Lessons learned: Using a Three-Step Model of Planned Change for nursing curricular revision.

Background: The American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN, 2021) introduced "The Essentials: Core Competencies for Professional Nursing Education" (Essentials) in 2021. The AACN document necessitated a change in nursing curriculums, both undergraduate and graduate. To meet the revised standards, one college of nursing within a hierarchical organization used a Three-Step Model of Planned Change to guide curricular revisions.

Planned change in modern hierarchical organizations: A three-step model.

Change is often uncomfortable and it is challenging when the need for substantive change emerges in a hierarchical organization. It is critical to consider both processes and people when planned change becomes necessary. Members of the organization may look to existing theories and models that would be helpful to navigate planned change.

Quality of life improvement in patients treated with degarelix versus leuprorelin for advanced prostate cancer.

Purpose: We used responses to questionnaires included in the CS21 degarelix trial and published mapping algorithms to address the paucity of evidence for health related quality of life in patients with advanced hormone dependent prostate cancer treated with degarelix.

Materials And Methods: We measured health related quality of life in 610 patients enrolled in the CS21 trial using SF-12® and EORTC QLQ-C30. Based on responses to these questionnaires we estimated patient utility using 4 published mapping algorithms.

A cost-utility analysis of degarelix in the treatment of advanced hormone-dependent prostate cancer in the United Kingdom.

Objective: To determine the cost-effectiveness of the treatment of advanced hormone-dependent prostate cancer with degarelix compared to luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonists in the UK using the latest available evidence and the model submitted to AWMSG.

Methods: A cost-effectiveness model was developed from the perspective of the UK National Health Service evaluating monthly injection of degarelix against 3-monthly leuprorelin therapy plus anti-androgen flare cover for the first-line treatment of patients with advanced (locally advanced or metastatic) hormone-dependent prostate cancer. A Markov process model was constructed using the patient population characteristics and efficacy information from the CS21 Phase III clinical trial and associated extension study (CS21A).

Cost and quality-adjusted life year differences in the treatment of active ulcerative colitis using once-daily 4 g or twice-daily 2g mesalazine dosing.

Background: Improved compliance in active ulcerative colitis (UC) is likely to improve healthcare efficiency by reducing time spent in active mild to moderate UC state. To establish whether once daily (OD) mesalazine offers economic advantages over twice daily (BD) dosing in active UC, we evaluated the outcomes and costs of a recently published randomized study.

Methods: A cost-effectiveness model with four week Markov cycles was developed to reflect current treatment practices in the Netherlands with OD and BD mesalazine for active UC.

Cost-effectiveness analysis comparing degarelix with leuprolide in hormonal therapy for patients with locally advanced prostate cancer.

Degarelix, approved in the USA in 2008, is a gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist, representing one of the latest additions to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). ADT is used as first-line therapy for locally advanced or metastatic prostate cancer with the aim to reduce testosterone to castrate levels. Like other gonadotropin-releasing hormone-antagonists, degarelix treatment results in rapid decrease in luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone and testosterone levels without the associated risk of flare.

Review of the economic evaluations of hormonal therapy for patients with locally advanced prostate cancer.

Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is used as first-line therapy for locally advanced or metastatic prostate cancer aiming to reduce testosterone to castrate levels. The authors present an overview of the existing cost-effectiveness studies of ADT in prostate cancer. Cost-effectiveness of ADT was reviewed using a systematic search of the peer-reviewed literature, as well as research abstracts presented at various scientific and industry meetings.

A comparison of physician-rated disease severity and patient reported outcomes in mild to moderately active ulcerative colitis.

Background And Aims: The aim was to derive health state utility scores in ulcerative colitis (UC) by establishing the relationship between the physician-rated ulcerative colitis disease activity index (UCDAI) and a patient reported EQ-5D by statistically mapping the two instruments.

Methods: In a randomised controlled trial comparing oral plus enema mesalazine treatment with oral mesalazine treatment alone (PINCE), UCDAI and EQ-5D scores were collected in parallel from patients with active UC. From these data, multinomial logistic regression was used to estimate response probabilities to each of the five domains of the EQ-5D index from assessment of UC disease severity using original and abbreviated (no endoscopy) versions of the UCDAI.

An economic evaluation comparing concomitant oral and topical mesalazine versus oral mesalazine alone in mild-to-moderately active ulcerative colitis based on results from randomised controlled trial.

Introduction: A previous randomised controlled trial has demonstrated that oral plus topical mesalazine enema is more effective than oral mesalazine alone for achieving clinical remission in mild-to-moderately active extensive ulcerative colitis (UC). To evaluate whether this strategy is cost-effective we conducted an economic evaluation comparing 1 g topical mesalazine in combination with 4 g oral mesalazine compared to 4 g mesalazine monotherapy in mild-to-moderately active UC.

Methods: The economic evaluation was based on the ability to achieve remission using changes from baseline in the ulcerative colitis disease activity instrument (UCDAI).

An economic evaluation comparing once daily with twice daily mesalazine for maintaining remission based on results from a randomised controlled clinical trial.

Background And Aims: Standard practice to maintain remission in ulcerative colitis (UC) consists of daily mesalazine therapy. However, frequent dosing is associated with poor adherence and increased failure rates. The PODIUM (Pentasa™ Once Daily In UC Maintenance) randomised control trial showed 2 g once daily (OD) to be superior to twice daily (BD) dosing for maintaining remission.

Antibiotic sales and the prevalence of symptoms of asthma, rhinitis, and eczema: The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC).

Background: It has been hypothesized that antibiotic use early in life may increase the subsequent risk of asthma. We have conducted an ecologic analysis of the relationship between antibiotics sales and the prevalence of symptoms of asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, and atopic eczema in 99 centres from 28 countries.

Methods: Data for antibiotics sales for 28 countries were obtained from the Institute for Medical Statistics (IMS), Health Global Services, UK and converted to defined daily doses (DDD).