Evolutionary Conservation in Protein-Protein Interactions and Structures of the Elongator Sub-Complex ELP456 from and Yeast.

The Elongator complex plays a pivotal role in the wobble uridine modification of the tRNA anticodon. Comprising two sets of six distinct subunits, namely, Elongator proteins (ELP1-ELP6) and associated proteins, the holo-Elongator complex demonstrates remarkable functional and structural conservation across eukaryotes. However, the precise details of the evolutionary conservation of the holo-Elongator complex and its individual sub-complexes (i.

Association of sleep quality and mitochondrial DNA copy number in healthy middle-aged adults.

Objectives: Mitochondria contribute to various compromised health, yet the association between sleep and mitochondria remains unclear. This study investigated the association between sleep quality and mitochondrial function in healthy middle-aged adults in the Republic of Korea.

Method: This cross-sectional study recruited 238 middle-aged adults using convenience sampling.

Beyond NPK: Mineral Nutrient-Mediated Modulation in Orchestrating Flowering Time.

Flowering time in plants is a complex process regulated by environmental conditions such as photoperiod and temperature, as well as nutrient conditions. While the impact of major nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium on flowering time has been well recognized, the significance of micronutrient imbalances and their deficiencies should not be neglected because they affect the floral transition from the vegetative stage to the reproductive stage. The secondary major nutrients such as calcium, magnesium, and sulfur participate in various aspects of flowering.

AtELP4 a subunit of the Elongator complex in , mediates cell proliferation and dorsoventral polarity during leaf morphogenesis.

The Elongator complex in eukaryotes has conserved tRNA modification functions and contributes to various physiological processes such as transcriptional control, DNA replication and repair, and chromatin accessibility. ELONGATOR PROTEIN 4 (AtELP4) is one of the six subunits (AtELP1-AtELP6) in Elongator. In addition, there is an Elongator-associated protein, DEFORMED ROOTS AND LEAVES 1 (DRL1), whose homolog in yeast (Kti12) binds tRNAs.

Increased Production of α-Linolenic Acid in Soybean Seeds by Overexpression of Lesquerella .

Soybean is a major crop that is used as a source of vegetable oil for human use. To develop transgenic soybean with high α-linolenic acid (ALA; 18:3) content, the gene isolated from lesquerella () was used to construct vectors with two different seed-specific promoters, soybean β-conglycinin (Pβ-con) and kidney bean phaseolin (Pphas), and one constitutive cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter (P35S). The corresponding vectors were used for -mediated transformation of imbibed mature half seeds.

ORESARA15 Acts Synergistically with ANGUSTIFOLIA3 and Separately from AINTEGUMENTA to Promote Cell Proliferation during Leaf Growth.

Developing leaves undergo sequential coordinated cell proliferation and cell expansion to determine their final size and shape. Although several important regulators of cell proliferation have been reported, the gene network regulating leaf developmental processes remains unclear. Previously, we showed that ORESARA15 (ORE15) positively regulates the rate and duration of cell proliferation by promoting the expression of direct targets, () transcription factors, during leaf growth.

Effects of biofeedback-based sleep improvement program on urinary symptoms and sleep patterns of elderly Korean women with overactive bladder syndrome.

Background: The prevalence of overactive bladder syndrome (OAB) increases with age. Sleep disturbances in elderly individuals with OAB is a common problem. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a biofeedback-based sleep improvement (BBSI) program on urinary symptoms and sleep patterns in elderly Korean women with OAB.

ORESARA15, a PLATZ transcription factor, mediates leaf growth and senescence in Arabidopsis.

Plant leaves undergo a series of developmental changes from leaf primordium initiation through growth and maturation to senescence throughout their life span. Although the mechanisms underlying leaf senescence have been intensively elucidated, our knowledge of the interrelationship between early leaf development and senescence is still fragmentary. We isolated the oresara15-1Dominant (ore15-1D) mutant, which had an extended leaf longevity and an enlarged leaf size, from activation-tagged lines of Arabidopsis.

Poststroke emotional disturbances and a tryptophan hydroxylase 2 gene polymorphism.

Objectives: Emotional dysfunction is a common finding in stroke patients. Despite reports on serotonergic involvement in the etiology of poststroke emotional dysfunction (PSED), the role of serotonin synthesizing tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2) genes in the development of PSED remains unclear.

Methods: Genotyping of rs4641528 and rs10879355 was performed from genomic DNA of 383 stroke patients collected previously and stored at -70°C.

The predictive role of health-promoting behaviours and perceived stress in aneurysmal rupture.

Aims And Objectives: To examine the roles of two modifiable factors-health-promoting behaviours and perceived stress-in predicting aneurysmal rupture.

Background: Unruptured intracranial aneurysm detection produces significant stress and anxiety in patients because of the risk of rupture. Compared to nonmodifiable risk factors for rupture such as age, gender and aneurysm size/location, less attention has been given to modifiable risk factors.

Use of a Yeast tRNase Killer Toxin to Diagnose Kti12 Motifs Required for tRNA Modification by Elongator.

cells are killed by zymocin, a tRNase ribotoxin complex from , which cleaves anticodons and inhibits protein synthesis. Zymocin's action requires specific chemical modification of uridine bases in the anticodon wobble position (U34) by the Elongator complex (Elp1-Elp6). Hence, loss of anticodon modification in mutants lacking Elongator or related ( Toxin Insensitive) genes protects against tRNA cleavage and confers resistance to the toxin.

Post-Stroke Fatigue May Be Associated with the Promoter Region of a Monoamine Oxidase A Gene Polymorphism.

Background: Post-stroke fatigue (PSF) is a common sequela of stroke. Despite reports of serotonergic involvement in the etiology of PSF, the potential contribution of serotonergic genes in the development of PSF needs to be investigated.

Methods: A total of 373 patients, who experienced ischemic stroke for PSF, were evaluated 3 months after the stroke.

Associations of VCAM-1 gene polymorphisms with obesity and inflammation markers.

Objective: Among the inflammatory mediators involved in the pathogenesis of obesity, cell adhesion molecules such as intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) stand out. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 gene variants with obesity and to investigate the associations between these genetic polymorphisms and CRP, UA, and WBC count.

Method: Four SNPs of the VCAM-1 gene (rs3176860, rs2392221, rs3917010 and rs3176879) and two SNPs of the ICAM-1 gene (rs281432 and rs5498) were analyzed in 181 control (18 < BMI < 23) and 144 obese (BMI ≥ 25) subjects.

Comparative analysis of the conserved functions of Arabidopsis DRL1 and yeast KTI12.

Patterning of the polar axis during the early leaf developmental stage is established by cell-to-cell communication between the shoot apical meristem (SAM) and the leaf primordia. In a previous study, we showed that the DRL1 gene, which encodes a homolog of the Elongator-associated protein KTI12 of yeast, acts as a positive regulator of adaxial leaf patterning and shoot meristem activity. To determine the evolutionally conserved functions of DRL1, we performed a comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence of DRL1 and its yeast homolog, KTI12, and found that while overall homology was low, well-conserved domains were presented.

Arabidopsis thaliana homeobox 12 (ATHB12), a homeodomain-leucine zipper protein, regulates leaf growth by promoting cell expansion and endoreduplication.

Arabidopsis thaliana homeobox 12 (ATHB12), a homeodomain-leucine zipper class I (HD-Zip I) gene, is highly expressed in leaves and stems, and induced by abiotic stresses, but its role in development remains obscure. To understand its function during plant development, we studied the effects of loss and gain of function. Expression of ATHB12 fused to the EAR-motif repression domain (SRDX) - P35 S ::ATHB12SRDX (A12SRDX) and PATHB 12 ::ATHB12SRDX - slowed both leaf and root growth, while the growth of ATHB12-overexpressing seedlings (A12OX) was accelerated.

Update on irritable bowel syndrome program of research.

Purpose: This article provides an update and overview of a nursing research program focused on understanding the pathophysiology and management of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).

Methods: This review includes English language papers from the United States, Europe, and Asia (e.g.

Kip-related protein 3 is required for control of endoreduplication in the shoot apical meristem and leaves of Arabidopsis.

The cell cycle plays an important role in the development and adaptation of multicellular organisms; specifically, it allows them to optimally adjust their architecture in response to environmental changes. Kip-related proteins (KRPs) are important negative regulators of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), which positively control the cell cycle during plant development. The Arabidopsis genome possesses seven KRP genes with low sequence similarity and distinct expression patterns; however, why Arabidopsis needs seven KRP genes and how these genes function in cell cycle regulation are unknown.

TPH gene polymorphisms are associated with disease perception and quality of life in women with irritable bowel syndrome.

The aims of this exploratory study were to examine whether tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) gene polymorphisms are associated with psychosocial factors in women with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). TPH is the rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of serotonin and has two isoforms, TPH1 and TPH2. Four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the TPH1 gene and one SNP in the TPH2 gene were selected based on previous studies investigating associations between these SNPs and psychiatric or behavioral disorders.

Conditioned media obtained from human outer root sheath follicular keratinocyte culture activates signalling pathways that contribute to maintenance of hair-inducing capacity and increases trichogenicity of cultured dermal cells.

Findings from recent studies have demonstrated that hair-inducing capacity (trichogenicity) of cultured dermal cells can be maintained by addition of conditioned media obtained from culture of epidermal keratinocytes. In this study, we investigated the question of whether treatment with human follicular keratinocyte-conditioned media (FKCM) can result in activation of signalling pathways that contribute to trichogenicity and increase the trichogenicity of cultured dermal cells. Through conduct of hair reconstitution assays, we observed that treatment of cells with FKCM resulted in induction of a greater number of hair follicles, compared with control cells.

Comprehensive self-management reduces the negative impact of irritable bowel syndrome symptoms on sexual functioning.

Background: Women with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) report sexual dysfunction. Comprehensive self-management (CSM) intervention has been shown to reduce gastrointestinal, psychological, and somatic symptoms in IBS women. Whether this intervention also reduces sexual dysfunction is not known.

Is childhood abuse or neglect associated with symptom reports and physiological measures in women with irritable bowel syndrome?

Purpose: Early childhood traumatic experiences (e.g., abuse or neglect) may contribute to sleep disturbances as well as to other indicators of arousal in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).

Genetics and gastrointestinal symptoms.

Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms including nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, abdominal discomfort/pain, and heartburn are ubiquitous and as such are often the focus of nursing interventions. The etiologies of these symptoms include GI pathology (e.g.

Overexpression of the downward leaf curling (DLC) gene from melon changes leaf morphology by controlling cell size and shape in Arabidopsis leaves.

A plant-specific gene was cloned from melon fruit. This gene was named downward leaf curling (CmDLC) based on the phenotype of transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing the gene. This expression level of this gene was especially upregulated during melon fruit enlargement.

The serotonin transporter polymorphism rs25531 is associated with irritable bowel syndrome.

Irritable bowel syndrome is a frequent gastrointestinal disorder of unknown etiology. The serotonin transporter regulates the intensity and duration of serotonin signaling in the gut and is, therefore, an attractive candidate gene for irritable bowel syndrome. Previous studies investigating the 5-HTTLPR and Stin2 VNTR polymorphisms of the serotonin transporter have proved inconclusive.