A goal-based weighting for composite indicators constructed through Ordered Weighted Averaging (OWA) operator.

The Ordered Weighted Averaging (OWA) operator is a multicriteria method that has conquered space among researchers in the composite indicators field. Typically, OWA operator weights are defined by the decision maker. This type of weighting is highly criticized, as decision-makers are susceptible to errors and bias in judgment.

A new method for multispace analysis of multidimensional social exclusion.

Social phenomena are multidimensional and dependent on geographic space. Numerous methods are capable of representing multidimensional social phenomena through a composite indicator. Among these methods, principal component analysis (PCA) is the most used when considering the geographical perspective.

Method of preparing an international and national literature review for novice researchers.

Many papers offer methods for preparing a systematic literature review. These methods assume that the researchers have some experience in research, are proficient in English, and that the research objective is solely a literature review. This article presents a systematic method for preparing a literature review aimed at novice researchers who have four to twelve weeks to develop their work and do not have the guidance of a professor.

Factors that most expose countries to COVID-19: a composite indicators-based approach.

Studies carried out in different countries correlate social, economic, environmental, and health factors with the number of cases and deaths from COVID-19. However, such studies do not reveal which factors make one country more exposed to COVID-19 than other. Based on the composite indicators approach, this research identifies the factors that most impact the number of cases and deaths of COVID-19 worldwide and measures countries' exposure to COVID-19.