Ibuprofen as an adjuvant to conventional antimicrobials and essential oil compounds against skin pathogens.

Aims: Antimicrobial resistance continues to be a growing concern, resulting in increased use of drug combinations. Antibiotic adjuvants are an emerging strategy that may potentiate an antibiotics efficacy. Ibuprofen's polypharmacological properties have been investigated for their antimicrobial and host-modulating potential.

The interactive effects of medicinal dyes with conventional antimicrobials against skin pathogens.

Aims: This study aimed to explore potential synergistic effects of medicinal dyes with antimicrobials against pathogens responsible for skin infections.

Methods And Results: Antimicrobial testing was conducted using minimum inhibitory concentrations and minimum bactericidal/fungicidal concentration assays. The fractional inhibitory index (ΣFIC) of combinations was calculated, and isobolograms were constructed on selected combinations.

Essential Oil Compounds in Combination with Conventional Antibiotics for Dermatology.

Antimicrobial resistance has emerged as a significant threat to public health, prompting novel combinations comprising of natural sources such as essential oil compounds with conventional antibiotics. This study aimed to determine the possible interactions between six essential oil compounds with eight antibiotics/antifungals against six pathogens (, , , , , and ) commonly implicated in skin infections. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for the antibiotics and essential oil compounds were evaluated singularly and in combination using the broth microdilution assay.

Copper(II)-photocatalyzed Hydrocarboxylation of Schiff bases with CO: antimicrobial evaluation and in silico studies of Schiff bases and unnatural α-amino acids.

We synthesized and characterized two copper(II) complexes: and , where  = 2,2'-bipyridine and L' = 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine. We evaluated their photocatalytic hydrocarboxylation properties on a series of synthesized Schiff bases (): (E)-1-(4-((5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzylidene)amino)phenyl)ethanone (), (E)-N-(4-(dimethylamino)benzylidene)benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine (), (E)-4-Bromo-2-((thiazol-2-ylimino)methyl)phenol (), and (E)-4-((5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzylidene)amino)-1,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-3(2H)-one (). Under mild photocatalytic reaction conditions (room temperature, 1 atm CO, 30-watt Blue LED light), the derivatives of α-amino acids were obtained with yields ranging from 5% to 44%.

Commercially Available Oil, Chemical Variability and Antimicrobial Activity.

L. oil is frequently recommended in the aromatherapeutic literature for treating respiratory, urinary, and skin infections; however, antimicrobial evidence is lacking. In addition, in aromatherapy, combinations of essential oils are predominantly utilized with the goal of achieving therapeutic synergy, yet no studies investigating the interaction of essential oil combinations with oil exists.

Optimizing the Antimicrobial Synergism of Melaleuca alternifolia (Tea Tree) Essential Oil Combinations for Application against Respiratory Related Pathogens.

Antimicrobial research into the use of essential oil has demonstrated broad-spectrum activity; however, much of the research published focuses on identifying the potential of this essential oil individually, rather than in combination for an enhanced antimicrobial effect. This study aimed to determine the antimicrobial activity of four essential oil combinations, all inclusive of , against nine pathogens associated with the respiratory tract. The minimum inhibitory concentration assay was used to determine the antimicrobial activity of four essential oil combinations, in combination with , and essential oils.

The Antimicrobial and Toxicity Influence of Six Carrier Oils on Essential Oil Compounds.

Essential oil compounds have been identified as alternative antimicrobials; however, their use is limited due to their toxicity on human lymphocytes, skin, and reproduction. Carrier oils can reduce the toxicity of essential oils, which raises the question as to whether such activity would extend to the essential oil compounds. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial and toxicity activity of essential oil compounds in combination with carrier oils.

Bioautography-guided HPTLC-MS as a rapid hyphenated technique for the identification of antimicrobial compounds from selected South African Combretaceae species.

Introduction: Many species within Combretaceae are traditionally used for the treatment of bacterial infections. The similarity in chemistry and antimicrobial activities within the family pose a challenge in selecting suitable species for herbal drug development.

Objective: This study aimed at rapidly identifying antimicrobial compounds using bioautography-guided high-performance thin-layer chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (HPTLC-MS).

Investigating the Antituberculosis Activity of Selected Commercial Essential Oils and Identification of Active Constituents Using a Biochemometrics Approach and In Silico Modeling.

Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease caused by which has become prevalent due to the emergence of resistant strains. The use of essential oils (EOs) as potential anti-infective agents to treat microbial infections, including TB, offers promise due to their long historical use and low adverse effects. The current study aimed to investigate the in vitro anti-TB activity of 85 commercial EOs, and identify compounds responsible for the activity, using a biochemometrics approach.

Antibacterial Screening, Biochemometric and Bioautographic Evaluation of the Non-Volatile Bioactive Components of Three Indigenous South African Species.

L., L., and L.

Optimization of Antioxidant Synergy in a Polyherbal Combination by Experimental Design.

Culinary herbs and spices are known to be good sources of natural antioxidants. Although the antioxidant effects of individual culinary herbs and spices are widely reported, little is known about their effects when used in combination. The current study was therefore undertaken to compare the antioxidant effects of crude extracts and essential oils of some common culinary herbs and spices in various combinations.

Antimicrobial Formulation of Chrysopogon zizanioides Essential Oil in an Emulsified Lotion for Acne.

Acne is a skin condition arising from excess sebum production and microbial overgrowth within the pilosebaceous unit. Several commercial essential oils have shown promising activity against acne-related pathogens. Due to their volatility and thermal instability, the formulation of essential oils into commercial products remains a pharmaceutical challenge.

Essential Oil Blends: The Potential of Combined Use for Respiratory Tract Infections.

This study investigated the potential efficacy of 369 commercial essential oil combinations for antimicrobial, anti-toxic and anti-inflammatory activity with the aim of identifying synergy among essential oils commonly used in combination by aromatherapists for respiratory purposes. Essential oil combinations were assessed for their antimicrobial activities using a panel of Gram-positive, Gram-negative, and yeast strains associated with respiratory tract infections. The antimicrobial activity was measured by determining the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of microbial growth.

Three-Dimensional Printability of an ECM-Based Gelatin Methacryloyl (GelMA) Biomaterial for Potential Neuroregeneration.

The current study introduces two novel, smart polymer three-dimensional (3D)-printable interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) hydrogel biomaterials with favorable chemical, mechanical, and morphological properties for potential applications in traumatic brain injury (TBI) such as potentially assisting in the restoration of neurological function through closure of the wound deficit and neural tissue regeneration. Additionally, removal of injury matter to allow for the appropriate scaffold grafting may assist in providing a TBI treatment. Furthermore, due to the 3D printability of the IPN biomaterials, complex structures can be designed and fabricated to mimic the native shape and structure of the injury sight, which can potentially assist with neural tissue regeneration after TBI.

The use of chemometric modelling to determine chemical composition-antimicrobial activity relationships of essential oils used in respiratory tract infections.

The antimicrobial effects of essential oils are commonly cited within aromatherapeutic texts for use in respiratory tract infections. These essential oils are inhaled or applied to the skin to treat infections and manage symptoms associated with these conditions. A limited number of these essential oils have been scientifically studied to support these claims, specifically, against respiratory pathogens.

A Review of Plant-Based Therapies for the Treatment of Urinary Tract Infections in Traditional Southern African Medicine.

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are amongst the most common bacterial infections globally, with ∼11% of the world's population contracting at least one infection annually. Several South African plants are used in traditional healing systems to treat UTIs, yet the therapeutic potential of these plants against bacteria that cause UTI remains poorly explored. This study documents southern African plant species used traditionally to treat UTIs.

Volatile phenolics: A comprehensive review of the anti-infective properties of an important class of essential oil constituents.

Historically, essential oils and their lead molecules have been extensively recognised for their anti-infective properties. In this context, certain volatile phenolics (VPs) have emerged as important antimicrobial compounds with excellent inhibitory activity against pathogenic bacteria and fungi, which further extends to drug-resistant and biofilm-forming micro-organisms. In this review, we aim to collate and discuss a number of published papers on the anti-infective activities of naturally occurring VPs with special emphasis on eugenol, isoeugenol, thymol and carvacrol, using Scopus Web of Science and PubMed databases.

South Africa's Best BARK Medicines Prescribed at the Johannesburg Muthi Markets for Skin, Gut, and Lung Infections: MIC's and Brine Shrimp Lethality.

Indigenous trade of medicinal plants in South Africa is a multi-million-rand industry and is still highly relevant in terms of primary health care. The purpose of this study was to identify today's most traded medicinal barks, traditionally and contemporaneously used for dermatological, gastrointestinal, and respiratory tract infections; then, to investigate the antimicrobial activity and toxicity of the respective extracts and interpret outcomes in light of pharmacokinetics. Thirty-one popularly traded medicinal barks were purchased from the Faraday and Kwa Mai-Mai markets in Johannesburg, South Africa.

Investigating antimicrobial compounds in South African Combretaceae species using a biochemometric approach.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Many species within the family Combretaceae are popular medicinal plants that are used traditionally to treat various conditions, of which many are related to bacterial infections. Global concerns regarding the increasing resistance of pathogens towards currently available antibiotics have encouraged researchers to find new drugs with antibacterial activity, particularly from plant sources.

Aim Of The Study: This study was aimed at exploring the broad-spectrum antibacterial potential of methanol extracts of species representing four genera of Combretaceae (Combretum, Pteleopsis, Quisqualis, Terminalia), indigenous to South Africa, using a biochemometric approach.

Essential Oil Variation within Warburgia salutaris-A Coveted Ethnomedicinal Aromatic Tree.

Warburgia salutaris, known as 'Pepper bark', is an ethnomedicinally important tree found in the southern regions of Africa. A total of 75 fresh leaf specimens of W. salutaris (n=40 wild and 35 cultivated) were collected from the Limpopo (wild) and KwaZulu-Natal provinces (cultivated), two distinct locations in South Africa.

Unravelling the Antibacterial Activity of Root Bark through a Metabolomic Approach.

Burch. ex. DC.

The traditional use of southern African medicinal plants for the treatment of bacterial respiratory diseases: A review of the ethnobotany and scientific evaluations.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Multiple plant species were used traditionally in southern Africa to treat bacterial respiratory diseases. This review summarises this usage and highlights plant species that are yet to be verified for these activities.

Aim Of The Study: This manuscript reviews the traditional usage of southern African plant species to treat bacterial respiratory diseases with the aim of highlighting gaps in the literature and focusing future studies.

The traditional use of southern African medicinal plants in the treatment of viral respiratory diseases: A review of the ethnobotany and scientific evaluations.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Viral respiratory infections are amongst the most common infections globally, with most of the world's population contracting at least one infection annually. Numerous plant species are used in traditional southern African healing systems to treat these diseases and to alleviate the symptoms. Despite this, the therapeutic potential of these plants against viral respiratory diseases remains poorly explored.

Antimicrobial Isoflavones and Derivatives from Erythrina (Fabaceae): Structure Activity Perspective (Sar & Qsar) on Experimental and Mined Values Against .

Prenylated (iso)flavonoids, -flavans and pterocarpans from taxa in are repeatedly flagged as potent antimicrobial compounds. In the current study, bark from was extracted and seven isoflavone derivatives were purified: erybraedin A (), phaseollidin (), abyssinone V-4' methyl ether (), eryzerin C (), alpumisoflavone (), cristacarpin () and lysisteisoflavone (). Minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) values were determined against a range of species of bacteria (skin pathogens), then values for another 67 derivatives from , only against , were mined from the literature.

Odoriferous Therapy: A Review Identifying Essential Oils against Pathogens of the Respiratory Tract.

This review explores the body of scientific information available on the antimicrobial properties of essential oils against pathogens responsible for respiratory infections and critically compares this to what is recommended in the Layman's aroma-therapeutic literature. Essential oils are predominantly indicated for the treatment of respiratory infections caused by bacteria or viruses (total 79.0 %), the efficacy of which has not been confirmed through clinical trials.