Long-term prediction of algal chlorophyll based on empirical models and the machine learning approach in relation to trophic variation in Juam Reservoir, Korea.

This study analyzed spatiotemporal variation and long-term trends in water quality indicators and trophic state conditions in an Asian temperate reservoir, Juam Reservoir (JR), and developed models that forecast algal chlorophyll (CHL-a) over a period of 30 years, 1993-2022. The analysis revealed that there were longitudinal gradients in water quality indicators along the reservoir, with notable influences from tributaries and seasonal variations in nutrient regimes and suspended solids. The empirical model showed phosphorus was found to be the key determinant of algal biomass, while suspended solids played a significant role in regulating water transparency.

Propensity-Score-Matched Evaluation of Adverse Events Affecting Recovery after COVID-19 Vaccination: On Adenovirus and mRNA Vaccines.

This study aimed to observe adverse events following immunisation (AEFIs) that affected recovery within two weeks after COVID-19 vaccination and investigate their risks in propensity-score-matched populations. Data were collected from 447,346 reports from the VAERS between 1 January 2021 and 31 July 2021. Propensity-score-matched populations were constructed by adjusting for demographic characteristics and 11 underlying diseases in eligible subjects who received 1 of 3 COVID-19 vaccines: 19,462 Ad26.

Hemispheric asymmetry in hand preference of right-handers for passive vibrotactile perception: an fNIRS study.

Hemispheric asymmetry in hand preference for passive cutaneous perception compared to active haptic perception is not well known. A functional near-infrared spectroscopy was used to evaluate the laterality of cortical facilitation when 31 normal right-handed participants were involved in 205 Hz passive vibrotactile cutaneous stimuli on their index fingers of preferred and less-preferred hand. Passive cutaneous perception resulted that preferred (right) hand stimulation was strongly leftward lateralized, whereas less-preferred (left) hand stimulation was less lateralized.

The difference in cortical activation pattern for complex motor skills: A functional near- infrared spectroscopy study.

The human brain is lateralized to dominant or non-dominant hemispheres, and controlled through large-scale neural networks between correlated cortical regions. Recently, many neuroimaging studies have been conducted to examine the origin of brain lateralization, but this is still unclear. In this study, we examined the differences in brain activation in subjects according to dominant and non-dominant hands while using chopsticks.

Distinction of directional coupling in sensorimotor networks between active and passive finger movements using fNIRS.

The purpose of this study is to investigate cerebral cortex activation during active movement and passive movement by using a functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Tasks were the flexion/extension of the right hand finger by active movement and passive movement. Oxy-hemoglobin concentration changes calculated from fNIRS and analyzed the activation and connectivity so as to understand dynamical brain relationship.

Motion Artifact Correction of Multi-Measured Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Signals Based on Signal Reconstruction Using an Artificial Neural Network.

In this paper, a new motion artifact correction method is proposed based on multi-channel functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) signals. Recently, wavelet transform and hemodynamic response function-based algorithms were proposed as methods of denoising and detrending fNIRS signals. However, these techniques cannot achieve impressive performance in the experimental environment with lots of movement such as gait and rehabilitation tasks because hemodynamic responses have features similar to those of motion artifacts.

Genome-wide association study reveals candidate genes related to low temperature tolerance in rice () during germination.

In this study, relative germination percentage (RGP) and delayed mean germination time (DMGT) were measured in various rice accessions at the germination stage and carried out association analysis to identify candidate genes related to low temperature germination (LTG) using a natural population comprising 137 rice cultivars and inbred lines selected from the Korean rice core set. Genome-wide association study using ~ 1.44 million high-quality SNPs, which were identified by re-sequencing all rice collections, revealed 48 candidate genes on chromosome 10 and 55 candidate genes on chromosome 11 in the high peak SNP sites of associated loci for RGP and DMGT, respectively.

Cortical activation pattern for grasping during observation, imagery, execution, FES, and observation-FES integrated BCI: an fNIRS pilot study.

Passive movement, action observation and motor imagery as well as motor execution have been suggested to facilitate the motor function of human brain. The purpose of this study is to investigate the cortical activation patterns of these four modes using a functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) system. Seven healthy volunteers underwent optical brain imaging by fNIRS.

Minimizing inter-subject variability in fNIRS-based brain-computer interfaces via multiple-kernel support vector learning.

Brain signal variation across different subjects and sessions significantly impairs the accuracy of most brain-computer interface (BCI) systems. Herein, we present a classification algorithm that minimizes such variation, using linear programming support-vector machines (LP-SVM) and their extension to multiple kernel learning methods. The minimization is based on the decision boundaries formed in classifiers' feature spaces and their relation to BCI variation.