Combined Pericapsular Nerve Group Block and Intrapelvic Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve Block Is Associated With Decreased Opioid Consumption After Hip Arthroscopy: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Introduction: Ambulatory hip arthroscopies are associated with moderate-to-severe pain often requiring opioid analgesia. Novel motor-sparing blocks, the pericapsular nerve group (PENG) and lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (LFCN) block, have shown efficacy in hip surgery.

Purpose: We sought to investigate the analgesic benefits of these novel blocks in terms of opioid-sparing and discharge efficiency.

Convergence Gas Sensors with One-Dimensional Nanotubes and Pt Nanoparticles Based on Ultraviolet Photonic Energy for Room-Temperature NO Gas Sensing.

Zinc oxide (ZnO) is a promising material for nitrogen dioxide (NO) gas sensors because of its nontoxicity, low cost, and small size. We fabricated one-dimensional (1D) and zero-dimensional (0D) convergence gas sensors activated via ultraviolet (UV) photonic energy to sense NO gas at room temperature. One-dimensional ZnO nanorod (ZNR)-based and ZnO nanotube (ZNT)-based gas sensors were synthesized using a simple hydrothermal method.

Peripheral nerve block anesthesia/analgesia for patients undergoing primary hip and knee arthroplasty: recommendations from the International Consensus on Anesthesia-Related Outcomes after Surgery (ICAROS) group based on a systematic review and meta-analysis of current literature.

Background: Evidence-based international expert consensus regarding the impact of peripheral nerve block (PNB) use in total hip/knee arthroplasty surgery.

Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis: randomized controlled and observational studies investigating the impact of PNB utilization on major complications, including mortality, cardiac, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, renal, thromboembolic, neurologic, infectious, and bleeding complications.Medline, PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library including Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, NHS Economic Evaluation Database, were queried from 1946 to August 4, 2020.

Fascial plane blocks: a narrative review of the literature.

Fascial plane blocks (FPBs) are increasingly numerous and are often touted as effective solutions to many perioperative challenges facing anesthesiologists. As 'new' FPBs are being described, questions regarding their effectiveness remain unanswered as appropriate studies are lacking and publications are often limited to case discussions or technical reports. It is often unclear if newly named FPBs truly represent a novel intervention with new indications, or if these new publications describe mere ultrasound facilitated modifications of existing techniques.

Improved Performance of GaN-Based Light-Emitting Diodes Grown on Si (111) Substrates with NH Growth Interruption.

We demonstrate the highly efficient, GaN-based, multiple-quantum-well light-emitting diodes (LEDs) grown on Si (111) substrates embedded with the AlN buffer layer using NH growth interruption. Analysis of the materials by the X-ray diffraction omega scan and transmission electron microscopy revealed a remarkable improvement in the crystalline quality of the GaN layer with the AlN buffer layer using NH growth interruption. This improvement originated from the decreased dislocation densities and coalescence-related defects of the GaN layer that arose from the increased Al migration time.

Lack of July effect in the utilization of neuraxial and peripheral nerve block in US teaching hospitals: a retrospective analysis.

Background: Given the steep learning curve for neuraxial and peripheral nerve blocks, utilization of general anesthesia may increase as new house staff begin their residency programs. We sought to determine whether "July effect" affects the utilization of neuraxial anesthesia, peripheral nerve blocks, and opioid prescribing for lower extremity total joint arthroplasties (TJA) in July compared with June in teaching and non-teaching hospitals.

Methods: Neuraxial anesthesia, peripheral nerve block use, and opioid prescribing trends were assessed using the Premier database (2006-2016).

Intraoperative Cardiac Arrest During Adult Liver Transplantation: Incidence and Risk Factor Analysis From 7 Academic Centers in the United States.

Background: Intraoperative cardiac arrest (ICA) has a reported frequency of 1 in 10,000 anesthetics but has a much higher estimated incidence in orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). Single-center studies of ICA in OLT are limited by small sample size that prohibits multivariable regression analysis of risks.

Methods: Utilizing data from 7 academic medical centers, we performed a retrospective, observational study of 5296 adult liver transplant recipients (18-80 years old) between 2000 and 2017 to identify the rate of ICA, associated risk factors, and outcomes.

Improved efficiency of InGaN/GaN light-emitting diodes with perpendicular magnetic field gradients.

The effect of magnetic fields on the optical output power of flip-chip light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells (MQWs) was investigated. Films and circular disks comprising ferromagnetic cobalt/platinum (Co/Pt) multilayers were deposited on a p-ohmic reflector to apply magnetic fields in the direction perpendicular to the MQWs of the LEDs. At an injection current of 20 mA, the ferromagnetic Co/Pt multilayer film increased the optical output power of the LED by 20% compared to an LED without a ferromagnetic Co/Pt multilayer.

Magnetically enhanced luminescence of CdSe/ZnS quantum dot light-emitting diodes using circular ferromagnetic Co/Pt multilayer disks.

We investigate the effect of a magnetic field on red, green, and blue CdSe/ZnS quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QDLEDs). Circular multilayer ferromagnetic cobalt/platinum (Co/Pt) disks are deposited on a MgF layer covering an Al electrode, and a perpendicular magnetic field is applied to the QDs in the active layer. Carriers injected into the active layer are then trapped and efficiently recombined inside the QDs because of strong carrier localization caused by the perpendicular magnetic field.

Enhanced performance of InGaN/GaN MQW LED with strain-relaxing Ga-doped ZnO transparent conducting layer.

We report the enhanced optical and electrical properties of InGaN/GaN multiple quantum well (MQW) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with strain-relaxing Ga-doped ZnO transparent conducting layers (TCLs). Ga-doped ZnO was epitaxially grown on p-GaN by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. The optical output power of a LED with a 500-nm- thick-Ga-doped ZnO TCL increased by 30.

Self-assembled indium tin oxide nanoball-embedded omnidirectional reflectors for high photon extraction efficiency in III-nitride ultraviolet emitters.

The control of the refractive index and electrical conductivity in the dielectric layer of omnidirectional reflectors (ODRs) is essential to improve the low efficiency of AlGaN-based UV emitters. Here, we report self-assembled indium tin oxide (ITO) nanoball-embedded omnidirectional reflectors (NODRs) for use in high-efficiency AlGaN-based UV emitters at 365 nm. These NODRs consisted of a reflective Al layer, a self-assembled conducting ITO nanoball layer for current injection and spreading, and nanovoids that provided a low refractive index to achieve highly efficient UV emitters.

Accumulation and temporal changes of PCDD/Fs and dioxin-like PCBs in finless porpoises (Neophocaena asiaeorientalis) from Korean coastal waters: Tracking the effectiveness of regulation.

Temporal trend studies are useful to evaluate the effectiveness of regulations on local pollutants. The emission of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) has been regulated by the Korean government in accordance with the Stockholm Convention. The accumulation and temporal trends of PCDD/Fs and dioxin-like PCBs were investigated in finless porpoises (Neophocaena asiaeorientalis) collected in Korean waters.

Enhanced optical output power of InGaN/GaN light-emitting diodes grown on a silicon (111) substrate with a nanoporous GaN layer.

We report the growth of InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs) on a silicon (111) substrate with an embedded nanoporous (NP) GaN layer. The NP GaN layer is fabricated by electrochemical etching of n-type GaN on the silicon substrate. The crystalline quality of crack-free GaN grown on the NP GaN layer is remarkably improved and the residual tensile stress is also decreased.

Effects of Double Active Layer and Acetic Acid Stabilizer on the Electrical Properties of a Solution-Processed Zinc Tin Oxide Thin-Film Transistor.

We investigated the effects of a double active layer (DAL) and acetic acid stabilizer on zinc tin oxide (ZTO) thin-film transistors (TFTs) fabricated using a solution process. The DAL was composed of two layers created by a ZTO solution doped with the same or different percentiles of an atomic Sn concentration (30 at.%, 60 at.

Improvement in the Electrical Performance of Ge-Doped InZnO Thin-Film Transistor.

We fabricated amorphous oxide semiconductor thin-film transistors (TFTs) using Ge-doped InZnO (Ge-IZO) thin films as active-channel layers. The Ge-IZO thin films were deposited at room temperature by radio-frequency (RF) magnetron co-sputtering system, and then annealed in air for 1 h at 300 °C. Some processing parameters such as sputtering oxygen partial pressure [O2/(Ar + O2)] and sputtering power for GeO2 target were changed to investigate what was the optimal amount of Ge in the Ge-IZO active layer.

Species-specific accumulation of methyl and total mercury in sharks from offshore and coastal waters of Korea.

Limited information is available on mercury (Hg) levels in various shark species consumed in Korea. The methyl-Hg (Me-Hg) and total Hg concentrations in all shark species ranged from 0.08 to 4.

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in thirteen shark species from offshore and coastal waters of Korea.

Limited reports are available on polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in sharks. In this study, PBDEs were measured in dorsal muscles (n=105) from 13 shark species collected from offshore and coastal waters of Korea. The PBDE concentrations varied greatly not only among species but also within species of sharks.

Persistent organochlorines in 13 shark species from offshore and coastal waters of Korea: Species-specific accumulation and contributing factors.

Data on persistent organochlorines (OCs) in sharks are scarce. Concentrations of OCs such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were determined in the muscle tissue of 13 shark species (n=105) collected from offshore (Indian and Pacific Oceans) and coastal waters of Korea, to investigate species-specific accumulation of OCs and to assess the potential health risks associated with consumption of shark meat. Overall OC concentrations were highly variable not only among species but also within the same species of shark.

Enhanced performance of InGaN/GaN multiple-quantum-well light-emitting diodes grown on nanoporous GaN layers.

We demonstrate the high efficiency of InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells (MQWs) light-emitting diode (LED) grown on the electrochemically etched nanoporous (NP) GaN. The photoluminescence (PL) and Raman spectra show that the LEDs with NP GaN have a strong carrier localization effect resulting from the relaxed strain and reduced defect density in MQWs. Also, the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulation shows that the light extraction efficiency (LEE) is increased by light scattering effect by nanopores.

Exposure assessment for methyl and total mercury from seafood consumption in Korea, 2005 to 2008.

Reports on the occurrence and intake assessment of mercury for Korean seafood are currently not available. This is the first report to estimate the intake of methyl (Me-Hg) and total mercury (T-Hg) from seafood consumption in Korea. The concentrations of Me-Hg and T-Hg in seafood ranged from 1.

Monitoring of air pollution by polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans of pine needles in Korea.

The atmospheric contamination levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) were evaluated from the analysis of pine needles in South Korea. Pine needles were collected from 30 sampling points at five main cities in South Korea (Busan, Daegu, Gwangju, Changwon and Jeju island). The highest concentrations of PCDDs/DFs (2.