Microscopic and nuclear morphometric findings of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma, renal oncocytoma, and tumor with overlapping histology.

We compared the microscopic and nuclear morphometric characteristics of classical chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (C-ChRC) and renal oncocytoma (RO) and applied meaningful characteristics to differentiate eosinophilic chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (E-ChRC) from RO that has overlapping histology (RO-OH) with E-ChRC to know the usefulness of nuclear morphometry. Microscopic and morphometric characteristics were evaluated in 24 C-ChRCs, 6 E-ChRCs, 5 RO-OHs, and 25 classical ROs (C-ROs). The microscopic findings favoring C-ChRC were rasinoid nuclei, perinuclear halo, and distinct cytoplasmic membrane.

Promoter methylation status of hMLH1, hMSH2, and MGMT genes in colorectal cancer associated with adenoma-carcinoma sequence.

Purpose: Epigenetic silencing of the DNA mismatch repair genes has been poorly described in colorectal carcinomas showing the classic adenoma-carcinoma pathway of carcinogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the methylation status of MutL homolog 1 (hMLH1), MutS homolog 2 (hMSH2), and O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) in a series of colorectal carcinomas that contain both adenomas and carcinomas.

Methods: Promoter methylation of hMLH1, hMSH2, and MGMT was evaluated in normal mucosa, adenoma, and carcinoma samples from 112 colorectal cancer patients.

H2AFX polymorphisms are associated with decreased risk of diffuse large B cell lymphoma in Koreans.

Polymorphisms of the H2A histone family member X (H2AFX) gene have been associated with decreased non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL, -417AA) risk and increased breast cancer (1654AG/GG, and -1420GA/AA) risk. We investigated whether H2AFX polymorphisms are associated with the risk of NHL and its subtypes in 573 NHL Korean patients and 721 cancer-free control subjects, using high resolution melting polymerase chain reaction and an automatic sequencer. There was no association between polymorphisms and the risk of overall NHL, all B cell lymphoma, or all T cell lymphoma.

A polymorphism (G894T) in eNOS increases the risk of coronary atherosclerosis rather than intracranial atherosclerosis in Koreans.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate whether genetic variations in the eNOS gene were associated with intracranial and extracranial atherosclerosis in Koreans.

Materials And Methods: We analyzed data on 282 consecutive Korean patients with atherosclerosis in intracranial (ICAS) or extracranial vessels, and compared with 300 healthy individuals. The eNOS gene polymorphism was analyzed by PCR and direct sequencing.

Fas and FasL polymorphisms are not associated with acute myeloid leukemia risk in Koreans.

Fas and Fas ligand (FasL) polymorphisms in the promoter regions influence transcriptional activities. The interaction of these two genes plays a crucial role in apoptotic cell death regulation. They have been associated with esophageal, lung, uterine cervical, and urinary bladder cancers in human.

PARP-1 Val762Ala polymorphism is associated with reduced risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in Korean males.

Background: Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) is a nuclear enzyme that plays a role in DNA repair, differentiation, proliferation, and cell death. The polymorphisms of PARP-1 have been associated with the risk of various carcinomas, including breast, lung, and prostate. We investigated whether PARP-1 polymorphisms are associated with the risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL).

Cytologic features of primary signet ring cell carcinoma of the bladder: a case report.

Background: Signet ring cell carcinoma is a very rare subtype of adenocarcinoma of the urinary bladder. Urine cytology is a useful method for screening and followup of urinary bladder carcinoma.

Case: A 43-year-old woman was referred for evaluation of painless hematuria.

Polymyositis and myocarditis after donor lymphocyte infusion.

Chronic graft versus host disease (GVHD) is a common late complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Polymyositis is a rare manifestation of chronic GVHD after donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI). Patients with both polymyositis and myocarditis have not been reported to date.

Microsatellite instability at a tetranucleotide repeat in type I endometrial carcinoma.

Background: Microsatellite instability (MSI) at tri- or tetranucleotide repeat markers (elevated microsatellite alterations at selected tetranucleotide repeat, EMAST) has been recently described. But, the underlying genetic mechanism of EMAST is unclear. This study was to investigate the prevalence of EMAST, in type I endometrial carcinoma, and to determine the correlation between the MSI status and mismatch repair genes (MMR) or p53.

Effectiveness of sputum cytology using ThinPrep method for evaluation of lung cancer.

Sputum cytology is a non-invasive test for evaluating lung cancer. But, its sensitivity is yet lower than other tests. ThinPrep (TP) is an automated cytopreparatory method that has mucolytic and hemolysing effects.

Genetic alterations of Wnt signaling pathway-associated genes in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background And Aim: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Recently, abnormal activation of the Wnt pathway has been found to be involved in the carcinogenesis of HCC. However, the relationship between genetic changes in the Wnt pathway-associated genes and its protein expression has not been studied in patients with HCC and cirrhotic nodules.

Claudin-7 is highly expressed in chromophobe renal cell carcinoma and renal oncocytoma.

Claudin-7 has recently been suggested to be a distal nephron marker. We tested the possibility that expression of claudin-7 could be used as a marker of renal tumors originating from the distal nephron. We examined the immunohistochemical expression of claudin-7 and parvalbumin in 239 renal tumors, including 179 clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC)s, 29 papillary RCCs, 20 chromophobe RCCs, and 11 renal oncocytomas.

Primary large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the urinary bladder.

Primary large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas (LCNEC) of the urinary bladder are rare. Reported herein is a case of a primary, pure LCNEC occurring in a man. The patient was a 32-year-old man who presented with hematuria of 1 week's duration.

Three cases of xanthogranulomatous epididymitis caused by E. coli.

Xanthogranulomatous epididymitis is an uncommon but benign process, characterized by tissue destruction and the accumulation of abundant foamy macrophages mixed with lymphocytes and plasma cells. The pathogens generally found to cause xanthogranulomatous inflammation have been Proteus and E. coli.

Clinical and cytologic features of papillary neoplasms of the breast.

Objective: To compare the cytologic features benign and malignant papillary breast lesions.

Study Design: We reviewed the clinical and cytologic features in 29 cases of intraductal papilloma and 26 cases of atypical papilloma or papillary carcinoma that had been diagnosed by histologic examination. The diameter of the mass was examined as a clinical feature.

CDX-2 homeobox gene expression in human gastric carcinoma and precursor lesions.

Background: Recent studies have demonstrated that CDX-2 is expressed in the intestinal metaplasia of the stomach and intestinal-type gastric cancer. To address the role of CDX-2 in carcinogenesis of gastric carcinomas of intestinal type, the expression of CDX-2 in gastric carcinoma and precursor lesions were examined using immunohistochemistry.

Methods: A total of 160 specimens diagnosed as gastric carcinomas or non-invasive neoplasia from 158 patients were analyzed for CDX-2 expression by immunochemical methods.

Expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in adenocarcinomas of the uterine cervix and its relation to angiogenesis and tumor growth.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression in adenocarcinomas of the uterine cervix and its correlation with clinicopathologic features, angiogenesis, and tumor growth.

Methods: Thirty-nine cases of FIGO clinical stage I and II adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix were examined by immunohistochemical studies with anti-COX-2. Microvessels were immunohistochemically labeled with an antibody to CD34.

Analysis of fine needle aspiration cytology of the breast: a review of 1,297 cases and correlation with histologic diagnoses.

Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology of the breast and to ascertain its usefulness.

Study Design: The authors reviewed 1,297 cases of FNA cytology of the breast which were performed at Chonnam National University Hospital from 1999 to 2002. Cytologic diagnoses were compared with histologic diagnoses in 457 cases that underwent both cytologic and histologic examination.

Frequent CpG island methylation in precursor lesions and early gastric adenocarcinomas.

Gastric carcinogenesis involves multiple genetic and epigenetic alterations. Epigenetic silencing of tumor-related genes due to CpG island methylation (CIM) has been recently reported in gastric cancer, but the role in precursor lesions is not well understood. We analysed the methylation status of the tumor suppressor gene p16, the DNA mismatch repair gene hMLH1, and four CpG islands (MINT1, MINT2, MINT25, and MINT31) using methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction in 35 polypoid adenomas and 46 flat dysplasias unassociated with carcinoma, 34 early adenocarcinomas (T1N0M0) and associated adenomas/dysplasias, and corresponding adjacent non-neoplastic mucosa.

Clinicopathologic analysis of fine needle aspiration cytology of the thyroid. A review of 1,613 cases and correlation with histopathologic diagnoses.

Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of fine needle aspiration (FNA) of thyroid lesions at our institution and to ascertain its usefulness in determining the therapeutic approach.

Study Design: The authors reviewed the results of 1,613 cases of FNA cytology of thyroid nodules performed from 1999 to 2001 at the Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University Hospital. Cytologic diagnoses were compared with histologic diagnoses in 207 cases that included both FNA and thyroid surgery.

Metastatic Anaplastic Carcinoma of the Small Intestine Arising from The Lung.

A metastatic carcinoma of the small intestine is rare. Here, the case study of an 80-year-old lung carcinoma patient, with generalized peritonitis due to neoplastic perforation of the small intestine is reported. Pathological studies of a small intestinal mass revealed a metastatic anaplastic carcinoma arising from the lung.

Case of mucinous adenocarcinoma with porcelain gallbladder.

Histologically, the majority of gallbladder cancers are adenocarcinomas. Among the adenocarcinomas, the mucinous adenocarcinoma is relatively uncommon. Porcelain gallbladder is a rare finding and the risk of gallbladder cancer is significantly increased in porcelain gallbladder.

Inverse relationship between APC gene mutation in gastric adenomas and development of adenocarcinoma.

Gastric cancer is common among the world, but genetic mechanisms of gastric carcinogenesis are not well understood. Gastric polypoid adenomas and flat dysplasias are regarded as precursor lesions. However, a detailed molecular study of these lesions has not been done to determine their role as precancerous lesions.