenesis, chemical crosslinking-based co-immunoprecipitation-immunoblotting, and split-ubiquitin assays in human and yeast cells.

Effect of adult-born immature granule cells on pattern separation in the hippocampal dentate gyrus.

Young immature granule cells (imGCs) appear via adult neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG). In comparison to mature GCs (mGCs) (born during development), the imGCs exhibit two competing distinct properties such as high excitability (increasing activation degree) and low excitatory innervation (reducing activation degree). We develop a spiking neural network for the DG, incorporating both the mGCs and the imGCs.

Synergistic anticancer immunity in metastatic triple-negative breast cancer through an in situ amplifying Peptide-Drug Conjugate.

Despite significant progress in combining cancer immunotherapy with chemotherapy to treat triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), challenges persist due to target depletion and tumor heterogeneity, especially in metastasis. Chemotherapy lacks precise targeting abilities, and targeted therapy is inadequate in addressing the diverse heterogeneity of tumors. To address these challenges, we introduce RGDEVD-DOX as a tumor-specific immunogenic agent, namely TPD1, which targets integrin αvβ3 and gets continuously activated by apoptosis.

Platycodon grandiflorum root extract inhibits Aβ deposition by breaking the vicious circle linking oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease accompanied by irreversible cognitive impairment. A deleterious feedback loop between oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in early AD exacerbates AD-related pathology. Platycodon grandiflorum root extract (PGE) has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in several organs.

Stimulating macropinocytosis of peptide-drug conjugates through DNA-dependent protein kinase inhibition for treating KRAS-mutant cancer.

KRAS-mutant cancers, due to their protein targeting complexity, present significant therapeutic hurdles. The identification of the macropinocytic phenotype in these cancers has emerged as a promising alternative therapeutic target. Our study introduces MPD1, an macropinocytosis-targeting peptide-drug conjugates (PDC), which is developed to treat KRAS mutant cancers.

Improvement in Testosterone Production by for the Alleviation of Andropause Symptoms.

has a number of beneficial effects, including protective effects against age-related disorders. In this study, the effects of on testosterone production and andropause symptoms were evaluated. We first treated TM3 mouse Leydig cells, responsible for testosterone production, with aqueous extract at different concentrations.

Correction to: Population and individual firing behaviors in sparsely synchronized rhythms in the hippocampal dentate gyrus.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1007/s11571-021-09728-4.].

Enhancing automated strabismus classification with limited data: Data augmentation using StyleGAN2-ADA.

In this study, we propose a generative data augmentation technique to overcome the challenges of severely limited data when designing a deep learning-based automated strabismus diagnosis system. We implement a generative model based on the StyleGAN2-ADA model for system design and assess strabismus classification performance using two classifiers. We evaluate the capability of our proposed method against traditional data augmentation techniques and confirm a substantial enhancement in performance.

Efficacy of adjuvant mitomycin-C and triamcinolone-impregnated nasal packing for endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy.

Aim: To compare the success rate and complications of adjuvant use of mitomycin C and triamcinolone-impregnated biodegradable nasal packing (TABP) in endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR). And to evaluate the efficacy of combining intraoperative mitomycin C and TABP for endoscopic DCR.

Methods: A total of 198 eyes of 148 patients who underwent endoscopic DCR for acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction were retrospectively analysed.

Social network analysis for medical narcotics in South Korea: focusing on patients and healthcare organizations.

Background: Medical narcotics must be administered under medical supervision because of their potential for misuse and abuse, leading to more dangerous and addictive substances. The control of medical narcotics requires close monitoring to ensure that they remain safe and effective. This study proposes a methodology that can effectively identify the overprescription of medical narcotics in hospitals and patients.

Glioma subtype classification from histopathological images using in-domain and out-of-domain transfer learning: An experimental study.

We provide in this paper a comprehensive comparison of various transfer learning strategies and deep learning architectures for computer-aided classification of adult-type diffuse gliomas. We evaluate the generalizability of out-of-domain ImageNet representations for a target domain of histopathological images, and study the impact of in-domain adaptation using self-supervised and multi-task learning approaches for pretraining the models using the medium-to-large scale datasets of histopathological images. A semi-supervised learning approach is furthermore proposed, where the fine-tuned models are utilized to predict the labels of unannotated regions of the whole slide images (WSI).

Torsion and clinical features in patients with acquired fourth cranial nerve palsy.

This retrospective study aimed to compare objective/subjective torsion and other clinical characteristics of patients with acquired trochlear nerve palsy. This study included 82 consecutive patients who were diagnosed with acquired fourth cranial nerve palsy between 2014 and 2021 and who were followed up for ≥ 6 months. The etiologies, ocular deviation, objective and subjective torsions were reviewed.

Influence of Preoperative COVID-19 Vaccination on Outcomes After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting-A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis.

Background: Reports of intravascular thrombosis and cardiac complications have raised concerns about the safety of COVID-19 vaccinations, particularly in patients with high cardiovascular risk. Herein, we aimed to analyze the impact of preoperative COVID-19 vaccination on outcomes after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).

Methods And Results: Among 520 patients who underwent isolated CABG from 2020 to 2022, 481 patients (mean±SD age: 67±11 years, 86 women) whose COVID-19 vaccination status could be confirmed were included.

A study on the 10-year trend of surgeries performed for lumbar disc herniation and comparative analysis of prescribed opioid analgesics and hospitalization duration: 2010-2019 HIRA NPS Data.

Background: This study, utilizing the claims data from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service of Korea, aimed to examine the 10-year (2010-2019) trends in various types of lumbar spine surgeries performed on patients diagnosed with lumbar herniated intervertebral disc (HIVD), and the current status of opioid prescriptions, as well as the duration of postoperative hospital stays based on the type of surgery performed.

Method: This retrospective cross-sectional study examined patients with one or more national health insurance claims carrying a primary or secondary diagnosis of HIVD (ICD-10 codes: M511, M518, M519) over a 10-year period (2010-2019). From the patients undergoing lumbar spine surgery, we selected those who did not require reoperation within 30 days following the initial lumbar surgery.