Light-promoted aromatic denitrative chlorination.

Nitroarenes are readily accessible bulk chemicals and can serve as versatile starting materials for a series of synthetic reactions. However, due to the inertness of the C-NO bond, the direct denitrative substitution reaction with unactivated nitroarenes remains challenging. Chemists rely on sequential reduction and diazotization followed by the Sandmeyer reaction or the nucleophilic aromatic substitution of activated nitroarenes to realize nitro group transformations.

A self-assembled fluorescent nanoprobe recognized by FA1 site for specifically selecting HSA: Its applications in hemin detection, cell imaging and fluorescent tracing drug delivery.

As naturally essential biomacromolecule, HSA has become diagnostic indicators for various diseases and universal carriers for anticancer drug delivery, therefore, fluorescence detection and labeling for HSA possess significant application value in the biomedical field. In this paper, hydrazide Schiff base fluorescent probe NDQC was designed and synthesized, which self-assembled into nanoparticles in aqueous solution system and demonstrated excellent selectivity and sensitivity towards HSA. Through displacement assay and molecular docking simulation, the binding of NDQC with HSA in FA1 site was demonstrated, thereby no obvious fluorescence signal presented for homologous protein BSA due to their structural differences in binding site.

Combining Morphological and Molecular Tools Can Enhance Tick Species Identification for Improved Tick-Borne Disease Surveillance Among Pastoral Communities in Kenya.

Ticks are ecto-parasites of domestic animals, rodents, and wildlife living for periods at a time on one or more vertebrate hosts. They are important vectors of viral, bacterial, or parasitic diseases in livestock and humans. Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus and the spotted fever rickettsiae are some of the tick-borne diseases of public health importance reported in Kenya.

Taraxasterol attenuates zearalenone-induced kidney damage in mice by modulating oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress.

Taraxasterol is one of the bioactive ingredients from traditional Chinese herb Taraxacum, which exhibits multiple pharmacological activities and protective effects. However, the underlying influence and mechanism of its use against kidney damage caused from zearalenone (ZEA) remain unexplored. The ZEA-induced kidney damage model of mice was established by feeding diets containing ZEA (2 mg/kg), and taraxasterol (5 and 10 mg/kg) was administered by gavage for 28 days.

Detection and prevalence of a novel Bandavirus related to Guertu virus in Amblyomma gemma ticks and human populations in Isiolo County, Kenya.

Introduction: Emerging tick-borne viruses of medical and veterinary importance are increasingly being reported globally. This resurgence emphasizes the need for sustained surveillance to provide insights into tick-borne viral diversity and associated potential public health risks. We report on a virus tentatively designated Kinna virus (KIV) in the family Phenuiviridae and genus Bandavirus.

Combination of nanoparticles with single-metal sites synergistically boosts co-catalyzed formic acid dehydrogenation.

The development of hydrogen technologies is at the heart of a green economy. As prerequisite for implementation of hydrogen storage, active and stable catalysts for (de)hydrogenation reactions are needed. So far, the use of precious metals associated with expensive costs dominates in this area.

Development of a practical formate/bicarbonate energy system.

Liquid (organic) hydrogen carriers ([18H]-dibenzyltoluene, MeOH, formic acid, etc.) form a toolbox for the storage and transport of green hydrogen, which is crucial for the implementation of renewable energy technologies. Simple organic salts have been scarcely investigated for this purpose, despite many advantages such as low cost and minor toxicity, as well as easy handling.

Deeply Reduced Chiral Mo-Polyoxometalates with Highly Enhanced Electronic Conductivity.

A series of deeply reduced Mo-polyoxometalates (POMs), [Mo(bpy)MoOS]·10HO () (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine), [Mo(bpy)(L-TrA)Mo(bpy)OS]·36.5HO (), and [Mo(bpy)(D-TrA)Mo(bpy)OS] () (TrA = tartaric acid), were obtained from one-pot hydrothermal syntheses. They feature the bioxo-bridged [MoOS] incomplete cuboidal cores stabilized by strong triangular metal-metal bonds and datively chelated bpy π-ligands.

Mitochondria-targeted sonodynamic modulation of neuroinflammation to protect against myocardial ischemia‒reperfusion injury.

Sympathetic hyperactivation and inflammatory responses are the main causes of myocardial ischemia‒reperfusion (I/R) injury and myocardial I/R-related ventricular arrhythmias (VAs). Previous studies have demonstrated that light-emitting diodes (LEDs) could modulate post-I/R neuroinflammation, thus providing protection against myocardial I/R injury. Nevertheless, further applications of LEDs are constrained due to the low penetration depth (<1 cm) and potential phototoxicity.

Advancements and challenges in developing in vivo CAR T cell therapies for cancer treatment.

The Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has emerged as a ground-breaking immunotherapeutic approach in cancer treatment. To overcome the complexity and high manufacturing cost associated with current ex vivo CAR T cell therapy products, alternative strategies to produce CAR T cells directly in the body have been developed in recent years. These strategies involve the direct infusion of CAR genes via engineered nanocarriers or viral vectors to generate CAR T cells in situ.

Monoclonal Antibodies for Rift Valley Fever Virus Nucleocapsid: Application in IgG/IgM ELISA for Sero-Diagnosis.

Introduction: Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) belonging to the Phenuiviridae family is responsible for a zoonotic disease called Rift Valley fever (RVF). Currently, RVFV has spread from Africa to Asia, and due to its ability to cause high mortality rates, it has significantly impacted human health and economic development in many societies. Highly specific and sensitive systems for sero-diagnosis of RVFV infection are needed for clinical use.

[Bi{RuPPh}]: Paramagnetic 13-Vertex Polybismuthide Heteroanion.

Ru(PPh)Cl reacts with Bi from an ethylenediamine (en) solution of KBi to yield a new architype of 13-vertex [Bi{RuPPh}] () composed of unprecedented incomplete cuboidal Bi and triangular Bi held together by {RuPPh}.

Ageing and Polypharmacy in Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: Metabolic Impact Assessed by Hyperspectral Imaging of Autofluorescence.

The impact of age on mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) characteristics has been well researched. However, increased age is concomitant with increased prevalence of polypharmacy. This adjustable factor may have further implications for the functionality of MSCs and the effectiveness of autologous MSC procedures.

Midkine promotes renal fibrosis by stabilizing C/EBPβ to facilitate endothelial-mesenchymal transition.

Numerous myofibroblasts are arisen from endothelial cells (ECs) through endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT) triggered by TGF-β. However, the mechanism of ECs transforms to a different subtype, or whether there exists an intermediate state of ECs remains unclear. In present study, we demonstrate Midkine (MDK) mainly expressed by CD31 + ACTA2+ECs going through partial EndMT contribute greatly to myofibroblasts by spatial and single-cell transcriptomics.

Low-temperature synthesis of porous organic polymers with donor-acceptor structure and β-ketoenamine for photocatalytic oxidative coupling of amines.

In light of the widespread use of fossil fuels and the resulting environmental pollution, it is crucial to develop efficient photocatalysts for renewable energy applications that utilize visible light. Organic photocatalysts based on β-ketoenamine offer several advantages, including facile preparation, high stability, structural controllability, and excellent photovoltaic properties. However, in previous studies, the synthesis of porous organic polymers (POPs) often involved long, high-temperature processes.

Integrated network toxicology, molecular docking, and in vivo experiments to elucidate molecular mechanism of aflatoxin B1 hepatotoxicity.

Due to the rise in temperature and sea level caused by climate change, the detection rate of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in food crops has increased dramatically, and the frequency and severity of aflatoxicosis in humans and animals are also increasing. AFB1 has strong hepatotoxicity, causing severe liver damage and even cancer. However, the mechanism of AFB1 hepatotoxicity remains unclear.

Improved effectiveness of X-PDT against human triple-negative breast cancer cells through the use of liposomes co-loaded with protoporphyrin IX and perfluorooctyl bromide.

In this study, we utilized X-ray-induced photodynamic therapy (X-PDT) against triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. To achieve this, we developed a liposome delivery system that co-loaded protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) and perfluorooctyl bromide (PFOB) in a rational manner. Low-dose X-ray at 2 Gy was employed to activate PPIX for the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the co-loading of PFOB provided additional oxygen to enhance ROS production.

Extensive variation and strain-specificity in dengue virus susceptibility among African Aedes aegypti populations.

African populations of the mosquito Aedes aegypti are usually considered less susceptible to infection by human-pathogenic flaviviruses than globally invasive populations found outside Africa. Although this contrast has been well documented for Zika virus (ZIKV), it is unclear to what extent it is true for dengue virus (DENV), the most prevalent flavivirus of humans. Addressing this question is complicated by substantial genetic diversity among DENV strains, most notably in the form of four genetic types (DENV1 to DENV4), that can lead to genetically specific interactions with mosquito populations.

Evaluating the Impact of Interventions and Improvements in Outpatient Intravenous Infusion Therapy at a Hospital in China: A Comprehensive Analysis of Prescription Patterns and Safety Measures.

Background: The excessive use of intravenous infusion in China was once a serious problem, but in recent years, attention has been paid to the phenomenon, and the government has implemented several policies to solve the problem, which has been gradually improved.

Aim: This study focuses on evaluating the impact of ongoing interventions and improvements in outpatient intravenous infusion therapy.

Methods: From January 2016 to December 2022, we conducted a study to gather annual data on intravenous infusion prescriptions.

Topological barrier to Cas12a activation by circular DNA nanostructures facilitates autocatalysis and transforms DNA/RNA sensing.

Control of CRISPR/Cas12a trans-cleavage is crucial for biosensor development. Here, we show that small circular DNA nanostructures which partially match guide RNA sequences only minimally activate Cas12a ribonucleoproteins. However, linearizing these structures restores activation.

Microbiological and metabolic pathways analysing the mechanisms of alfalfa polysaccharide and sulfated alfalfa polysaccharide in alleviating obesity.

Alfalfa polysaccharide (AP) and sulfated alfalfa polysaccharide (SAP) exhibit potential for alleviating obesity. This study aimed to analyze the mechanism of action of AP and SAP in alleviating obesity through combined microbiomics and metabolomics. The research selected validated optimal AP and SAP concentration for experiment.

NT5DC2 knockdown suppresses progression, glycolysis, and neuropathic pain in triple-negative breast cancer by blocking the EGFR pathway.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an exceptionally aggressive breast cancer subtype associated with neuropathic pain. This study explores the effects of 5'-nucleotidase domain-containing protein 2 (NT5DC2) on the progression of TNBC and neuropathic pain. Microarray analysis was conducted to identify differentially expressed genes in TNBC and the pathways involved.

Viral diversity and blood-feeding patterns of Afrotropical biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae).

Introduction: biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) are vectors of arboviral pathogens that primarily affect livestock represented by Schmallenberg virus (SBV), epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) and bluetongue virus (BTV). In Kenya, studies examining the bionomic features of including species diversity, blood-feeding habits, and association with viruses are limited.

Methods: Adult were surveyed using CDC light traps in two semi-arid ecologies, Baringo and Kajiado counties, in Kenya.