Niclosamide and Pyrvinium Are Both Potential Therapeutics for Osteosarcoma, Inhibiting Wnt-Axin2-Snail Cascade.

Osteosarcoma, the most common primary bone malignancy, is typically related to growth spurts during adolescence. Prognosis is very poor for patients with metastatic or recurrent osteosarcoma, with survival rates of only 20-30%. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a cellular mechanism that contributes to the invasion and metastasis of cancer cells, and Wnt signaling activates the EMT program by stabilizing Snail and β-catenin in tandem.

Reliability and validity of the Duncan-Ely test for assessing rectus femoris spasticity in patients with cerebral palsy.

Aim: The aim of this study was to clarify the method of the Duncan-Ely test and to estimate its interobserver reliability and validity by comparing it with three-dimensional gait analysis (3DGA).

Method: This study included 36 consecutive ambulatory patients with cerebral palsy (CP) who underwent preoperative 3DGA. The Duncan-Ely test was performed during three different velocities (slow, gravity, and fast).

Anterior knee pain in patients with cerebral palsy.

Background: The aim of this study was to identify the risk factors for anterior knee pain in patients with cerebral palsy.

Methods: This prospective study investigated the risk factors for anterior knee pain in 127 ambulatory patients with spastic cerebral palsy in terms of walking pain, resting pain, and provocative pain. Demographic data analysis and physical examination for measuring the knee flexion contracture and unilateral and bilateral popliteal angles were performed.

Associations between MRI findings and symptoms in patients with chronic ankle sprain.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides an accurate method of observing and diagnosing injuries of the ligament complex of the ankle. However, the association between ankle symptoms and MRI findings has been unclear. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between ankle pain and MRI findings.

Buddy taping: is it a safe method for treatment of finger and toe injuries?

Background: Buddy taping is a well known and useful method for treating sprains, dislocations, and other injuries of the fingers or toes. However, the authors have often seen complications associated with buddy taping such as necrosis of the skin, infections, loss of fixation, and limited joint motion. To our knowledge, there are no studies regarding the complications of buddy taping.

Preliminary findings of morphometric analysis of ankle joint in Korean population.

The clinical success of ankle joint arthroplasty depends on the availability of information on the morphology of the relevant bones. Thus, the implant design and surgical technique should be adjusted to the ankle morphology. However, few reports have described the characteristics of ankle morphometry in Korean populations.

Incidence patterns of pediatric and adolescent orthopaedic fractures according to age groups and seasons in South Korea: a population-based study.

Background: Fractures which need urgent or emergency treatment are common in children and adolescents. This study investigated the incidence patterns of pediatric and adolescent orthopaedic fractures according to age groups and seasons in South Korea based on population data.

Methods: Data on the number of pediatric and adolescent patients under the age of 18 years who utilized medical services due to fractures were retrieved from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment service in South Korea.

Age-related changes in physical examination and gait parameters in normally developing children and adolescents.

This study aimed to examine the correlations between physical examinations and gait kinematics, and age-related changes in 47 normally developing children. Physical examinations were not found to be significantly correlated with kinematics, except for Thomas and Staheli tests. Unilateral and bilateral popliteal angles decreased significantly by 2.

Rasch analysis of the pediatric outcomes data collection instrument in 720 patients with cerebral palsy.

Background: The pediatric outcomes data collection instrument (PODCI) was originally developed to carry out a functional assessment of children and adolescents (including patients with cerebral palsy), focusing on musculoskeletal health. Validated questionnaires are important for assessing the functional outcome of cerebral palsy, and are meant to have unidimensionality, proper item gap, no ceiling and floor effects, and no item redundancy. The advances in health measurements have led to the application of Rasch analysis to assess questionnaires.

Supramalleolar Osteotomy in Patients with Varus Ankle Osteoarthritis.

Introduction: Supramalleolar osteotomies have been reported to be effective in the treatment of moderate primary and traumatic osteoarthritis of the ankle joint.

Step 1 Arthroscopic Examination: Perform an arthroscopic examination prior to the osteotomy in every patient to evaluate the status of the articular cartilage of the tibia and talus.

Step 2 Fibular Osteotomy: Bend a seven-hole plate slightly more than the natural contour of the distal part of the fibula, insert screws, and complete the osteotomy.

Prevalence of obesity in ambulatory patients with cerebral palsy in the Korean population: a single institution's experience.

Background: There is a worldwide tendency of an increasing prevalence of obesity. Therefore, this study aimed at determining whether such a trend exists among cerebral palsy (CP) patients. We also tried to compare this trend with the trend in the general population.

Indications for supramalleolar osteotomy in patients with ankle osteoarthritis and varus deformity.

Background: Osteotomies are reported to be effective for the treatment of most cases of primary and traumatic moderate osteoarthritis of the ankle joint. Because of unsatisfactory results following supramalleolar tibial osteotomy in several of our patients, we investigated the cause of the unsatisfactory results and the indications for this surgical procedure.

Methods: Supramalleolar tibial osteotomy combined with fibular osteotomy was performed in sixteen ankles (sixteen patients) to treat moderate medial ankle osteoarthritis.

Validity of gait parameters for hip flexor contracture in patients with cerebral palsy.

Background: Psoas contracture is known to cause abnormal hip motion in patients with cerebral palsy. The authors investigated the clinical relevance of hip kinematic and kinetic parameters, and 3D modeled psoas length in terms of discriminant validity, convergent validity, and responsiveness.

Methods: Twenty-four patients with cerebral palsy (mean age 6.

Reliability and validity of radiographic measurements in hindfoot varus and valgus.

Background: Clinical decision-making in the treatment of foot deformities is based primarily on the results of the physical examination and the radiographic findings. The purpose of this study was to determine the validity and reliability of commonly used radiographic measurements of hindfoot valgus and varus deformities.

Methods: Seventy-two patients with hindfoot deformity (thirty-six hindfoot valgus, mean age 15.

Clinical relevance of valgus deformity of proximal femur in cerebral palsy.

Background: Proximal femoral deformity related to physis has not been studied in patients with cerebral palsy (CP). This study was performed to investigate the clinical relevance of neck shaft angle (NSA), head shaft angle (HSA), and proximal femoral epiphyseal shape in patients with CP, which represent the deformities of metaphysis, physis, and epiphysis, respectively.

Methods: Three hundred eighty-four patients with CP (mean age 9.

Statistical consideration for bilateral cases in orthopaedic research.

Background: Statistical independence means that one observation is not affected by another; however, the principle of statistical independence is violated if left and right-side measures within a subject are considered to be independent, because they are usually correlated and can affect each other. The purpose of the present study was to analyze the violation of statistical independence in recent orthopaedic research papers and to demonstrate the effect of statistical analysis that considered the data dependency within a subject.

Methods: First, all original articles that had been published in The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (American Volume) over a two-year period were evaluated.

Issues of concern before single event multilevel surgery in patients with cerebral palsy.

Background: This study was performed to identify the issues of concern of parents of patients with cerebral palsy before single event multilevel surgery (SEMS).

Methods: The parental concerns of 64 patients [34 males, 30 females, mean age 15 y and 5 mo (SD 8 y and 10 mo)] with cerebral palsy were obtained using a questionnaire preoperatively. The issues of parental concern were evaluated using 59 items specifically designed for this study.

Level of improvement determined by PODCI is related to parental satisfaction after single-event multilevel surgery in children with cerebral palsy.

Background: This study was performed to determine changes in Pediatric Outcomes Data Collection Instrument (PODCI) scores after single-event multilevel surgery (SEMS), and to evaluate the relationship between the improvements of PODCI scores and parental satisfaction after SEMS.

Methods: Demographic data, preoperative and postoperative PODCI, functional assessment questionnaire (FAQ) walking scales, and self-reported parental satisfaction with SEMS were obtained from 61 parents of ambulatory patients with cerebral palsy [40 male, 21 female, mean age 10 y 2 mo (SD 3 y 8 mo), mean follow-up 2 y 2 mo]. Postoperative improvements in each subscale of PODCI and FAQ were analyzed, and multiple regression analysis was performed to identify the factors that contributed significantly to postoperative parental satisfaction.

Validity and reliability of measuring femoral anteversion and neck-shaft angle in patients with cerebral palsy.

Background: Increased femoral anteversion and coxa valga are common in patients with cerebral palsy. The purpose of the present study was to determine the validity and reliability of the methods that are commonly used to measure the proximal femoral geometry in patients with cerebral palsy.

Methods: Thirty-six consecutive patients (mean age, eleven years; range, five to twenty years) with cerebral palsy were enrolled in the present study.

Kinematic aspects of trunk motion and gender effect in normal adults.

Background: The purpose of this study was to analyze kinematic trunk motion data in normal adults and to investigate gender effect.

Methods: Kinematic trunk motion data were obtained for 20 healthy subjects (11 men and 9 women; age from 21 to 40 years) during walking a 9 m long lane at a self selected speed, namely, motions in the sagittal (tilt), coronal (obliquity), and transverse (rotation) planes, which were all expressed as motions in global (relative to the ground) and those in pelvic reference frame (relative to pelvis), i.e.

Issues of concern after a single-event multilevel surgery in ambulatory children with cerebral palsy.

Background: This study was performed to identify issues of concern to parents after single-event multilevel surgery in ambulatory patients with cerebral palsy.

Methods: Parents' reports of concern were obtained for 72 ambulatory patients with hemiplegic cerebral palsy (group H; mean age 8.7 y) and 170 ambulatory patients with diplegia (group D; mean age 8.

Effects of distal hamstring lengthening on sagittal motion in patients with diplegia: hamstring length and its clinical use.

This study was undertaken to determine the effect of distal hamstring lengthening (DHL) on hip and knee sagittal kinematics, and to investigate the validity of modeled hamstring length for clinical use. Patient group consisted of 28 patients (56 limbs, mean age 7.4 years) with spastic diplegia who underwent bilateral DHL and tendo-Achilles lengthening with/without rectus femoris transfer (RFT) (DHL+RFT subgroup, 40 limbs; DHL subgroup, 16 limbs).

Which is the best method to determine the patellar height in children and adolescents?

Unlabelled: Patellar height is associated with various clinical syndromes. We asked which of three methods was the most appropriate for measuring patellar height for different age groups in terms of applicability, validity, and reliability. We evaluated 108 children and adolescents with available MR images and lateral knee radiographs using Insall-Salvati (IS), Blackburne-Peel, and Koshino-Sugimoto (KS) methods.

Parental satisfaction after single-event multilevel surgery in ambulatory children with cerebral palsy.

Background: The purpose of this study was to analyze parent satisfaction and factors affecting that satisfaction with single-event multilevel surgery outcomes in ambulatory children with cerebral palsy.

Methods: Two hundred seventy-nine ambulatory patients with cerebral palsy were enrolled in this study. Parental satisfaction after surgery was evaluated using a visual analog scale (0-10), and the explanatory variables were collected by chart review.