What Chinese Women Seek in Mental Health Apps: Insights from Analyzing User Posts during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Gender disparity poses a prominent obstacle to achieving effective mental health outcomes in digital healthcare. Despite women being more inclined to use mental health apps and seeking designs tailored to their specific needs, there is limited research on the factors influencing female users' engagement with these apps. The COVID-19 pandemic has further exacerbated its disproportionate impact on women's mental health.

Equity in Mental Health Care Receipt among Youth Who Use School-Based Health Centers.

Introduction: Youth experience significant mental health (MH) needs, and gender- and racially/ethnically-diverse youth are less likely than peers to receive care. School-based health centers (SBHCs) are a healthcare delivery model that may decrease disparities. This study examined the role of SBHCs in reducing disparities in MH care receipt among SBHC clients.

Predictors of Colonoscopy Use Among Asian Indians in New York City, 2003 to 2016.

Background: Asian Americans have the lowest colorectal cancer screening uptake of any racial and ethnic group in the United States. Asian Indians are among the most under-screened Asian American subgroups, but there is limited data for this population. We sought to characterize predictors of colonoscopy use among Asian Indians in New York City.

Up-to-Date Colonoscopy Use in Asian and Hispanic Subgroups in New York City, 2003-2016.

Background: Colorectal cancer screening uptake in the United States overall has increased, but racial/ethnic disparities persist and data on colonoscopy uptake by racial/ethnic subgroups are lacking. We sought to better characterize these trends and to identify predictors of colonoscopy uptake, particularly among Asian and Hispanic subgroups.

Study: We used data from the New York City Community Health Survey to generate estimates of up-to-date colonoscopy use in Asian and Hispanic subgroups across 6 time periods spanning 2003-2016.

Replenishment of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) overrides CR-mediated protection against tumor growth in a murine model of triple-negative breast cancer.

Caloric restriction (CR) is the leading non-pharmacological intervention to delay induced and spontaneous tumors in pre-clinical models. These effects of CR are largely attributed to canonical inhibition of pro-growth pathways. However, our recent data suggest that CR impairs primary tumor growth and cancer progression in the murine 4T1 model of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), at least in part, through reduced frequency of the myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC).

Risk and Resilience Factors Associated With Frequency of School-Based Health Center Use.

Background: School-based health centers (SBHCs) provide health care to vulnerable youth. The purpose of the study was to identify characteristics of youth who use SBHCs with the highest frequency to understand their health needs and receipt of health services.

Methods: This study examined cross-sectional survey data from adolescents in 3 urban school districts (n = 2641) to identify the characteristics of youth who use SBHCs with high frequency (10+ visits).

Daily caloric restriction limits tumor growth more effectively than caloric cycling regardless of dietary composition.

Cancer incidence increases with age and is a leading cause of death. Caloric restriction (CR) confers benefits on health and survival and delays cancer. However, due to CR's stringency, dietary alternatives offering the same cancer protection have become increasingly attractive.

Genome Sequence of Eubacterium callanderi AMC0717, Isolated from the Colonic Mucosa of an 11-Year-Old Organ Donor.

AMC0717 was isolated from the mucosa of the transverse colon of an 11-year-old organ donor. This strain contains genes putatively encoding short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), exopolysaccharide (EPS), and several B vitamins.

Genome Sequence of Citrobacter freundii AMC0703, Isolated from the Intestinal Lumen of an 11-Year-Old Organ Donor.

AMC0703 was isolated from the intestinal mucosa of an 11-year-old organ donor. Genome analysis revealed the presence of multiple factors potentially aiding in pathogenicity, including fimbriae, flagella, and genes encoding resistance to fluoroquinolones, cephamycin, fosfomycin, and aminocoumarin.

Lumen and mucosa-associated from the intestinal tract of organ donors.

Knowledge of the intra-individual spatial and regional distribution of intestinal microbial populations is essential to understand gut host-microbial interactions. In this study, we performed a compositional analysis of luminal and mucosal samples from the small and large intestine of four organ donors by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and high-throughput quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Since the human microbiota is subject to selection pressure at lower taxonomic levels, we isolated over 400 bacterial strains and investigated strain-level variation of 11 from different intestinal regions.

Factors Associated with Up-to-Date Colonoscopy Use Among Puerto Ricans in New York City, 2003-2016.

Background: Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death among Hispanic Americans. Puerto Ricans are the second largest Hispanic subgroup in the USA and the largest in New York City, but little is known about predictors of colorectal cancer screening uptake in this population.

Aims: We used the New York City Community Health Survey, a population-based telephone survey, to investigate predictors of up-to-date colonoscopy use over time among Puerto Ricans aged ≥ 50 years in NYC.

Low-residue diet for colonoscopy in veterans: Risk factors for inadequate bowel preparation and patient satisfaction and compliance.

Bowel preparation with low-residue diet (LRD) has resulted in higher patient satisfaction and similar polyp detection rates compared to conventional clear liquid diet. However, there is limited experience with LRD in veterans, in whom conditions associated with poor bowel preparation are more prevalent than the general population. To examine risk factors associated with inadequate bowel preparation, we conducted a chart review of outpatient colonoscopies at the Manhattan VA Medical Center from February 2017 to April 2018.

Polyp Detection Rate Correlates Strongly with Adenoma Detection Rate in Trainee Endoscopists.

Background: The adenoma detection rate (ADR) is a widely accepted quality benchmark for screening colonoscopy but can be burdensome to calculate. Previous studies have shown good correlation between polyp detection rate (PDR) and ADR, but this has not been validated in trainees. Additionally, the correlation between PDR and detection rates for sessile serrated polyps (SSPDR) and advanced neoplasia (ANDR) is not well studied.

Antibiotic-induced acceleration of type 1 diabetes alters maturation of innate intestinal immunity.

The early-life intestinal microbiota plays a key role in shaping host immune system development. We found that a single early-life antibiotic course (1PAT) accelerated type 1 diabetes (T1D) development in male NOD mice. The single course had deep and persistent effects on the intestinal microbiome, leading to altered cecal, hepatic, and serum metabolites.

Antibiotic-mediated gut microbiome perturbation accelerates development of type 1 diabetes in mice.

The early life microbiome plays important roles in host immunological and metabolic development. Because the incidence of type 1 diabetes (T1D) has been increasing substantially in recent decades, we hypothesized that early-life antibiotic use alters gut microbiota, which predisposes to disease. Using non-obese diabetic mice that are genetically susceptible to T1D, we examined the effects of exposure to either continuous low-dose antibiotics or pulsed therapeutic antibiotics (PAT) early in life, mimicking childhood exposures.

The role of affect in consumer evaluation of health care services.

Health care services are typically consumed out of necessity, typically to recover from illness. While the consumption of health care services can be emotional given that consumers experience fear, hope, relief, and joy, surprisingly, there is little research on the role of consumer affect in health care consumption. We propose that consumer affect is a heuristic cue that drives evaluation of health care services.

Streak camera crosstalk reduction using a multiple delay optical fiber bundle.

The streak camera is one of the fastest photodetection systems, while its capability of multiplexing is particularly attractive to many applications requiring parallel data acquisition. The degree of multiplexing in a streak camera is limited by the crosstalk between input channels. We developed a technique that introducing a fixed time delay between adjacent fiber channels in a customized two-dimensional to one-dimensional fiber array to significantly reduce crosstalk both at the sample plane and at the input of a streak camera.

Genetic and mass spectrometry analyses of the unusual type IV-like pili of the archaeon Methanococcus maripaludis.

The structure of pili from the archaeon Methanococcus maripaludis is unlike that of any bacterial pili. However, genetic analysis of the genes involved in the formation of these pili has been lacking until this study. Pili were isolated from a nonflagellated (ΔflaK) mutant and shown by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to consist primarily of subunits with an apparent molecular mass of 17 kDa.

Different minimal signal peptide lengths recognized by the archaeal prepilin-like peptidases FlaK and PibD.

In Archaea, the preflagellin peptidase (a type IV prepilin-like peptidase designated FlaK in Methanococcus voltae and Methanococcus maripaludis) is the enzyme that cleaves the N-terminal signal peptide from preflagellins. In methanogens and several other archaeal species, the typical flagellin signal peptide length is 11 to 12 amino acids, while in other archaea preflagellins possess extremely short signal peptides. A systematic approach to address the signal peptide length requirement for preflagellin processing is presented in this study.

The structure of an archaeal pilus.

Bacterial pili are involved in a host of activities, including motility, adhesion, transformation, and immune escape. Structural studies of these pili have shown that several distinctly different classes exist, with no common origin. Remarkably, it is now known that the archaeal flagellar filament appears to have a common origin with the bacterial type IV pilus, and assembly in both systems involves hydrophobic N-terminal alpha-helices that form three-stranded coils in the center of these filaments.

Identification of a putative acetyltransferase gene, MMP0350, which affects proper assembly of both flagella and pili in the archaeon Methanococcus maripaludis.

Glycosylation is a posttranslational modification utilized in all three domains of life. Compared to eukaryotic and bacterial systems, knowledge of the archaeal processes involved in glycosylation is limited. Recently, Methanococcus voltae flagellin proteins were found to have an N-linked trisaccharide necessary for proper flagellum assembly.

Systematic deletion analyses of the fla genes in the flagella operon identify several genes essential for proper assembly and function of flagella in the archaeon, Methanococcus maripaludis.

The archaeal flagellum is a unique motility apparatus in the prokaryotic domain, distinct from the bacterial flagellum. Most of the currently recognized archaeal flagella-associated genes fall into a single fla operon that contains the genes for the flagellin proteins (two or more genes designated as flaA or flaB), some variation of a set of conserved proteins of unknown function (flaC, flaD, flaE, flaF, flaG and flaH), an ATPase (flaI) and a membrane protein (flaJ). In addition, the flaD gene has been demonstrated to encode two proteins: a full-length gene product and a truncated product derived from an alternate, internal start site.

Archaeal signal peptidases.

Signal peptidases are vital enzymes in the protein secretion pathway. In Archaea, type I signal peptidase, responsible for the cleavage of secretory signal peptides from the majority of secreted proteins, and prepilin peptidase-like signal peptidase, responsible for processing signal peptides from prepilin-like proteins like the preflagellins and various sugar-binding proteins, have been identified. In addition, the archaeal signal peptide peptidase, responsible for degradation of signal peptides after their removal from precursor proteins, has been characterized.

Archaeal flagella, bacterial flagella and type IV pili: a comparison of genes and posttranslational modifications.

The archaeal flagellum is a unique motility organelle. While superficially similar to the bacterial flagellum, several similarities have been reported between the archaeal flagellum and the bacterial type IV pilus system. These include the multiflagellin nature of the flagellar filament, N-terminal sequence similarities between archaeal flagellins and bacterial type IV pilins, as well as the presence of homologous proteins in the two systems.