May Glymphatic Drainage Improve Life Quality in Progressive Multiple Sclerosis Outpatients?

Background: The cerebral fluid-dynamic system plays a critical role in maintaining brain health and function. Recent studies identify the glymphatic system as primarily responsible for removing waste products and toxins from brain tissue. In recent years, we have achieved beneficial improvements in MS patients' symptoms and lifestyle using a specific Fluid Dynamic Intensive MAM (FD-MAM) protocol.

Distal outpatients hemodynamic treatment of chronic venous insufficiency of the lower limbs: a new proposal.

The etiology of the venous insufficiency of the lower limbs is related to the increase of the district pressure. This occurs in case of pressure overload of the afferent compartment with a progressive increase of the gradient until the reversal of the flow direction. Varicose veins would be the effect and not the cause of the pressure overload which must always be researched in the efferent (draining) compartment.

Echocolor Doppler morpho-functional study of the jugulo-subclavian confluence in chronic cerebro-spinal venous insufficiency and multiple sclerosis patients.

Objectives: The aim of this work is to measure the mean diameter of the confluence jugulo- subclavian, the impact of different types of jugular confluences and the correlation between the types of confluences and the Valsalva maneuver (jugular reflux) in subjects with Chronic Cerebro-Spinal Venous Insufficiency (CCSVI) and Multiple Sclerosis.

Method: We investigated by Echo-Color-Doppler (ECD) 103 subjects (67 F 36M) of mean age 45 ± 12 years (a minimum of 22 to a maximum of 79 years, with a median of 44 and a modal value 42 years), mean EDSS of 4.7 and average disease duration of 12 years.

Venous compression syndrome of internal jugular veins prevalence in patients with multiple sclerosis and chronic cerebro-spinal venous insufficiency.

Objectives: Analysis of the incidence of Venous Compression Syndrome (VCS) with full block of the flow of the internal jugular veins (IJVs) in patients with Multiple Sclerosis and Chronic cerebro-spinal venous insufficiency.

Methods: We included 769 patients with MS and CCSVI (299 males, 470 females) and 210 controls without ms and ccsvi (92 males, 118 females). each subject was investigated by echo-color-doppler (ecd).

Jugular diameter and venous reflux.

Objectives: Aims of this study were to investigate the prevalence of reflux on internal jugular veins(IJV) by Valsalva maneuver and to define the association between reflux of IJV in subjects with both CCSVI and MS.

Methods: We recruited 393 patients with MS and CCSVI. Study participants underwent EchoColor Doppler exam in order to define IJV diameter at confluence in subclavian (JSd).

C1-C2 X-Ray assessment of misalignment parameters in patients with Chronic Cerebra-spinal Venous Insufficiency and Multiple Sclerosis versus patients with other pathologies.

Purpose: The complete compression of the internal jugular veins, in front position, shows a prevalence of 48% and it is equally distributed in the various segments of these veins in patients with Chronic Cerebro-Spinal Venous Insufficiency (CCSVI) and Multiple Sclerosis (MS). The aim of this search is to identify radiological dislocation of C1-C2 as specific markers in patients with CCSVI and Multiple Sclerosis (MS).

Method: We investigated 386 patients suffering from CCSVI and Multiple Sclerosis and a control group of 156 patients without MS.

Preliminary results after upper cervical chiropractic care in patients with chronic cerebro-spinal venous insufficiency and multiple sclerosis.

Purpose: The aim of the study is to evaluate the clinical and X-ray results of the Upper Cervical Chiropractic care through the specific adjustments (corrections) of C1-C2 on patients with chronic venous cerebral-spinal insufficiency (CCSVI) and multiple sclerosis (MS).

Method: We studied a sample of 77 patients before and after the Upper Cervical Chiropractic care, and we analyzed: A) The change of the X-ray parameters; B) The clinical results using a new set of questions. The protocol of the C1- C2 upper Cervical Chiropractic treatment, specific for these patients, lasts four months.

Internal jugular Venous Compression Syndrome: hemodynamic outcomes after cervical vertebral decompression manipulations.

Objective: The AA studied hemodynamic effects in Venous Compression Syndrome of internal Jugular veins, after noninvasive treatment by RIMA (Ricci's manipulation) cervical manipulations.

Methods: Twenty-six subjects were enrolled with at least one jugular vein with complete (white) compression in frontal neck position, assessed by echo color Doppler.

Results: after first RIMA procedure we had a reduction of 81.

Age-related vascular differences among patients suffering from multiple sclerosis.

The aim of our study was to analyze morphological and functional aspects of cerebral veins by means of ecocolor-Doppler in young (i.e., ≤ 30 years old) and older (i.

Doppler ultrasound venous mapping of the lower limbs.

Background: The study aim was to test the accuracy (intra and interobserver variability), sensitivity, and specificity of a simplified noninvasive ultrasound methodology for mapping superficial and deep veins of the lower limbs.

Methods: 62 consecutive patients, aged 62 ± 11 years, were enrolled. All underwent US-examinations, performed by two different investigators, of both legs, four anatomical parts, and 17 veins, to assess the interobserver variability of evaluation of superficial and deep veins of the lower limbs.

Correlation between coronary artery disease severity, left ventricular mass index and carotid intima media thickness, assessed by radio-frequency.

Background: Intima-media thickness of the common carotid artery (CCA-IMT) is a validated marker of systemic atherosclerosis process. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between coronary artery disease (CAD), left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and CCA-IMT, assessed by Radio Frequency-Quality Intima Media Thickness (RFQIMT) method, the next generation of IMT real-time measurement, based on the direct analysis of the radiofrequency signal and endowed with high accuracy and reproducibility in early detection of arterial wall thickness.

Methods: 115 patients (76 men, mean age: 65.