Aims: Antimicrobial resistance continues to be a growing concern, resulting in increased use of drug combinations. Antibiotic adjuvants are an emerging strategy that may potentiate an antibiotics efficacy. Ibuprofen's polypharmacological properties have been investigated for their antimicrobial and host-modulating potential.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAims: This study aimed to explore potential synergistic effects of medicinal dyes with antimicrobials against pathogens responsible for skin infections.
Methods And Results: Antimicrobial testing was conducted using minimum inhibitory concentrations and minimum bactericidal/fungicidal concentration assays. The fractional inhibitory index (ΣFIC) of combinations was calculated, and isobolograms were constructed on selected combinations.
Antimicrobial resistance has emerged as a significant threat to public health, prompting novel combinations comprising of natural sources such as essential oil compounds with conventional antibiotics. This study aimed to determine the possible interactions between six essential oil compounds with eight antibiotics/antifungals against six pathogens (, , , , , and ) commonly implicated in skin infections. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for the antibiotics and essential oil compounds were evaluated singularly and in combination using the broth microdilution assay.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWe synthesized and characterized two copper(II) complexes: and , where = 2,2'-bipyridine and L' = 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine. We evaluated their photocatalytic hydrocarboxylation properties on a series of synthesized Schiff bases (): (E)-1-(4-((5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzylidene)amino)phenyl)ethanone (), (E)-N-(4-(dimethylamino)benzylidene)benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine (), (E)-4-Bromo-2-((thiazol-2-ylimino)methyl)phenol (), and (E)-4-((5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzylidene)amino)-1,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-3(2H)-one (). Under mild photocatalytic reaction conditions (room temperature, 1 atm CO, 30-watt Blue LED light), the derivatives of α-amino acids were obtained with yields ranging from 5% to 44%.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFL. oil is frequently recommended in the aromatherapeutic literature for treating respiratory, urinary, and skin infections; however, antimicrobial evidence is lacking. In addition, in aromatherapy, combinations of essential oils are predominantly utilized with the goal of achieving therapeutic synergy, yet no studies investigating the interaction of essential oil combinations with oil exists.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAntimicrobial research into the use of essential oil has demonstrated broad-spectrum activity; however, much of the research published focuses on identifying the potential of this essential oil individually, rather than in combination for an enhanced antimicrobial effect. This study aimed to determine the antimicrobial activity of four essential oil combinations, all inclusive of , against nine pathogens associated with the respiratory tract. The minimum inhibitory concentration assay was used to determine the antimicrobial activity of four essential oil combinations, in combination with , and essential oils.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEssential oil compounds have been identified as alternative antimicrobials; however, their use is limited due to their toxicity on human lymphocytes, skin, and reproduction. Carrier oils can reduce the toxicity of essential oils, which raises the question as to whether such activity would extend to the essential oil compounds. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial and toxicity activity of essential oil compounds in combination with carrier oils.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: Many species within Combretaceae are traditionally used for the treatment of bacterial infections. The similarity in chemistry and antimicrobial activities within the family pose a challenge in selecting suitable species for herbal drug development.
Objective: This study aimed at rapidly identifying antimicrobial compounds using bioautography-guided high-performance thin-layer chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (HPTLC-MS).
Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease caused by which has become prevalent due to the emergence of resistant strains. The use of essential oils (EOs) as potential anti-infective agents to treat microbial infections, including TB, offers promise due to their long historical use and low adverse effects. The current study aimed to investigate the in vitro anti-TB activity of 85 commercial EOs, and identify compounds responsible for the activity, using a biochemometrics approach.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCulinary herbs and spices are known to be good sources of natural antioxidants. Although the antioxidant effects of individual culinary herbs and spices are widely reported, little is known about their effects when used in combination. The current study was therefore undertaken to compare the antioxidant effects of crude extracts and essential oils of some common culinary herbs and spices in various combinations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAcne is a skin condition arising from excess sebum production and microbial overgrowth within the pilosebaceous unit. Several commercial essential oils have shown promising activity against acne-related pathogens. Due to their volatility and thermal instability, the formulation of essential oils into commercial products remains a pharmaceutical challenge.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAntibiotics (Basel)
December 2021
This study investigated the potential efficacy of 369 commercial essential oil combinations for antimicrobial, anti-toxic and anti-inflammatory activity with the aim of identifying synergy among essential oils commonly used in combination by aromatherapists for respiratory purposes. Essential oil combinations were assessed for their antimicrobial activities using a panel of Gram-positive, Gram-negative, and yeast strains associated with respiratory tract infections. The antimicrobial activity was measured by determining the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of microbial growth.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe current study introduces two novel, smart polymer three-dimensional (3D)-printable interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) hydrogel biomaterials with favorable chemical, mechanical, and morphological properties for potential applications in traumatic brain injury (TBI) such as potentially assisting in the restoration of neurological function through closure of the wound deficit and neural tissue regeneration. Additionally, removal of injury matter to allow for the appropriate scaffold grafting may assist in providing a TBI treatment. Furthermore, due to the 3D printability of the IPN biomaterials, complex structures can be designed and fabricated to mimic the native shape and structure of the injury sight, which can potentially assist with neural tissue regeneration after TBI.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe antimicrobial effects of essential oils are commonly cited within aromatherapeutic texts for use in respiratory tract infections. These essential oils are inhaled or applied to the skin to treat infections and manage symptoms associated with these conditions. A limited number of these essential oils have been scientifically studied to support these claims, specifically, against respiratory pathogens.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEvid Based Complement Alternat Med
July 2021
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are amongst the most common bacterial infections globally, with ∼11% of the world's population contracting at least one infection annually. Several South African plants are used in traditional healing systems to treat UTIs, yet the therapeutic potential of these plants against bacteria that cause UTI remains poorly explored. This study documents southern African plant species used traditionally to treat UTIs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHistorically, essential oils and their lead molecules have been extensively recognised for their anti-infective properties. In this context, certain volatile phenolics (VPs) have emerged as important antimicrobial compounds with excellent inhibitory activity against pathogenic bacteria and fungi, which further extends to drug-resistant and biofilm-forming micro-organisms. In this review, we aim to collate and discuss a number of published papers on the anti-infective activities of naturally occurring VPs with special emphasis on eugenol, isoeugenol, thymol and carvacrol, using Scopus Web of Science and PubMed databases.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIndigenous trade of medicinal plants in South Africa is a multi-million-rand industry and is still highly relevant in terms of primary health care. The purpose of this study was to identify today's most traded medicinal barks, traditionally and contemporaneously used for dermatological, gastrointestinal, and respiratory tract infections; then, to investigate the antimicrobial activity and toxicity of the respective extracts and interpret outcomes in light of pharmacokinetics. Thirty-one popularly traded medicinal barks were purchased from the Faraday and Kwa Mai-Mai markets in Johannesburg, South Africa.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEthnopharmacological Relevance: Many species within the family Combretaceae are popular medicinal plants that are used traditionally to treat various conditions, of which many are related to bacterial infections. Global concerns regarding the increasing resistance of pathogens towards currently available antibiotics have encouraged researchers to find new drugs with antibacterial activity, particularly from plant sources.
Aim Of The Study: This study was aimed at exploring the broad-spectrum antibacterial potential of methanol extracts of species representing four genera of Combretaceae (Combretum, Pteleopsis, Quisqualis, Terminalia), indigenous to South Africa, using a biochemometric approach.
Warburgia salutaris, known as 'Pepper bark', is an ethnomedicinally important tree found in the southern regions of Africa. A total of 75 fresh leaf specimens of W. salutaris (n=40 wild and 35 cultivated) were collected from the Limpopo (wild) and KwaZulu-Natal provinces (cultivated), two distinct locations in South Africa.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEthnopharmacological Relevance: Multiple plant species were used traditionally in southern Africa to treat bacterial respiratory diseases. This review summarises this usage and highlights plant species that are yet to be verified for these activities.
Aim Of The Study: This manuscript reviews the traditional usage of southern African plant species to treat bacterial respiratory diseases with the aim of highlighting gaps in the literature and focusing future studies.
Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Viral respiratory infections are amongst the most common infections globally, with most of the world's population contracting at least one infection annually. Numerous plant species are used in traditional southern African healing systems to treat these diseases and to alleviate the symptoms. Despite this, the therapeutic potential of these plants against viral respiratory diseases remains poorly explored.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPrenylated (iso)flavonoids, -flavans and pterocarpans from taxa in are repeatedly flagged as potent antimicrobial compounds. In the current study, bark from was extracted and seven isoflavone derivatives were purified: erybraedin A (), phaseollidin (), abyssinone V-4' methyl ether (), eryzerin C (), alpumisoflavone (), cristacarpin () and lysisteisoflavone (). Minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) values were determined against a range of species of bacteria (skin pathogens), then values for another 67 derivatives from , only against , were mined from the literature.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis review explores the body of scientific information available on the antimicrobial properties of essential oils against pathogens responsible for respiratory infections and critically compares this to what is recommended in the Layman's aroma-therapeutic literature. Essential oils are predominantly indicated for the treatment of respiratory infections caused by bacteria or viruses (total 79.0 %), the efficacy of which has not been confirmed through clinical trials.
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