Cognitive Enhancement Strategies for Older Adults: An Evaluation of Different Training Modalities to Improve Executive Function-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

(1) : The aging population is expected to triple by 2050. Executive functions decline with age, impacting daily tasks, and this is associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Aerobic and resistance exercises positively affect cognitive function in older adults by influencing growth markers.

Home-based exercise improves subclinical atherosclerosis marker in multiple sclerosis.

Purpose: Using a 12-week, randomized controlled trial coupled with social cognitive theory behavioral coaching, we aimed to assess the effect of a home-based aerobic training intervention versus an attention-control on aerobic fitness, subclinical atherosclerosis, and mobility in persons with MS.

Methods: Persons with MS with an expanded disability status scale score between 0 and 4 were randomized to a 12-week aerobic exercise (EX) (n = 26; 19 females; 49 yrs; 28.8 kg/m) or attention-control (CON) condition (stretching; n = 22; 16 females; 44 yrs; 29.

Firefighter hemodynamic responses to different fire training environments.

Firefighting is associated with an increased risk for a cardiovascular (CV) event, likely due to increased CV strain. The increase in CV strain during firefighting can be attributed to the interaction of several factors such as the strenuous physical demand, sympathetic nervous system activation, increased thermal burden, and the environmental exposure to smoke pollutants. Characterizing the impact of varying thermal burden and pollutant exposure on hemodynamics may help understand the CV burden experienced during firefighting.

Central and Peripheral Postexercise Blood Pressure and Vascular Responses in Young Adults with Obesity.

Introduction: Adults with obesity are at an increased risk of incident hypertension. Regular aerobic exercise is recommended for the prevention and treatment of hypertension, but whether young adults with obesity exhibit impaired postexercise blood pressure (BP) and vascular responses remains unclear.

Purpose: We tested the hypothesis that young adults with obesity exhibit attenuated postexercise hypotension (PEH) and postexercise peripheral vasodilation compared with young adults without obesity.

Aging reduces cerebral blood flow regulation following an acute hypertensive stimulus.

Aging increases arterial stiffness, which has a negative impact on cerebral blood flow (CBF) regulation (decreases CBF and increases CBF pulsatility). The association between arterial stiffness and CBF pulsatility may, in part, explain the relationship between elevated blood pressure (BP) fluctuations and end-organ disease with aging. To understand the mechanisms by which large BP alterations influence cerebral blood flow regulation in both young and old, we examined the effects of age on central and cerebral blood flow regulation following an acute hypertensive stimulus [resistance-exercise (RE)].

Similar Effects of Acute Resistance Exercise on Carotid Stiffness in Males and Females.

Sex differences exist in vascular responses to blood pressure perturbations, such as resistance exercise. Increases in aortic stiffness following acute resistance exercise appear different between sexes, with attenuated increases in females vs. males.

Peripheral blood flow regulation in response to sympathetic stimulation in individuals with Down syndrome.

Background: Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) experience autonomic dysfunction, with reduced sympathetic and parasympathetic control. This results in alterations in resting heart rate and blood pressure and attenuated responses to sympathoexcitatory stimuli. It is unknown to what extent this impacts the regulation of peripheral blood flow in response to sympathetic stimuli, which is an important prerequisite to exercise and perform work.

Sex Differences in Aortic Hemodynamics Following Acute Exercise: Wave Separation Analysis.

The importance of sex differences in the control of blood pressure responses to exercise is controversial. It is unknown whether the potential sex differences are a result of magnitude differences in forward or reflected pressure waves. The purpose of this study was to investigate sex differences in BP following acute exercise using wave separation analysis.

Healthy aging and carotid performance: strain measures and β-stiffness index.

Arterial stiffness is related to the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and increases with aging. Functional impairment of the arterial wall can occur before structural changes and can be detectable before CVD symptoms. The elastic properties of the carotid arterial wall during the cardiac cycle can be evaluated by standard 2-dimensional (2D) ultrasound longitudinal or circumferential imaging of vascular deformation (strain) using speckle tracking.

Impact of obesity and Down syndrome on peak heart rate and aerobic capacity in youth and adults.

Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) exhibit reduced aerobic capacity with reduced peak heart rate (HR). This condition is often coexistent with higher level of obesity compared to individuals without DS. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of obesity and Down syndrome (DS) on peak heart rate (HR) and peak oxygen consumption (VO) in children and adults both with and without intellectual disabilities (ID)s.

Effects of combined aerobic and resistance exercise on central arterial stiffness and gait velocity in patients with chronic poststroke hemiparesis.

Objective: The effects of combined aerobic and resistance exercise training on central arterial stiffness and gait velocity in patients with chronic poststroke hemiparesis were investigated.

Design: Twenty-six patients with chronic poststroke hemiparesis were randomly assigned to either the combined aerobic and resistance exercise group (n = 14) or the control group (n = 12). The exercise intervention group received a combined aerobic and resistance exercise training (1 hr/day, three times/week for 16 wks), whereas the control group received usual care.

Aerobic exercise and postprandial lipemia in men with the metabolic syndrome.

Introduction: It is currently unclear as to how exercise prescription variables influence attenuations of postprandial lipemia (PPL) in men with the metabolic syndrome (MetS) after exercise. Therefore, the purposes of this investigation were to compare the effects of low- and moderate-intensity exercise and accumulated versus continuous exercise on PPL in males with MetS.

Methods: Fourteen males with MetS (waist circumference (WC) = 110.