Microvascular dysfunction and sympathetic hyperactivity in women with supra-normal left ventricular ejection fraction (snLVEF).

Background: Recently, a new disease phenotype characterized by supra-normal left ventricular ejection fraction (snLVEF) has been suggested, based on large datasets demonstrating an increased all-cause mortality in individuals with an LVEF > 65%. The underlying mechanisms of this association are currently unknown.

Methods: A total of 1367 patients (352 women, mean age 63.