Catalytic removal of harmful volatile organic compounds by reutilizing zinc rods waste from spent batteries as a palladium catalyst support.

The emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) has led to significant deterioration in air quality, making it imperative to ensure that these compounds are removed from emission sources before they are released into the atmosphere. In this context, the present study recycled spent primary batteries to use their zinc rods waste (ZRW) as a palladium catalyst support for the removal of harmful VOCs. To this end, palladium supported on ZRW (Pd/ZRW) catalysts were prepared and tested for the catalytic oxidation of benzene, methylbenzene and 1,2-dimethylbenzene.

Removal of oxytetracycline from water by liquid-phase plasma process with an iron precipitated TiO photocatalyst.

This study developed a new water treatment method using liquid-phase plasma (LPP) process that can decompose oxytetracycline (OTC) remaining in the aquatic environment. Relatedly, the OTC causes damage to the human body and cannot be removed by traditional water treatment methods. The study also prepared Fe/TiO photocatalyst responding to visible light using the LPP process.

Hydrogen Production through Catalytic Water Splitting Using Liquid-Phase Plasma over Bismuth Ferrite Catalyst.

This study examined the H production characteristics from a decomposition reaction using liquid-phase plasma with a bismuth ferrite catalyst. The catalyst was prepared using a sol-gel reaction method. The physicochemical and optical properties of bismuth ferrite were analyzed.

Preparation and Characterization of Silver-Iron Bimetallic Nanoparticles on Activated Carbon Using Plasma in Liquid Process.

The mono and bi-metallic nanoparticles have conspicuous properties and are widely used in the environment, energy, and medical fields. In this study, bimetallic nanoparticles composed of silver and iron were precipitated on the surface of activated carbon in a single process using plasma in liquid process (PLP). Silver-iron ions and various radicals were actively generated in the aqueous reactant solution by the PLP.

Effect of palladium on the black mass-based catalyst prepared from spent Zn/Mn alkaline batteries for catalytic combustion of volatile organic compounds.

A large amount of spent batteries is produced annually. When spente batteries are buried, their harmful components may contaminate soil and water. Therefore, recycling of spent batteries is essential for environmental reasons.

Catalytic Performance of Supported Bimetallic Catalysts for Complete Oxidation of Toluene.

The complete oxidation of toluene (as a model volatile organic compound) was studied to determine the influence of adding a transition metal (Mn, Cr, Fe, Co, and Ni) to the 5 Cu/Al catalyst. The physcochemical properties of the catalysts were characterized by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, field emission transmission electron microscopy (FE/TEM), and hydrogen temperature programmed reduction (H₂-TPR). The catalytic activity of the supported bimetallic catalysts followed the order: 5Cu-5Mn/Al > 5Cu-5Cr/Al > 5Cu-5Fe/Al > 5Cu-5Co/Al > 5Cu > 5Cu-5Ni/Al, based on the temperature for of toluene conversion (T).

Kinetic Analysis for the Catalytic Pyrolysis of Wood Plastic Composite Over Al-MCM-41.

This study examined the catalytic effects of Al-MCM-41 on the pyrolysis of wood plastic composite via the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and model-free kinetic analysis. Al-MCM-41 containing nanopores, with a high BET surface area (633 m²/g) and acidity (SiO₂/Al₂O₃:25), reduced the decomposition temperature of wood and plastic mixtures (PE and PP) in a wood-plastic composite. The average activation energy for the catalytic pyrolysis of wood plastic composite, which was calculated via a model-free kinetic analysis method (Ozawa) of TGA, was also lower at all conversions than those of non-catalytic pyrolysis.

Catalytic Oxidation of Toluene with Ozone Over the Ru-Mn/Desilicated Nanoporous H-Zeolite Socony Mobil-5 at Room Temperature.

In this study, the effect of Ru-Mn bimetallic catalysts in combination with a zeolite support on the removal of toluene in the presence of ozone at room temperature was investigated. Desili-cated HZSM-5 (DZSM) was fabricated and applied as a Ru-Mn support for the removal of toluene (100 ppm) in the presence of ozone (1000 ppm) at room temperature. The surface area, pore volume, and average pore size of Ru-Mn with a DZSM support (RuMn/DZSM) were measured and compared with those of Ru-Mn/HZSM-5 (RuMn/HZSM).

Synthesis and Characteristic Properties of Crosslinked Chitosan with Epichlorohydrin for Nitrate Removal from Water.

In this study, we prepared chitosan beads cross-linked with epichlorohydrin (CB-ECH) to improve the removal of nitrate in groundwater. It was confirmed that CB-ECH exhibited higher thermal stability and well-developed nano-pores compared to the pure chitosan beads (CB) by the thermogravimetric analyzer, nitrogen gas adsorption and desorption isotherm, and field emission scanning microscopy analysis. The CB-ECH showed a higher nitrate adsorption amount than the pure CB.

Decomposition of naproxen by plasma in liquid process with TiO photocatslysts and hydrogen peroxide.

Naproxen (NPX), one of the representative non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) ingredients, was decomposed by plasma in liquid process (PiLP). Strongly oxidized species generated in the plasma field of the PiLP, such as OH radicals, were confirmed by optical emission spectroscopy Increasing the operation parameters (pulse width, frequency and applied voltage) of the power supply promoted plasma field generation and OH radical generation, and affected the NPX decomposition rate. Although the NPX decomposition reaction rate was improved by up to 18-30% by adding TiO photocatalyst powder and HO to PiLP, but the optimal addition amount should be determined considering the plasma generation and scavenger effects.

Recovery of spent VOSO using an organic ligand for vanadium redox flow battery applications.

To recover the spent vanadium compound, Rhodamine-B-based Schiff's base ligand (L) was synthesized via ultrasonication process and was evaluated with vanadyl sulfate (VOSO), which has shown considerable selectivity towards V(IV). The change of the solution color from colorless to pink is attributed to L after the reaction with vanadium ion owing to the successful formation of the vanadium complex and the opening of the spirolactam ring in the L structure. In FT-IR spectra, the vanadyl peaks are co-existed with the L structure, which confirmed the complex formation of the L with vanadium.

Performance of platinum doping on spent alkaline battery-based catalyst for complete oxidation of o-xylene.

Oxidation of o-xylene was performed using alkaline battery-based catalyst doped with platinum to investigate the properties and activities. O-xylene was selected as the model of volatile organic compound (VOC) in this work. Physicochemical properties of the selected catalysts were characterized by FE/TEM (field emission transmission electron microscopy), BET (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller) analysis, XRD (X-ray powder diffraction), SEM/EDX (scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy), and H-TPR (hydrogen temperature programmed reduction).

Photocatalytic degradation of 1,4-dioxane using liquid phase plasma on visible light photocatalysts.

The compound 1,4-dioxane (DO) irritates the eyes, skin, and mucous membrane and is classified as a carcinogen. In this study, the decomposition of DO by photocatalytic reaction using liquid phase plasma (LPP) with photocatalyst was suggested. Plasma was directly discharged as an aqueous DO solution to enhance photocatalytic decomposition activity.

Surface Modification of Sulfonated Poly(phenylene oxide) Membrane for Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries.

Sulfonated poly(phenylene) oxide (sPPO) polymer is coated in a dopamine hydrochloride solution to prepare a highly durable, low-price polymer membrane for vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs). The polydopamine (PDA) coating on the sPPO membrane is confirmed using SEM and EDX analysis. sPPO coated with PDA exhibits decreased proton conductivity due to high resistance.

Hydrocarbons Production from m-Cresol as a Lignin Model Compound Over Nickel Silicate Catalysts.

Hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) reactions under low/atmospheric pressure of hydrogen should be studied to solve the problem of the economics of the high-pressure hydrogen upgrading process. Therefore, in this study, the catalytic HDO reaction of m-cresol in atmospheric hydrogen pressure was evaluated using Ni/silica and Nickel silicate (Ni-MCM-41) catalysts. The Ni-MCM-41 catalyst exhibited higher conversion of m-cresol than Ni/silica.

Complete Oxidation of Volatile Organic Compounds Over Spent Vanadium-Based Catalyst.

The catalytic oxidation of benzene and toluene (VOCs) was carried out in order to assess the properties and catalytic activities of spent vanadium-based catalyst and that modified with copper and manganese. The properties of the prepared catalysts were characterized by the Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET) surface area method as well as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR), and Scanning electron microscopy-Energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) analyses. The experimental results showed that oxalic acid treatment significantly affected the activity of the spent vanadium-based catalyst, ultimately attributing to the removal of catalyst poison such as sulfur and the even redistribution of catalyst components.

Fabrication of Molybdenum Oxide/Activated Carbon Using Liquid Phase Plasma Reaction and Its Electrochemical Performance.

In this study, molybdenum oxide/carbon nanocomposites (MOCNCs) were prepared by precipitating molybdenum oxide nanoparticles on activated carbon powder using liquid phase plasma process. The molybdenum oxide nanoparticles were impregnated on the AC surface and the amount impregnated was dependent on the concentration of the molybdenum precursor. MoO₃ nanoparticles were predominantly precipitated and their size was about 20-80 nm.

Synthesis of Walnut Shaped V₂O₃ Particles and Its Photocatalytic Activity for Methylene Blue Degradation Under Visible Light Irradiation.

In this study, walnut-shaped V₂O₃ particles with high photocatalytic activity in the visible light were synthesized by hydrothermal process. The V₂O₃ samples synthesized with the various temperature conditions of the hydrothermal process were characterized using XRD, SEM, TEM, UV-Visible spectrometer and N₂gas adsorption/desorption analysis. For investigating the photocatalytic performance of synthesized V₂O₃ particles in the visible light condition, photodegradation experiments of methylene blue (MB) solution under artificial sunlight irradiation was conducted.

Adsorption of Nitrate and Phosphate on Basalt Based Nanostructured Zeolite 13X.

In this work, we prepared basalt based nanostructured zeolite 13X by alkali fusion and hydrothermal synthesis process. The sample prepared was characterized using XRD, SEM, and low-temperature nitrogen analysis. The adsorption equilibrium and kinetic characteristics of ammonia nitrogen (NH₄-N) and phosphate phosphorus (PO₄-P) were investigated.

Catalytic Performance of Supported Pd Catalyst Prepared with Different Palladium Precursors for Catalytic Combustion of BTH.

Catalytic combustion of benzene, toluene, and hexane (BTH) was carried out to investigate in this study the effect of palladium precursor on the property and performance of 1 wt.% Pd/-Al₂O₃. Properties were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET) surface area, temperature programmed reduction (TPR), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses.

H₂ Production from Yellow Poplar Gasification Over Ni/Spent FCC.

Ni/spent FCC catalyst was applied as the catalyst on the catalytic pyrolysis and gasification of yellow poplar (YP). Larger amount of gas (CO, CO₂, H₂, C~C₄) was produced by applying Ni/spent FCC catalyst to the catalytic pyrolysis and gasification of YP. Ni/spent FCC catalyst also increased the selectivity of phenols and aromatic hydrocarbons in oil product during the pyrolysis and gasification of YP.

Facile Synthesis of Chromium Oxide on Activated Carbon Electrodes for Electrochemical Capacitor Application.

Chromium oxide/carbon nanocomposites (COCNC) were synthesized by using a liquid phase plasma process, and the electrical properties of the supercapacitor electrode were investigated. Spherical chromium oxide (Cr₂O₃) nanoparticles with the size of 100-150 nm were dispersed uniformly on activated carbon powder surface. The quantity of chromium oxide nanoparticle precipitate increased with increasing LPP reaction time and the specific capacitance of COCNC increased with increasing LPP reaction time.

Effect of Stabilizing Agents on the Synthesis of Palladium Nanoparticles.

The effects of stabilizing agents and the reaction conditions on the synthesis of palladium nanoparticles were examined. Palladium nanoparticles were prepared using palladium (II) chloride (PdCl2) as a precursor and sodium borohydride (NaBH4) as the reducing agent. Polyvinylpyrrolidone, sodium dodecyl sulfate and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide were used as the stabilizing agents.