Fluorinated CRA13 analogues: Synthesis, in vitro evaluation, radiosynthesis, in silico and in vivo PET study.

Fluorine is a unique atom that imparts distinct properties to bioactive molecules upon incorporation. Herein, we prepare and study fluorinated derivatives of the nanomolar affine peripherally restricted dual CBR/CBR agonist; CRA13 and its analogs. Binding affinity evaluation relative to CRA13 proved the stronger binding affinity of compound 7c to CBR and CBR by 6.

GROWTH-REGULATING FACTOR and GRF-INTERACTING FACTOR Specify Meristematic Cells of Gynoecia and Anthers.

We investigated the biological roles of the Arabidopsis () GROWTH-REGULATING FACTOR (GRF) and GRF-INTERACTING FACTOR (GIF) transcriptional complex in the development of gynoecia and anthers. There are nine and three in Arabidopsis, and seven are posttranscriptionally silenced by microRNA396 (miR396). We found that overexpression of in the double mutant background (:) resulted in neither ovary nor pollen.

Substrate Curvature Restricts Spreading and Induces Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells.

While cells attach, spread, migrate, proliferate, and differentiate in three-dimensional (3D) micromechanical environments, the mechanical factors of these environments influence the shapes, sizes, and adhesion forces of the cells. Here, the authors culture human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) on a unique class of curvature-defined substrates, micro glass ball embedded polyacrylamide gels, prepared with an improved protocol, and investigate the spreading responses of the hMSCs on the glass balls to study the effects of substrate curvature on the spreading of hMSCs. The authors find that, among the used diameters of glass balls, the minimum diameter of a glass ball on which an hMSC can attach and spread is 500 μm.

Different loss of dopamine transporter according to subtype of multiple system atrophy.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether striatal dopamine transporter (DAT) loss as measured by (18)F-fluorinated-N-3-fluoropropyl-2-b-carboxymethoxy-3-b-(4-iodophenyl) nortropane ([(18)F]FP-CIT) PET differs according to the metabolic subtype of multiple system atrophy (MSA) as assessed by [(18)F]FDG PET.

Methods: This retrospective study included 50 patients with clinically diagnosed MSA who underwent [(18)F]FP-CIT and [(18)F]FDG brain PET scans. The PET images were analysed using 12 striatal subregional volume-of-interest templates (bilateral ventral striatum, anterior caudate, posterior caudate, anterior putamen, posterior putamen, and ventral putamen).

Cross-sectional survey of awareness and behavioral pattern regarding acne and acne scar based on smartphone application.

Background: Although acne scar is a permanent sequela that may be induced by improper management of active acne lesion, patient behavior patterns and awareness regarding acne are unclear. The aim of this study was to identify awareness and behavioral patterns concerning acne and acne scar of people having acne and differences between those with and without acne scars.

Methods: The survey was performed via smartphone application for 900 participants in their second to fourth decade having current or previous acne lesions.

Micro glass ball embedded gels to study cell mechanobiological responses to substrate curvatures.

The effects of substrate stiffness on cell behaviors have been extensively studied; however, the effects of substrate curvature are not well documented. The curvature of the surface to which cells adhere can have profound effects on cell behaviors. To reveal these cell mechanobiological responses to substrate curvatures, here we introduce a novel, unique, simple, and flexible class of substrates, polyacrylamide gels embedded with micro glass balls ranging in diameter from 5 μm to 2 mm, to culture cells.

Electrical stress effect on the leakage current of metal-induced laterally crystallized p-channel poly-Si TFTs.

A p-type polycrystalline silicon thin-film transistor (TFT) was fabricated using the metal-induced lateral crystallization (MILC) technique at 550 degrees C. To reduce the leakage current in the MILC TFT, electrical stress (ES), newly developed in this work, was applied prior to the I(D)-V(G) measurements. It was found that ES is effective only when the TFT is under off-state.

Effect of lightly doped drain structure on P-channel metal induced lateral crystallization thin film transistors.

A Lightly Doped Drain (LDD) structure is known to be very effective in preventing hot electrons in modern NMOS transistors. In this work, the lightly doped region was formed in poly TFT by using a separate LDD mask aligned to a gate mask. The misalignment can be calculated to be about 1.

Conformational barrier for fullerene-porphyrin-fullerene triad.

A recent study (J. Phys. Chem.

Molecular recognition of a fluoride anion receptor: the importance of C-H (N-H)F(-) and "electropositive field space"F(-) interactions.

Host molecules effectively prefer to recognize F- ion rather than H2O through the upper rim, utilizing strong C-H (N-H)F- interactions. The electropositive field space ("electropositive field space") at the lower rim of the host molecules can also act as a good binding site for small anions such as F-. The electron withdrawing substituent at the para-position (X) makes the C(N)-HaF- and C(N)-HaO interactions much enhanced.

Vaporization-condensation-recrystallization process-mediated synthesis of helical m-aminobenzoic acid nanobelts.

One-dimensional (1D) helical organic nanostructures were synthesized by a modified vapor-solid (VS) process, called the vaporization-condensation-recrystallization (VCR) process. The conventional solution-phase synthetic methods generally mediate self-assemblies of repeating unit molecules. To provide enough intermolecular interaction forces among the unit molecules, such strategy requires specific designs and syntheses of complex unit molecules as they possess numerous functional groups including phenyl rings, hydroxyl groups, long aliphatic chains, etc.

The Orientia tsutsugamushi genome reveals massive proliferation of conjugative type IV secretion system and host-cell interaction genes.

Scrub typhus is caused by the obligate intracellular rickettsia Orientia tsutsugamushi (previously called Rickettsia tsutsugamushi). The bacterium is maternally inherited in trombicuid mites and transmitted to humans by feeding larvae. We report here the 2,127,051-bp genome of the Boryong strain, which represents the most highly repeated bacterial genome sequenced to date.

Burn scars treated by pinhole method using a carbon dioxide laser.

Many patients with burn injuries have various complications and emotional problems due to scars. Although various modalities to improve burn scars have been attempted, such as excision of scars, skin grafts, laser abrasion and silicone product usage, the cosmetic outcomes have not been satisfactory for a large portion of patients. Herein, we describe two cases which showed satisfactory cosmetic results after treatment of burns scars with the pinhole method using a carbon dioxide (CO(2)) laser that allowed us to make deep, closely set holes reaching down to the upper dermis.

Conformations and electronic structures of axially coordinated fullerene-porphyrin-fullerene triad (C60CHCOO)2-Sn(IV) porphyrin.

The conformational (cis and trans) stability and electronic structures of (C(60)CHCOO)(2)-Sn(IV) porphyrin, recently synthesized as a novel fullerene-porphyrin-fullerene triad linked by metal axial coordination, have been studied by ab initio calculations. The cis conformer was found to be slightly more stable than the trans by 1.38 kcal/mol in the neutral compound.